MIDTERM Flashcards
1
Q
refers to the management and organization of healthcare facilities, focusing on ensuring efficient operations, high-quality patient care, and compliance with regulations.
A
Hospital administration
2
Q
Providing oversight, policy development, and governance.
A
Board of Directors
2
Q
Components of Hospital Administration
A
Leadership and Governance
Financial Management
Human Resources Management
Clinical Operations
Information Technology (IT)
Supply Chain Management
Regulatory Compliance
Patient Services
Emergency Preparedness
Community Outreach and Engagement
3
Q
Planning and monitoring financial resources.
A
Budgeting
3
Q
Establishing long-term goals and direction for the hospital.
A
Strategic Planning
3
Q
.Managing billing, collections, and reimbursement processes.
A
Revenue Cycle Management
3
Q
Hiring qualified personnel and providing continuous education.
A
Staff Recruitment and Training
3
Q
Managing performance, addressing grievances, and fostering a positive workplace culture.
A
Employee Relations
3
Q
Ensuring effective communication among healthcare teams.
A
Patient Care Coordination
4
Q
Monitoring and improving the quality of care through
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Quality Assurance
4
Q
Managing patient data and improving communication.
A
Electronic Health Records (EHR)
4
Q
Ensuring data accuracy, privacy, and compliance with regulations.
A
Health Information Management
4
Q
Acquiring medical supplies, equipment, and pharmaceuticals.
A
Procurement
4
Q
Managing stock levels to ensure availability and reduce waste.
A
Inventory Control
4
Q
Meeting standards set by regulatory bodies and accrediting organizations.
A
Accreditation
4
Q
Establishing procedures to ensure compliance with healthcare laws and regulations.
A
Policy Development
4
Q
Streamlining patient flow and enhancing the overall experience.
A
Admissions and Discharge Processes
5
Q
Collecting feedback and implementing improvements based on patient needs.
A
Patient Satisfaction Initiatives
5
Q
Developing and implementing strategies emergencies and disasters.
A
Crisis Management Plans
5
Q
Promoting health education and preventive care in the community.
A
Public Health Initiatives
5
Q
Collaborating with local organizations and stakeholders to address community health needs.
A
Partnerships
5
Q
is a responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of a healthcare facility.
A
hospital professional administrator
5
Q
Their role is critical to ensuring that the hospital runs efficiently and effectively, providing high-quality patient care.
A
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS
5
Q
play a vital role in bridging the gap between clinical staff and the administrative side of healthcare, ensuring that the hospital operates smoothly while meeting the needs of patients and staff alike.
A
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS
6
Overseeing hospital staff, including doctors, nurses, and support personnel, while fostering a collaborative environment.
Leadership and Management
6
Managing the hospital's budget, financial planning, and resource allocation to ensure sustainability.
Finance and Budgeting
6
Enhancing the patient experience by managing admissions, discharge processes, and patient satisfaction initiatives.
Patient Services
6
Implementing policies and procedures to maintain and improve the quality of patient care and safety.
Quality Assurance
6
Ensuring the hospital meets health laws and regulations at local, state, and federal levels.
Regulatory Compliance
6
is an organized framework that provides medical services to a population.
healthcare system
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Hospitals, clinics, and individual healthcare professionals who deliver care.
Providers
6
Mechanisms for financing healthcare, such as private insurance, public programs (like Medicare and Maxicare), or universal coverage.
Insurance
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Initiatives aimed at preventing disease and promoting health at the community level.
Public Health
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Policies and laws that govern the healthcare industry, ensuring quality and access.
Regulations
6
Tools and systems that enhance care delivery, such as electronic health records and telemedicine.
Technology
6
the goal of a healthcare system is to improve WHAT
health outcomes, ensure access to care, and manage cost effectively
6
health system, also sometimes referred to as WHat
health care system
6
is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system
6
is a healthcare facility that provides comprehensive medical services to individuals with various health conditions.
hospital
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Hospitals offer both inpatient services (for patients who need to stay overnight or longer) and outpatient services (for patients who receive treatment without being admitted).
Inpatient and Outpatient Care
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Most hospitals have emergency departments that provide immediate care for urgent medical issues
Emergency Services
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Hospitals typically include various departments, such as surgery, pediatrics, maternity, radiology, and more, each offering specialized care
Specialized Departments
6
Hospitals provide diagnostic testing (like lab tests and imaging) to help diagnose and manage medical conditions.
Diagnostic Services
6
Many hospitals have operating rooms for surgeries and other invasive procedures.
Surgical Facilities
6
These include pharmacy, nutrition, rehabilitation, and mental health services to support patient care.
Support Services
7
Some hospitals are affiliated with medical schools and engage in teaching and research to advance medical knowledge and practice.
Education and Research
7
Three Categories of Hospitals
Publicly-owned hospitals
Non-profit hospitals
For-profit hospitals
7
can be categorized several types based on their services, ownership, and patient care focus.
Hospitals
7
Provide a wide range of services, including emergency care, surgery, maternity care, and outpatient services. They serve various patient needs.
General Hospitals
7
Specialty Hospitals: Focus on specific areas of healthcare, such as:
Children's Hospitals: Dedicated to pediatric care.
Psychiatric Hospitals: Focus on mental health and substance abuse treatment.
Rehabilitation Hospitals: Specialize in physical rehabilitation for patients recovering from surgery or injury
7
Dedicated to pediatric care
Children's Hospitals
7
Focus on mental health and substance abuse treatment.
Psychiatric Hospitals
7
Specialize in physical rehabilitation for patients recovering from surgery or injury
Rehabilitation Hospitals
7
Affiliated with medical schools, these hospitals provide clinical education and training for medical students, residents, and fellows. They often have advanced research capabilities.
Teaching Hospitals
7
Typically smaller, these serve local populations and provide essential services. They often focus on primary care and outpatient services.
Community Hospitals
7
Designed for patients with complex medical conditions requiring extended hospital stays, often involving rehabilitation and recovery.
Long-term Care Hospitals
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Facilities that perform same-day surgical procedures without the need for overnight stays.
Ambulatory Surgery Centers
7
LEVELS OF HOSPITAL
1. Primary Healthcare
2. Secondary Healthcare
3. Tertiary Healthcare
4. Quaternary Healthcare (Optional Level)
7
Primary Healthcare
Definition: The first point of contact for individuals seeking medical care.
Services: Routine check-ups, preventive care, management of chronic diseases, vaccinations, and treatment of common illnesses.
Providers: General practitioners, family physicians, pediatricians, internists, and nurse practitioners.
Focus: Emphasizes overall health, wellness, and prevention, aiming to treat common health issues before they escalate.
Primary Healthcare
Definition
7
Specialized medical care that requires referral from a primary healthcare provider.
Services: More specialized diagnostic services, treatment for acute illnesses, surgeries, and consultations with specialists.
Providers: Specialists such as cardiologists, orthopedic surgeons, neurologists, and obstetricians.
Focus: Addresses more complex health conditions that need specific expertise, typically involving hospital settings.
Secondary Healthcare
Definition: Specialized medical care that requires referral from a primary healthcare provider.
Services
7
Highly specialized care often provided in advanced medical facilities.
Services: Complex procedures, advanced diagnostic testing, and specialized treatments for serious conditions (e.g., Cancer treatment, organ transplants).
Providers: Sub-specialists and teams of healthcare professionals working in specialized hospitals or medical centers.
Focus: Focuses on advanced medical interventions and technology for severe or complicated health issues.
Tertiary Healthcare
7
Definition: An extension of tertiary care, it includes experimental and cutting-edge procedures.
Services: Rare or complex interventions, such as advanced surgeries and experimental treatments.
Providers: Highly specialized healthcare professionals and research institutions
Quaternary Healthcare (Optional Level)
7
HOSPITAL LIABILITIES
Financial Liabilities
Legal Liabilities
Operational Liabilities
Insurance Liabilities
Environmental Liabilities
Reputational Liabilities
7
plays a vital role in a hospital by providing essential imaging services that aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient management.
radiology department
7
is essential in modern healthcare, providing critical insights that support diagnosis and treatment decisions while maintaining a strong focus on patient safety and quality care.
radiology department
7
Minimally invasive procedures guided by imaging, such as biopsies and catheter placements.
Interventional Radiology
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Specialized imaging services tailored for children.
Pediatric Radiology
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Advanced machines for various imaging techniques, requiring regular maintenance and updates.
Imaging Modalities
7
Software for managing patient data, imaging orders, and results reporting.
Radiology Information Systems (RIS)
7
Digital storage and retrieval of images for easy access by healthcare providers.
Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS)
7
Medical doctors specialized in interpreting imaging studies and providing diagnoses.
Radiologists
8
Professionals who operate imaging equipment and ensure patient safety and comfort during procedures.
Radiologic Technologists
8
Administrative personnel handling scheduling, billing, and patient communication.
Support Staff
8
Implementing measures to protect patients and staff from unnecessary radiation exposure.
Safety Protocols
8
Regularly and calibrating equipment to ensure accurate imaging results.
Quality testing Control
8
Educating patients about procedures and providing support throughout their imaging experience.
Pre- and Post-Procedure Care
8
Collaborating with referring physicians and other specialists to ensure comprehensive patient care.
Coordination with Other Departments
8
Ensuring the privacy and security of patient information in accordance with regulations.
HIPAA Compliance
8
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
8
Encouraging ongoing training and education for radiologists and technologists to stay updated on the latest advancements in imaging technology and techniques.
Professional Development
8
Participating in studies to evaluate new imaging techniques or treatments.
Clinical Research
8
Exploring new technologies such as artificial intelligence to enhance imaging interpretation and efficiency.
Technological Advances
8
Working closely with other departments (e.g., oncology, surgery) to provide integrated care plans based on imaging findings.
Multidisciplinary Teams
8
Ensuring patients understand the purpose and risks of procedures.
Informed Consent
8
Providing timely and clear reporting of imaging results to referring physicians and, when appropriate, to patients.
Results Communication
8
Importance of Radiology Department
It helps in giving confirmed diagnosis when used along with laboratory investigation.
It provides additional information as required.
It also provides non-invasive techniques for better medical and surgical treatment.
Documentation evidence for treatment education and research.
8
Function of radiology dept.
Location
Layout Design
- RECEPTION ROOM
- Waiting Area
- Radiologist Office
- Dressing Room
- Patient Toilet
- General storage
- Space Requirement
8
In hwat year, Mc Gibony advocated that 2000 sq. ft were required for a 200 bedded hospital.
1969
8
In 1969, WHO advocated that 2000 sq. ft were required for a 200 bedded hospital.
Mc Gibony
8
In 1969, Mc Gibony advocated that how many sq. ft were required for a 200 bedded hospital.
2000 sq. ft .
8
In 1969, Mc Gibony advocated that 2000 sq. ft were required for a how many bedded hospital.
a 200 bedded hospital.
8
requires careful planning and adherence to various standards and regulations to ensure safety, efficiency, and quality of care.
Operating a radiological facility
8
is the process of overseeing and guiding employees or teams to ensure that tasks are completed effectively and efficiently.
It involves combination a of management, support, and leadership.
Supervision
8
Supervisors monitor day-to-day operations and employee performance to ensure goals are met.
Direct Oversight
8
Providing assistance, resources, and training to help employees succeed in their roles.
Support and Guidance
8
Role: Responsible for setting the overall vision and strategic direction of the organization.
Examples of Positions: CEO, COO, CFO, and other executives.
Top-Level Supervision (Executive Management)
8
Key Functions:
Developing long-term goals and policies.
Making high-level decisions that impact the entire organization.
Overseeing the overall performance and financial health of the company.
Top-Level Supervision (Executive Management)
8
Role: Acts as a bridge between top management and first-line supervisors, translating high-level strategies into actionable plans.
Examples of Positions: Department heads, division managers, and regional managers.
Middle-Level (Middle Management) Supervision
8
Key Functions:
Implementing policies set by top management.
Coordinating activities between departments.
Monitoring performance and providing support to first-line supervisors.
Middle-Level (Middle Management) Supervision
8
Role: Directly oversees the day-to-day activities of frontline employees.
Examples of Positions: Team leaders, supervisors, foremen, and shift managers.
First-Line Supervision (Operational Management)
8
Key Functions:
Managing daily operations and ensuring tasks are completed.
Providing direct supervision and support to employees.
Handling immediate issues, providing feedback, and conducting performance evaluations
First-Line Supervision (Operational Management)
8
refers to the number of direct reports or subordinates that a supervisor can effectively manage.
span of control
8
It is a key factor in organizational structure and can significantly impact communication, decision-making, and overall efficiency.
The number of employees directly supervised by one manager or supervisor.
Supervisors' Span of Control
9
Types of Span of Control
Narrow Span
Wide Span
9
A supervisor manages a small number of employees (e.g., 5- 7). This allows for more hands-on supervision, closer relationships, and greater control.
Narrow Span
9
A supervisor manages a larger number of employees (e.g., 15- 20 or more). This can lead to less direct oversight but can enhance efficiency and reduce management costs.
Wide Span
9
More complex or specialized tasks may require a narrower span to ensure effective supervision.
Complexity of Tasks
9
If team members are spread out over different locations, a narrower span may be necessary to maintain effective oversight.
Geographical Dispersion
9
may necessitate narrower spans, while flatter organizations can support wider spans.
Hierarchical structures
9
refers to the nuanced and skillful practice of guiding and influencing individuals or teams toward achieving common goals.
art of leadership
9
It encompasses not just the mechanics of managing tasks and people but also the emotional and relational aspects that foster trust, motivation, and engagement.
The Art of Leadership
9
The ability to adjust one's leadership style based on the situation, team dynamics, and organizational culture is crucial. Good leaders are flexible and responsive to changing circumstances.
Adaptability
9
The art of leadership includes nurturing the growth and development of team members, providing opportunities for learning, and encouraging professional advancement.
Mentorship and Development
9
refer to the various approaches and methods that leaders use to guide, motivate, and manage their teams.
Leadership styles
9
The leader makes decisions unilaterally and expects compliance from team members.
When Effective: In crisis situations or when quick decisions are necessary.
Drawbacks: Can lead to low morale and reduced employee engagement.
Autocratic Leadership
9
Characteristics: The leader encourages team participation in decision-making, valuing input and feedback.
When Effective: In creative environments where collaboration enhances outcomes.
Drawbacks: Can be time-consuming and may lead to indecision if not managed well.
Democratic Leadership
9
Characteristics: Focuses on inspiring and motivating team members to achieve their full potential and embrace change.
When Effective: In environments needing innovation and a strong vision.
Drawbacks: May overlook practical details in favor of big-picture thinking.
Transformational Leadership
9
Characteristics: Emphasizes structure, tasks, and rewards; relies on clear policies and performance metrics.
When Effective: In organizations with routine tasks and clear objectives.
Drawbacks: Can stifle creativity and intrinsic motivation
Transactional Leadership
9
Characteristics: Prioritizes the needs and development of team members over the leader's own interests.
When Effective: In organizations that value collaboration and employee well-being.
Drawbacks: May struggle with decision-making in more hierarchical environments.
Servant Leadership
9
Characteristics: Provides minimal direction, allowing team members to make decisions independently.
When Effective: With highly skilled and self- motivated teams.
Drawbacks: Can lead to a lack of direction and accountability.
Laissez-Faire Leadership
9
Characteristics: Adapts leadership style based on the needs of the team and the situation.
When Effective: In dynamic environments where flexibility is crucial.
Drawbacks: Requires leaders to be skilled in various styles and aware of team dynamics.
Situational Leadership
9
is the ability to influence, guide, and inspire individuals or groups toward achieving common goals.
Leadership
9
It involves setting a vision, making strategic decisions, fostering collaboration, and motivating others to perform at their best.
Leadership
9
It is a ability to inspire, to motivate and to guide the individuals or a group towards achieving goal and also involves a combination of skill like communication, decision making, empathy and strategic thinking
Leadership
9
also encompasses qualities such as empathy, communication, adaptability, and integrity, enabling leaders to build trust and empower their teams.
Effective leadership
9
Example effective leadership ecncompasses qualities and practices:
Clear vision
Communication skills
Empathy
9
is a fundamental guideline or value that influences a leader's behavior, decision- making, and approach to managing others.
leadership principle
9
- it shape organizations culture and influence team dynamics
Common examples of leadership principle are integrity, accountability, empathy and collaboration.
Set expectations, inspire teams , and create a cohesive vision for success.
Leadership principle
9
They reflect the leader's beliefs about effective leadership and help establish a positive culture within an organization.
By adhering to these principles, leaders can inspire trust, foster collaboration, and drive results.
leadership principle
9
Stay positive and focused during challenges, demonstrating perseverance.
Resilience
9
Prioritize the needs of the team and support their growth and well-being.
Servant Leadership
9
Leadership often centered around tribal or military leaders. Figures like Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar exemplified charismatic leadership, relying on personal strength and military prowess to inspire loyalty.
Ancient Times
9
leadership of ancient times was characterized by many forms:
Divine right
Military leadership
Philosophical influence
Tribal and clan structure
Religious authority
Social role
9
was deeply intertwined with religious belief, military powers and societal structure that shape the foundation of governance and authority and that influence leaders' civilization.
ancient leadership
9
In ancient Greece, philosophers like Plato and Aristotle explored the qualities of a good leader. Plato emphasized the philosopher-king, while Aristotle focused on virtue ethics, suggesting that moral character is essential for effective leadership.
Philosophical Foundations
9
leadership of Philosophical Foundations was characterized by many forms:
Philosopher kings
Virtue and ethics
Democratic principle
Rhetoric and persuasion
Social contract
Education and knowledge
9
was characterized by a focus on the ethics, virtue and responsibilities of the leaders to their communities and the ethical leadership is conceptualized in this era.
philosophical foundation .
9
Leadership during this period was often linked to feudal systems, with lords and kings ruling over territories. The Church also played a significant role, with leaders like the Pope influencing both spiritual and political realms.
The Middle Ages
9
leadership of The Middle Ages was characterized by many forms:
The Feudal system
Monarchical authority
Religious influence
Chivalry
Economic leadership
Military command
Social change
9
The 18th century brought ideas of democracy and individual rights, shaping modern leadership concepts. Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu emphasized the importance of governance by consent and the separation of powers.
The Enlightenment
9
leadership of The Enlightenment was characterized by many forms:
Philosophical influence
Rationalism and science
Challenging monarchical authority
Social Contract theory
Human rights and liberty
The reform and progress
The cultural leadership
9
it was characterized by a focus on reason, individual rights and questioning traditional authority to see democratic principle and governance.
The Enlightenment:
9
The rise of organizations and the need for efficient management led to theories of leadership and management. Figures like Frederick Taylor introduced scientific management, focusing on productivity and efficiency.
Industrial Revolution
9
it involves navigate the complex challenges related toward innovation, labor relation and social responsibilities fundamentally transforming economies and societal structure.
Industrial Revolution
9
leadership of The Enlightenment was characterized by many forms:
Entrepreneurial leadership
Management practices
Labor relations
Technological innovations
Social Responsibilities
Urban leadership
Global impact
10
Various leadership theories emerged, including trait theory, behavioral theories, and contingency theories. The human relations movement emphasized the importance of interpersonal relationships and employee motivation.
20th Century Developments
11
it was diverse and transformative because it shaped global conflict, social movement and technological advancement.
20th Century Developments
12
7 aspects: 20th Century Developments
Political leadership
Civil right movements
Economic incorporate leadership
Technological advancement
Environmental leadership
Crisis management
13
In the latter part of the century, the concept of transformational leadership gained prominence, highlighting leaders who inspire and motivate their followers to achieve greater levels of performance.
Transformational Leadership
14
Particularly, modern era in the late 20th and early 21st century, emphasize the role of leader and inspiring and thriving change within organization and society.
Transformational Leadership
14
focus on inspiring change, fostering collaboration and aligned organizational goals with ethical and societal values and they create more dynamic and engage performs.
Transformational Leadership
15
7 aspects of Transformational Leadership
Visionary leadership
Multivision and inspiration
Emphasize in values
Change management
Collaboration and inclusivity
Personal development
15
Today, leadership continues to evolve with a focus on collaboration, diversity, and emotional intelligence. Concepts such as servant leadership and adaptive leadership are gaining traction, emphasizing the importance of serving others and being responsive to change.
Modern Leadership:
16
Particularly from the late 20th century up to present, characterized by several evolvic trends and challenges.
Modern Leadership:
16
it is marked by the adaptability, technological integration, commitment to diversity and social responsibility and emphasis employee well being and collaboration.
Modern Leadership:
16
A military genius who created one of the largest empires in ancient history, known for his bold strategies and charismatic leadership.
Alexander the Great (356- 323 BC)
17
A Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the rise of the Roman Empire, known for his reforms and military tactics.
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
18
Founder of the Mongol Empire, he unified the Mongolian tribes and expanded his empire across Asia and into Europe through innovative military strategies.
Genghis Khan (c. 1162- 1227)
18
The last Tudor monarch of England, she is remembered for her strong leadership during a time of political and religious turmoil, promoting the arts and exploration.
Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
19
A leader in the Indian independence movement who advocated for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience against British rule.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
20
The British Prime Minister during World War II, known for his steadfast leadership and inspiring speeches that rallied the nation during challenging times.
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
20
His speech he said “we shall fight on the beaches.”
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
21
An influential civil rights leader in the United States, he advocated for nonviolent protest against racial segregation famousty delivering the " I Have a Dream" speech.
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
21
The first Black president of South Africa and a key figure in the anti- apartheid movement, he emphasized reconciliation and nation-building after years of institutionalized racism.
Nelson Mandela (1918- 2013)
21
The first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, she was known for her strong conservative policies and leadership style, often referred to as the "Iron Lady."
Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013
21
Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021, she played a pivotal role in European and global politics, known for her pragmatic and steady leadership.
Angela Merkel (b. 1954)
22
The former Prime Minister of New Zealand, SHe is recognized for her compassionate leadership, particularly during crises such as the Christchurch mosque shoot
Jacinda Ardern
22
The first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, she was known for her strong conservative policies and leadership style, often referred to as the "Iron Lady."ings and the COVID-19 pandemic. Her empathetic approach and clear communication have garnered global admiration.
Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013)
22
The 44th President of the United States, is known for his inspirational rhetoric and emphasis on hope and change. His leadership focused on healthcare reform, climate change, and diplomatic engagement.
Obama
22
An advocate for girls' education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate, she is a leadership stems from her activism following an assassination attempt by the Taliban. She continues to champion education rights globally.
Malala Yousafzai
22
Emmanuel Macron: The President of France, He is known for his centrist policies and efforts to reform the French economy. His leadership style combines a technocratic approach with a focus on European integration.
Emmanuel Macron
22
A climate activist who rose to prominence for her role in the global youth climate movement, she is straightforward communication and passionate advocacy have inspired millions to take action against climate change.
Greta Thunberg
22
The Deputy Secretary- General of the United Nations, she is recognized for her work on sustainable development and gender equality, advocating for global collaboration to address pressing issues.
Amina J. Mohammed
22
The Prime Minister of Canada, he is known for his progressive policies on immigration, diversity, and climate action, as well as his focus on reconciliation with Indigenous peoples.
Justin Trudeau
22
The Director-General of the World Trade Organization and former Finance Minister of Nigeria, she is known for her work in global economic development and advocacy for equitable trade practices.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
22
The CEO of Microsoft, he is credited with transforming the company's culture and focus on innovation, emphasizing empathy and collaboration in leadership.
Satya Nadella
23
quoted by John Quincy Adams:
"If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, dó more, and become more, you are a leader."
23
quoted by Nelson Mandela:
"What counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. It is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead."
23
quoted by Brene Brown:
"Daring leaders work to make sure people can be themselves and feel a sense of belonging."
23
qoted by Warren Bennis:
"Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality."
23
quoted by Peter Drucker:
"The only way to do great work is to love what you do."
