MIDTERM Flashcards
they are polydactyl with 3 weight bearing toes
EOHIPPUS
these early equids has their lateral supporting toes are decreased in size while mid increase
MESOHIPPUS
mesohippus are also known as?
Middle horses
also known as the first grazing horse
MERYCHIPPUS
early equids that are Monodactyl (single hooves)
Pliohippus
What epoch does Pliohippus come from?
Pliocene Epoch
What epoch does Merrychippus come from?
Miocene Epoch
What epoch does Mesohippus come from?
Oligocene Epoch
What epoch does Eohippus come from?
Eocene Epoch
What are the two types of Modern Equids?
- Non Caballine Zebras & Asses
- Caballine
Scientific name of Grevy’s Zebra
Equus Grevyi
These type of zebra are the largest and has the narrowest stripes
Grevy’s Zebra
Scientific Name of Mountain Zebra
Equus Zebra
These type of zebra has thick stripes with thick spaces, they also have “V” like pattern at the back and unique for having a dewlap
Mountain Zebra
Scientific Name of plain zebra
Equus Burchelli
Type of zebra that is a Typical zebra with Wide vertical stripes and Thick horizontal stripes (rump)
Plain Zebra
Scientific name of Wild Asses
Equus Africanus
Asses where domestic Donkey is derived from
Nubian wild ass & Somali Wild ass
how many chromosomes does Przewalski horse have?
66 chromosome
Vertebral formula of a horse
C7, T18, L6, S5, Cd15-21
Vertebral formula of a donkey
C7, T18, L5, S5, Cd15-21
Scientific name of the Asses
Hemionies
Their Ears longer than horses’ but shorter than donkey
Asses
Scientific name of Mongolian Khulan
Equus Hemionus Hemionus
Mongolian Khulan is from?
North Mongolia
What are the 4 subspecies of Asses
- Mongolian Khulan
- Khur
- Kulan
- Persian Onager
scientific name of the Khur
Equus Hemionus Khur
scientific name of the Kulan
Equus Hemionus Kulan
scientific name of the Persian Onager
Equus Hemionus Onager
Where is Khur from
Thar deser, India
Where is Kulan from
Turkmenistan
Where is Persian Onager from?
Iran
Color of Donkey
- Buff gray to iron gray (winter)
- Black, white, or any shades of gray
T/F
Donkey have forelock
False
give atleast 1 Unique characteristic of a donkey
- no forelock
- no chestnut
- 5 Lumbar
Male donkey
Jack / Jackass
Female donkey
Jennet / Jenny
tallest donkey is called?
American Mammoth Jackstock
what cross are bred to produce a Mule
Jackass (Male donkey) X Mare (Fem Horse)
Why are Mule practical that horse?
- smooth movement under saddle
- Sure-footedness on mountain trails (that may be steep for horses)
Give reasons why mules are economical
- intelligent
- Time off when pregnant/tending young is not needed
- Tough, adaptive, resilient
- Strong (than horse) and fast
- More capable of sustained hard work
- Adapt to heat easily & work better in hot climates
What does a Poitevin sire & dam produce?
Heavy draft mules
Smaller Maltese & Indian Jackass produce?
Light or heavy
What cross is bred to produce a Hinny?
Stallion X Jenny
They are Smaller than mules and horse
Hinnies
Give unique feature of a hinny that makes you distinguish them
- Horselike head with longer ears
- Horse like tail and manes
Give 1 characteristic of a Hinny
- less valuable as workers
- harder to breed
horse of either sex below 1 year old
Foal
delivery of young horse
Foaling
Foal that is nursing
Suckling
foal that has been weaned
Weanling
a horse of either sex that is between one and two years old
Yearling
young female horse; usually up to 4yrs
Filly
mature female horse ; more than 4 yrs old
Mare
mature female horse used for breeding
Broodmare
Young male horse
Calf
Mature non castrated male horse
More than 4 yrs old
Stallion
Mature male horse used for breeding
Stud horse
Castrated horse at an early age
Gelding
Castrated horse at an advance age
Stag
it means the absence of one or both testicles (undescended testicles)
Cryptorchidism
stallion with only one testicle
Monorchid
no testicles at all
Bilateral cryptorchid
How is horse’s Height measured?
by hand and is measured at the height of the withers where the neck meets the back
A specialist in equine hoof care
farrier
What care does the farrier does to horse’s hooves?
- trimming and balancing of horses’ hooves
- placing of shoes on their hooves.
Farrier skills that fabricating, adapting, & adjusting metal shoes
blacksmith’s skills
farrier skill that involves knowledge of the anatomy & physiology of the lower limb
veterinarian’s skills
The two base pigment colors in horses
Black and Red
pigment causing color in mammals
Melanin
2 forms of Melanin in Horses
eumelanin (black)
pheomelanin (orange-red)
T/F
NOT ALL horses can make red pigment (but can be modified or hidden)
FALSE
–> ALL
T/F
Not all horses can make black pigment (but can be modified or hidden)
TRUE
tiny, basic units of inheritance in DNA that determine color, size, etc.
Genes
allele that produce black horse (w/out modifiers)
EE (homozygous dominant
allele that produce chestnut horse (w/out modifiers)
ee (homozygous recessive)
allele that produce black horse but can produce chestnut foal (w/out modifiers)
Ee (heterozygous)
allele of a black horse
EE or Ee +aa
Allele of a chestnut horse
ee, w/ any combination of A genes
it causes eumelanin (black) to be restricted to points (mane, tail, legs)
A — dominant
does not restrict eumelanin allows it to be fully expressed all over body
a — recessive
dominant to ”a” but recessive to ”A”
At
less concentrated color, which means lighter color
dilution
alleles for the presence of cream dilution gene
“Cr”
allele for the gene for absence of ability for cream dilution
“cr“
This means if one gene is present, it will show (manifest) one way
INCOMPLETE DOMINANT gene
color that undergone incomplete dominant gene and produces a lighten the base colors to colors such as palomino effect
Cream
a golden color, with a light colored mane and tail.
Palomino
allele for absence of Dun
“d”
These colors in horses may show a dark stripe down its back and across its shoulders.
dun or buckskin
The body color ranges from a pale yellow to a dirty canvas color
Dun
allele for the gene for absence of Champagne
“ch“
are born with pink skin and blue eyes
Champagne Foals
allele for the absence of Silver
“z“
only affects red pigment in manes and tails
Flaxen
Characterized by progressive silvering of colored hairs of the coat
Gray
Variants of Gray that is white and dark hairs evenly intermixed over most of body
Salt and Pepper or “steel” gray
variant of gray that is dark-colored horse with lighter rings of graying hairs
Dapple gray
Variant of gray that is fully white-haired horse w/ red hairs flecked throughout coat
Flea Bitten gray
variant of gray that is seen in a gray horse with a reddish or pinkish tinge to its coat
Rose gray
Resting Body temperature is meaured by?
rectal thermometer
RBT of an adult horse is
37.5 to 38.3oC (99 -101°F)
RBT of a foal
37.2 to 38.9oC (99 - 102oF)
Normal adult resting HR
28-44 bpm
Foal resting HR
90-120 bpm
Newborn heart rate (<36 hours old)
70-150 bpm
what location of the body can we get the jaw pulse?
- external maxillary artery crosses the lower border of the jaw
- inside of the jawbone just below the heavy muscles of the cheek
what location of the body can we get the radial pulse?
back of the knee
what location of the body can we get the Digital pulse?
below the fetlock at the inside of the ankle
Adult resting Respiratory Rate
10-20 bpm
Foal resting Respiratory Rate
30-40 bpm
Newborn Respiratory Rate
60-80 bpm
Normal color of mucous membrane
Pink
is the gut sounds of a horse digesting his feed
Borborygmus
when can we say that the gut sound is abnormal?
Absence of sounds or fast sounds
What sounds that indicates a normal gut sound?
- Absence of sounds or fast sounds are abnormal
- two long rolls, followed by several small gurgles
Type of head that is balanaced, forehead to nose line is straight, and common for racehorses
Noble head , straight profile
Type of head that has a characteristic of Arabs
dished face (concave)
type of head that has a characteristic of cold bloods and racehorse
Roman Nose (convex)
Type of head that has small nostrils and very short muzzle
Pig head
Type of ear position that means the horse is relaxed
sag ears
Part of the head that is flexible and mobile
Ears
Part of the head that is a bony protrusion located behind the ears
Poll
Type of ear position that means the horse is paying attention
pointed forward of swiveled toward the back
Type of ear position that means the horse is fearful and angry
laid back
Part of the head that may have unique markings
forehead
shallow and hollow ears means?
Young and Healthy
sunken hollow ears means?
old
Part of the head that has a tuft of hair
Forelock
Bright eyes means?
Healthy
Dull eyes means?
Illness
Horse’s muzzle is made up of?
- mouth
- lips
- nose
- nostrils
- chin
Part of the head that is under the muzzle, where the lower lip meet the upper jaw
chin groove
Part of the head where the jaw and windpipe intersect
throat latch
Long neck is good for?
show jumping
type of neck that is correct and most desired
straight neck
type of neck that creates an arch
swan neck
type of neck where the bottom part of the neck is convex and upper part is concave
Close coupled neck
part of the body that is the highest point at the base of the neck
Withers
part of the body that is from the withers to loin
Back
difference between short back and long back
short back: short distance betw. withers and the croup
- associated with athleticism and agility
long back: long distance between wither and croup
- assoc. with strength and carrying capacity
type of croup that slope 15 to 25 degrees to the ground
Normal
type of croup where slope is less than 15
Flat croup
type of croup where slope is 30-40
Sloping/Truncated
what is the use of the skirt in horse’s tail?
display
what happens when the chest is too bulky?
leads to difficulty of breathing
what happens when the chest is too narrow?
instability & difficulty in carrying weight
what happens when the chest is too broad?
impacts agility & responsiveness
why is the withers higher than the croup?
to maintain balance
what is the negative impact of the sloping or truncated croup?
limits the ability to use hindquarters for propulsion
used to denote a mane or tail which is white with a few black hairs giving it a silver cast.
silver
when applied to mane and/or tail, indicates a straw yellow or dirty white.
flax or flaxen
what does it mean when horse have sunken flank?
malnourished or dehydrated
white manes and tails have only white hairs.
true
what does deep girth do to horse?
make a horse more stable and powerful
these are hornlike growth in the leg
Chestnut
these are found at the back of the fetlocks.
ergots
excessive growth of the haircoat
Hirsutism
is a horse having but little hair in its tail.
Rat-tailed
indicates a predominance of yellow or white hairs.
Light
is a horse with a heavy, coarse tail.
Broom-tailed or Bang-tailed
means a darker ribbon which goes along the back from the mane to the tail. The line may be almost any color, although red and black are most common.
Line-back
implies darker patches, dull finish, or dark overcast.
Toasted
means a blue tinge to the color; it is an obscure tone.
Smoky
is a grey or roan horse having bay or chestnut specks or spots on a predominantly white background.
Red-speckled
line found along the back of some horses.
Ray
indicates lack of uniformity in color - dull, dirty tone.
Ratty
indicates uniformity, clarity, and depth of color.
Pure
this part of the horse’s anatomy include the loin, back and torso
barrel
what does deep girth indicate?
makes the horse more stable and powerful
it bears most of the weight
forelimb
(leg) source of power
hindlimb
present everywhere on the body except the legs
sweat glands
and oily or waxy substance which the sebaceous gland secretes
sebum
(T/F)
tactile hair in the horse’s muzzle don’t shed
true
it is alkaline and salty, and it produces the horse’s characteristic odor.
sweat
Group with a common ancestry that breed true to produce common characteristics such as function, conformation and color.
breed
term that indicated that the characteristics as the parent almost always possess the same physical
breeding true
term refers to the faults in breeding
Deliberate breeding
give traits of the cold blooded horse
Quiet, slow & deliberate, heavy-boned, heavy-bodied, immense strength, gentle & calm nature,
give traits of the hotblooded horse
Built for speed & endurance, very reactive,
give traits of the warm blooded horse
Athletic with power, strength & stamina, calmer than HB, little more energy & athleticism than CB
draft/heavy breed are also called?
cold blooded
light breeds are also called?
hot blooded
hot blood are referred to as?
oriental horses
cold blood are referred to as?
gentle giant
refers to the colors on the mane, tail, and lower legs.
points
refers to the white places on face (head) and legs of the horse
markings
solid black all over its body with black skin
black coat
coat color that always has black mane and tail
bay
type of bay coat that is the most common type
standard bay
type of bay that is the second darkest color which has a deep blood red body color
blood bay
type of bay that has the lightest shade of bay
light or golden bay
type of bay that are referred as the true bays with deep red coat and black points
wildtype bay
how to distinguish a black and a brown coated horse?
hairs on the horse’s muzzle or flanks:
- black horse: will have black hairs
- brown horse: will have tan or brown
type of bay that has the darkest bay color and often mistaken as red seal brown
dark or mahogany bay
type of bay that has a color that tends to be more bright like a copper penny
copper bay
this coat color is a modifications of the bay color pattern.
dun / buckskin
this coat is basically red that may vary from light yellow to a dark liver color
chestnut
what do other people call a bright copper colored horse?
sorrel
what indicates that a white horse is a true white horse?
- pink skin
- white coat
- blue or brown eyes or dark eyes
(T/F)
Chestnut coated horse will sometimes have a black main or tail
FALSE
mane and tail will never be black
horses with this coat are born dark and lightened with age
gray
coat that has a mixture of black and white hairs
gray
this coat happens when bay horses with one cream dilution gene → resulting in a golden coat
buckskin
coat that have a dorsal stripe and primitive markings due to the dun gene → creating a more muted coat color
dun
coat that is a golden color, with a light colored mane and tail.
palomino
coat that can be characterized by irregular colored and white areas.
pinto
type of pinto color patterns that is black and white spots
piebald
type of pinto color patterns that is a spot of white and any color that is not black
skewbald
type of pinto color patterns where the white spots extends downward (hindlegs) over the horse’s back
tobiano
type of pinto color patterns where white spot extends from the belly and legs towards the back
overo
a coat color that has mixture of white and colored hairs.
roan
(T/F)
horse’s born roan, stays the same color throughout its life
TRUE
type of roan coat that is a mixture of black and white hairs
blue roan
type of roan coat where white hairs intermingled with bay base coat
red roan
type of roan coat that is a chestnut color with white hair mixed in with the colored hairs
strawberry roan
coat color that have a variety of spotting patterns.
appaloosa
appaloosa pattern that is solid or spotted white area over the hips with a contrasting base color
banket
appaloosa pattern that is a white coat with colored spots scattered over the body.
leopard
a marking that is any white marking usually vertical, between two nostrils or on lips
snip
a marking that is narrow vertical white marking extending from near line of eyes toward the nostrils
stripe
a marking that is any white marking on forehead above a line running from eye to eye
star
white marking on forehead (star) with a marking to nostrils and a white mark between the nostrils
Star, Blaze, and Snip
a marking that can extend out to around eyes, upper lip, & around nostrils
bald face
a white marking on the entire pastern area
pastern
type of marking that is a white marking similar to a stripe but covers entire forehead, but not eyes and nostrils
blaze
any narrow white marking around the coronet above the hoof
coronet
a white marking which includes only half of the pastern area, above the coronet
half pastern
a white marking extending from coronet to and including fetlock
ankle
full white marking almost to the knee or hock
stocking
White marking extending around the leg from the coronet halfway up the cannon bone.
half stocking / sock
group of nomadic horsemen
scythians
white markings on both inside and outside of heels.
heels
It is a wishbone shape wooden object, lashed to the yoke by its handle with its legs lying along the horse’s shoulders
yolk saddle
They are the first recorded geldings
Scythian Horses
A military force mounted on horse back
cavalry
what is the old norman phrase used to warn hunters that a deer has been found?
Ty a Hillaut
They emerged as a supreme in the art of making carriage
Hungarians
(Mythology)
He is the creator of horses
Poseidon
Ty a Hillaut is now?
Tally Ho
(Mythology)
A wild-winged horse
Pegasus
(Mythology)
it is used by bellerophon to tame the pegasus
Golden bridle
(Mythology)
Half horse and half human
Centaur
(Mythology)
Wooden horse that got the greeks inside the walls of troy
Trojan horse
(Mythology)
Gaul goddess of horses
Epona
(Mythology)
leg of a buck, tail of a lion, head and body of a horse with a single horn in the middle of its forehead
Unicorn
he is the last horse issued to the army by the quartermaster and the last to carry the US
Black Jack
These are police who do patrols on a horse back
Mounted Police
an armor used to protect the knights
Chanson
It is an armor that is used to protect the horse’s head
Chanfron
it is a light frame or ring that holds the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap
Stirrup
is it carried out in an attempt to improve performance by increasing the amount of oxygen reaching the lungs
Nose slitting
what is the phrase used to identify the tactic made by parthians
Parting shot
they develop a tactic of galloping up to the enemy and then retreating while turning their bodies to shoot
Parthians
They have come up to a tactic that are used for horse archers like them
Mongols
What is the tactic that the mongols came up with?
Hit and run tactic
They are exceptionally mobile that can hit swiftly with a devastating effect
Hussars
He is one of the greatest horse masters and the first to advocate a reward based training
Xenophon
Best known exponent of riding as an art
Lipazzaner
Hussars tactic is also known as?
Coup d’huzzard
what are the basic riding?
- walk
- trot canter
- gallop
- jumping
it is done in a triangular arena and takes the form of many different gymnastic
Dressage Training
A training wherein horses are taught to engage its hindquarters to maintain powerful forward movement
Impulsion
Movement where the horse remains in place, while their legs move in a collected, elevated trot, and is done on the spot
Piaffe
what are the two movement that requires a great deal of impulsion?
- piaffe
- passage
movement where the horse moves forward in a very collected, elevated trot.
Passage
Advance canter movement where the horse swops its leading leg without breaking the beat
Flying change
Advance canter movement that is a more advance version, horse is asked to change the canter lead every other stride
tempi changes
Dam of Pegasus
Medusa
Sire of pegasus
Poseidon
A shape shifter water dwelling spirit that can adopt a human form but always retain its hooves
Kelpie of scottish folklore
it is the distance a team of horses would work before being changed for a fresh set of team
Stage
enclosed vehicles that served as the first transportation in the cities
Omnibuses
Used for transporting both freights and passengers
Canals
A reliable courier system that enable Genghis Khan to govern his huge empire
Yam
a system that delivered mail on horseback between Missouri and California
Pony express
Why did the pony express shut down?
not profitable
classification of muscles that makes the heart and digestive tract operate
Involuntary
Classification of muscle that makes the leg moves
Voluntary
This muscles contracts to flex or bend, or move the leg back
Flexor m.
This muscles contracts to extend or straighten, or move the leg front
Extensor m.
Fibers that produces burst of energy and gives horse is speed. Maintained for a short period of time
Fast-twitch fibers
Fibers that works for a longer period of time without tiring, = more endurance
Slow-twitch fibers
it allows the horse to be asleep while standing
Stay Apparatus
it supports fetlock when the leg is moving
suspensory apparatus
Origin of Clydesdale
Clyde Valley, Scotland
what is close movement?
forelegs placed under the shoulders and the hindlegs close together, which makes cow (close together) hocks acceptable
breeder’s aim in clydesdale
“close” movement
Origin of Shire
England
Breed that is renowned for its high stepping action
Clydesdale
breed known for style and elegance with freedom of movement
Clydesdale
breed that is also known as gentle giants and has a straight action and a kind disposition
Shire
breed that is also known as supreme draft horse
shire
Foundation stallion of the shire?
Packington Blind horse
what are the different shades of chestnut in Suffolk punch?
- Dark Liver
- Light Mealy
- Red
- Golden
- Lemon
- Bright
- Dull Dark
origin of Suffolk punch
England
breed that has an appearance of a short, fat fellow
Suffolk punch
breed that is known to be good stock for coach or road
Suffolk punch
who is the owner of the chestnut colored suffolk punch?
Thomas Crisp of Ufford
why are suffolk punch well suited on heavy clay soil?
they lack feather on their legs therefor they pick up less soil
In suffolk punch, how is the horse’s strength tested?
hitching it to a fallen tree even if the horse did not manage to move the tree, it was considered to have passed the test as long as it got right down on its knees in what is considered the typical Suffolk “drawing” action
Origin of Italian Heavy Draft
Italy
Breed that is known to be italians favorite
Italian Heavy draft
What breed is crossed with Italian Heavy draft to produce a powerful offspring but too heavy and slow
Brabant
what offspring is produce in a Italian Heavy draft crossed with Brabant?
powerful offspring but too heavy and slow
What breed is crossed with Italian Heavy draft to produce a lighter, quick moving postier-type offspring
Breton
what offspring is produce in a Italian Heavy draft crossed with Breton?
lighter, quick moving postier-type offspring
What breed is crossed with Italian Heavy draft to produce a compact and relatively fast moving, powerful with kind, docile temperaments?
Italian mares
A term that means a quick heavy draft in IHD
tiro pesante rapido
what offspring is produce in a Italian Heavy draft crossed with Italian Mares?
compact and relatively fast moving, powerful with kind, docile temperaments
what symbol does Italian Heavy Draft have for them to be identified
Symbol of Verona
Origin of Percheron
Normandy, France
breed that is known to be most elegant of the heavy horse breeds
Percheron
what breed is crossed with Percheron to produce a tough range horses?
Percherons X Criollos
Percheron served as:
Warhorse
coach horse
farm horse
gun horse
riding horse
Breed that is known to have a cream with pink skin and amber-colored eyes
American Cream Draft
what is crossed with the poitevin mares to produce a Poitevin Mule
Baudet de poitou
Origin of Poitevin
Poitou, France
what are the breeding faults in Poitevin
- tendency to a long body
- heavy coarse head with thick ears that have limited mobility
Origin of Dutch Draft
Netherlands
Breed that is known to be one of the Netherlands’ principal working horse breeds
dutch draft
breed that is competitive trotting in Scandinavia
North swedish horse
breed that is Bred for working on mixed farms
dutch draft
origin of North swedish horse
Northern Sweden
breed that is a compact breed with a remarkable capacity to pull heavy loads and withstand harsh climates.
North swedish horse
it is the world’s only coldblood harness racer
Scandinavian Coldblood Trotter
what breed is crossed with North swedish horse that lead to a development of lighter horse that is more suitable for harness racing
Døle Gudbrandsdal
Origin of Vladimir
Northeast Russia
what are the 3 foundation stallion of Vladimir
Lord James
Border Brand
Glen Albin
Origin of Russian Heavy Draft
Ukraine
Before Russian Heavy Draft are called?
Russian Ardennes
Breed where their milk are used to make Koumiss
Russian Heavy Draft
Breed that is built like a heavy cob with strong frame and lively movement
Russian Heavy Draft
(T/F)
Russian Heavy Draft stallions are used as stud when they are over 10 years old?
FALSE
20 YRS OLD
It is a fermented, mildly alcoholic drink made from mare’s milk that has medicinal qualities
Koumiss
Origin of Caspian
Iran
how many chromosomes does caspian have?
65
Breed that are attractive little pony that looks like a horse in miniature
Caspian
pony breed that is known to be Traditionally used for a variety of tasks on moorland farms and has tremendous staying power
Connemara
These pony is known to be natural jumpers
Caspian
Pony breed that is known to be a diminutive pony that is tough and agile
Timor
Origin of Australian Pony
Australia
Pony breed that has an odd formation of bones in the head which makes the skull look vaulted
Caspian
Pony breed that is the smallest of the Indonesian ponies
Timor
Origin of Timor
Timor, Indonesia
pony breed that is known have an Exceptional smooth action, long strides and small size
Australian Pony
Origin of Connemara
Connemara, western Ireland
Ancestor of Connemara?
Irish Hobby
origin of Shetland
Shetland Islands
pony breed that is known to have general air of vitality, stamina, and robustness
Shetland
shetland stud that has necessary bone and substance for pit works
Heavy type stud
Shetland stud that is popular in harness and as a children’s mount
Lighter type stud
Origin of Highland
Scottish Highlands and Islands, UK
pony breed that is known to be Sure-footed and strong enough to carry heavy red deer carcasses when herds are culled
Highland
pony breed that is popular for pony trekking
Highland
Who is the first registered highland pony?
Herd Laddie
Origin of Fell
Northern England, UK
pony breed that is Used as pack pony as they are lighter than dale and is a tremendous trotter
Fell
pony breed that is known to be hard as an iron
Fell
What breed has an early influence on the fell?
Freisian
What breed has an Greatest influence on the fell?
Scottish Galloway
origin of dales
Northern England
pony breed that is known to have a Combining courage and stamina with a calm temperament
Dales
pony breed that is a Larger, heavier-built neighbor of the Fell
Dales
pony breed that is Used in lead and coal mines
Dales
Origin of New Forest Pony
New Forest, England
pony breed that retains the character and movement inherited from its natural environment
New Forest Pony
it is an an area of pasture land and forest, and an accessible tract of land
New Forest
what action is the Forester’s best pace?
Canter
pony breeds known to be “Most beautiful of the British native ponies”
Welsh Mountain Pony
Origin of Welsh Mountain Pony
Wales, UK
pony breed that is the smallest of the four Welsh breeds and the Foundation for the three larger types.
Welsh Mountain Pony
“founding father” of the modern Welsh Mountain Pony
Dyoll Starlight
pony breed that Appears to be too close to the Thoroughbred-type Riding Pony and is Ridden by shepherds and hunters
Welsh Pony
Origin of Welsh Pony
Wales, UK
origin of hackney pony
Cumbria, UK
who is the most important foundation sire of Welsh Pony
Tanybwlch Berwyn -> sahara
pony breed that is a Real pony with pony character
hackney pony
pony breed that is a purpose-bred harness pony and small in stature
hackney pony
Origin of Pottok
Basque country of France and Spain
Pony breed that is tough, but not unattractive and is Closest genetically to the Basque Mountain Horse
Pottok
pony breed that is Used in the creation of the Poney Français de Selle
Pottok
what are the two types of pottok pony?
- Plains
- Mountain
type of pottok pony that Roam free in the mountains for nine months of the year and mostly piebald.
Mountains
type of pottok pony that is a selections of the mountain ones, They are born and raised in better conditions
Plains
Origin of Icelandic
Iceland
pony breed known for their tolt
Icelandic
what is a tolt?
- four-beat walk at a fast or slow speed & pace
- “running walk”
- Used to swiftly cross broken ground
pony breed that is known to be One of the world’s oldest and purest breeds
Fjord
origin of Fjord
Norway
type of Fjord pony that were larger with a more profuse mane, tail, and feathering
Fjordane and Sunnmøre
Name of the stallion that saved the Fjord breed when it was almost died out
Njal
Origin of Pony of the America
lowa, US
pony breed known to be an All-American pony
Pony of the America
foundation stallion of the Pony of the America
Black Hand
what are the two common coat patterns
Blanket
Leopard
pony breed that Focus is on substance, refinement, and a stylish, straight, balanced action
Pony of the America
origin of American Shetland
US
pony breed that is One of the best-loved ponies in the US for well over a century
American Shetland
what are the Four distinct types of American Shetland?
- Foundation
- Classic
- Modern
- Modern Pleasure
What are the Two Shetland-based breeds:
- Pony of the Americas
- American Shetland.
Origin of Falabella
Argentina
pony breed that is a tiny horse and best-known miniature
Falabella
what breeds are crossed to produce a Falabella?
smallest Shetland ponies X very small Thoroughbred stallion
what is the rarest horse in horse world?
Falabella
what are the inbreeding results in Falabella
Lack of vigor
conformational weaknesses (legs)
pony breed that Resembles the Hackney in outline, conformation, character, and action.
American Shetland
