midterm Flashcards
What is the femoral triangle
located in the superiomedial part of thigh on anterior surface borders : superior : inguinal ligament
lateral : sartorius
Medial : adductor longus
Roof : the fascia lata
contents : femoral nerve, fermoral artery, femoral vein and femoral canal (contains lymph nodes)
The artery vein and canal are in a fascial compartment called the femoral sheath.
direction : NAVEL (lateral to medial ), Nerve, artery, vein, Empty space (allows the lymph nodes to go through)
what is the axillary fossa
Its a region that lies underneath the glenohumeral joint
Borders : Apex - the lateral border of 1st rib, the posterior border of clavicle and superior border of the scapula
Lateral : intertubercular groove of humerus
Medial : serratus anterior, first 4 ribs
Posterior : subscapularis, terest major and latissimus dorsi
anterior : pectoralis major and minor
contents : Axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
joints of upper limb
Sternoclavicular Joint:
Saddle (funtionally a ball-and-socket joint synovial)
Articulating Surfaces: Sternal end of the clavicle and sternum
Movements: Elevation/Depression, Protraction/Retraction (moving it front and back) , Rotation.
Acromioclavicular Joint:
Type: Plane synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Acromial end of the clavicle and acromion of the scapula.
Movements: Gliding
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint:
Type: Ball-and-socket synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, internal /external Rotation, Circumduction.
Elbow and Forearm Joints
Humeroulnar Joint:
Type: Hinge synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Trochlea of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna.
Movements: Flexion/Extension.
Axes/Planes: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Humeroradial Joint:
Type: Hinge (pivot component)
Articulating Surfaces: Capitulum of the humerus and head of the radius.
Movements: Flexion/Extension,
Axes/Planes: Sagittal plane, transverse axis
Proximal Radioulnar Joint:
Type: Pivot synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna.
Movements: Pronation/Supination.
Axes/Planes: coronal axis, transverse plane.
Wrist and Hand Joints
Radiocarpal (Wrist) Joint:
Type: Condyloid (ellipsoid) synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Distal radius, articular disc, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Radial/Ulnar Deviation (Abduction/Adduction), Circumduction.
Axes/Planes:
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Radial/Ulnar Deviation: Coronal plane,
Interphalangeal Joints
Type: Hinge synovial joints
Articulating Surfaces: Heads of proximal phalanges and bases of middle/distal phalanges.
Movements: Flexion/Extension.
Axes/Planes: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Carpometacarpal joints : 1st is a saddle joint between trapezium and base of 1st metacarpel, flexion extension, abduction adduction and opposition
2nd to 5th are plane joints that produce gliding movements
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (MCP):
Type: Condyloid synovial joints
Articulating Surfaces: Heads of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Circumduction.
Axes/Planes:
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Abduction/Adduction: Frontal plane, saggital axis.
Lower limb joints
Hip Joint
Type: Ball-and-socket synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Internal/External Rotation, Circumduction.
Axes/Planes:
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Abduction/Adduction: Frontal plane, saggital axis.
Rotation: coronal axis, transverse plane.
Knee Joint
Type: Hinge (with slight rotational component)
Articulating Surfaces: Femoral condyles and tibial plateau, patella with femur.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Slight Internal/ external rotation (when flexed).
Axes/Planes:
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Rotation (in flexion): Vertical axis, transverse plane.
Ankle and Foot Joints
Talocrural (Ankle) Joint:
Type: Hinge synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Distal tibia, fibula, and talus.
Movements: Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion.
Axes/Planes: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Subtalar Joint:
Type: Plane synovial joint
Articulating Surfaces: Talus and calcaneus.
Movements: Inversion/Eversion.
Axes/Planes: coronal plane, sagittal axis.
Metatarsophalangeal Joints (MTP):
Type: Condyloid synovial joints
Articulating Surfaces: Heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges.
Movements: Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction.
Axes/Planes:
Flexion/Extension: Sagittal plane, transverse axis.
Abduction/Adduction: Frontal plane, sagittal axis.
popliteal fossa
posterior part of knee
borders : superomedial - semimembranosus
superolateral - biceps femoris
inferomedial - gastrocnemius (medial head)
inferolateral - gastrocnemius (lateral head)
roof - popliteal fossa
Contents : popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve ( tibial and common fibular nerve and branches of the sciatic nerve and they are MOST SUPERFICIAL, artery is MOST DEEP)
Direction : Serve and volley next ball (medial to lateral) semimembranosus, artery, vein, nerve, biceps femoris
Hip adductors
There are 6
Mainly located in medial thigh area.
They all have their arterial blood supply from obturater artery which is a branch of the internal illiac artery and their veinous drainage is into the obturater vein which drains into internal illiac vein. Most are innerved by the obturator nerve, only oectineus is from femora nerve and adductor magnus from sciatic nerve ADDITIONALLY
Gracilis - origin : inferior pubic ramus, anterior pubis, inserts into medial surface of proximal tibia
Pes anserinus is commin point of innsertion ( Say Grace Sarah, sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus insert into it)
Pectineus - origin : superior pubic ramus
Insertion : pectineal line
Innervation : femoral nerve
Adductor longus - origin : anterior body of pubis
Insertion : linea aspera
Adductor brevis - origin : Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
Insertion : linea aspera
Adductor magnus : 2 parts ( adductor part originates from inferior pubic ramus and inserts into gluteal tubersity, linea aspera and medial supracondyler line, innerated by obturator nerve)
(ischiocondylar part originates from ischial tubersosity and innsertes into adductor tubercle. this is what is known as hamstring, innervated by tibial nerve( branch of sciatic))
Adductor minimus: originates - inferior pubic ramus
Insertes : gluteal tuberosity
innervated by oburator nerve
Adductor canal
Anteromedial – Sartorius.
Lateral – Vastus medialis.
Posterior – Adductor longus and adductor magnus.
The adductor canal runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus
Its contents are the femoral artery, femoral vein (posterior to the artery), nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve
