Midterm Flashcards
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Type: Intrinsic
Function: Down and in adducts vocal folds
Innervation: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Branch of the Vagus Nerve
Speech Correction: Principles and Methods
Author: Van Riper
Contribution: remediation, advocated perceptually diagnosing voice disorders as disorders of pitch, loudness, and/or quality
Pars Recta of the Cricothyroid
Type: Intrinsic
Function: rock the thyroid cartilage down and forward
Innervation: Superior Laryngeal External Branch of the Vagus
2 classes of voice disorders
resonance: dysfunctions in coupling or uncoupling of oral cavity, nasal cavity, and/or pharynx which affects the quality of voice
phonation: result primarily from the action of the vocal folds, causing a vocal quality that is unsuitable
How the extrinsic muscles contribute to voice production
hold larynx in place in the neck and responsible for the gross motor adjustments associated with raising/lowering the larynx which increases or decreases pitch
How the intrinsic muscles contribute to voice production
responsible for the fine motor movements that are associated with tensing or relaxing the vocal folds and opening or closing the vocal folds
Ventricles
small space between the true and false vocal folds
Rehabilitation of Speech
Authors: West Kennedy and Carr
Contribution: organic voice disorders with pathology present, if the voice is disordered, there is always a reason and if properly studied, that reason can be determined
Conus Elasticus
inferior to fibroelastic membrane, covers vocal folds and upper portion of the trachea which forms the true vocal folds
How the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles work in concert for voice production
anytime you alter the extrinsic muscles, you alter the tension and relationship of the intrinsic muscles
Laryngeal Saccules
40-60 of them within the ventricles, produce mucus which keeps the larynx tissues moist and makes it easier to phonate
Aryepiglottic folds
Course: Folds of tissue that extend from the top of arytenoid anteriorly to sides of epiglottis
Function: narrows (moves inward) when swallowing but has no role in voice production
Parameters which constitute a functional description of the typical voice
- Should be loud enough to be heard
- should not be produced in a manner that causes vocal trauma
- Should be pleasant to listen to and have a pleasing quality
- Should be flexible enough to express a range of emotions
- Should represent the speaker well in terms of age, culture, and gender
Voice as an adapted or overlaid function of the larynx
The function of the larynx is biologic, however, overtime the anatomy has made it more uniquely suited for voice production
Voice disorders are more prevalent in what gender as children?
Boys
Fictitious/Folklore Stage
voice production was considered magical, supernatural, or religious; doctors were some type of religious deity; treated with folk remedies or even excommunication
Voice disorders are more prevalent in what gender as adults?
Women
Vocal fold layers
- Epithelium
- Superficial layer of the lamina propria
- intermediate layer of the lamina propria
- deep layer of the lamina propria
- vocalis muscle
Mucosal wave of vocal folds
-moves medially to laterally across the vocal folds
-cover body model which means that because because each layer has their own denseness or stiffness, they respond to deformation differently, the cover vibrates, then the transition shortly after, and then the body
Metaphysical Stage
knowledge based partly on observation but mainly speculation; doctors were philosophers
Traditional Stage
lasted for 1500 years and coincided with the dark ages, study of voice was stagnated and regressed
Geniohyoid
Type: Extrinsic
Function: pulls the hyoid and larynx up and forward
Innervation: Hypoglossal Nerve
Glottis
space between the true vocal folds that is a variable sphincter ( changes size depending on what you are doing)
Difference between cartilaginous and membranous glottis
Cartilaginous- posterior 1/3 of the glottis, bordered by the cartilaginous vocal folds, not much vibration
Membranous- anterior 2/3 of the glottis, surrounded by the vocal folds, where the vocal folds vibrate most
