midterm Flashcards
Nominal
a quality (word) that cannot be ranked
- Categories have no value in relation to each other
Ex. Red, green, blue – can not be ranked because colours have NO value in relation to EACHOTHER - Tend to be preferences/ characteristics
Ex. What’s your favourite snack? – can NOT be ranked because its personal - Limited statistical analysis
- Number that is not a real number
Ex. Cellphone number- Not one number has more value than another
Ordinal:
: to put things in order/ ranking based on value
- Rankable qualities/ quantities
*categories have value In relation to each other but some or all of the categories are not precise values
Example 1:
Highest educational degree?
- Highschool
- Cegep
- BA
- MA
- PhD
These have value (PhD is higher than high school) but not PRECISE value because you don’t know the amount of years in school or the age
Numeric:
Rank able precise numbers ( non- ambiguous)
- Categories have value in relation to each other
- Most statistical analysis
- Can you find the mean/ average
(which category is it?)
A survey ask students how many hours they do on average:
0 1 2 3 4 more than 4
ORDINAL because last value is imprecise
- Survey asks students to estimate average in school in following way:
30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
- Numeric because every group has precise beginnings and ends
which category?
Researcher studying body image asks people to judge themselves based on weight in following categories:
- Too heavy
- Slightly heavy
- Normal weight
- Slightly thin
- Too thin
Ordinal because words that can be ranked
Job applicant asks for social insurance number:
- Nominal because it is not a real number. No number has more value than another
An ice cream company ask participants to indicate favourite flavour:
- Nominal because it is qualities ( words). Preferences are not rankable
Researcher wants to assess how liber Canadian students are by asking them if they agree that the death penalty should exist for pre-meditated murder:
- Ordinal because they are trying to figure out who is liberal
- Yes- more liberal No- less liberal
Teacher wants to assess her students knowledge of politics by asking them to name prime ministers:
- Numeric because it will go into number. Can average out ( this student names x many…)
+ emphasis word
Ex. A significant/considerable/remarkable/notable portion…
+emphasis and percentage
Ex. A mere 2 % of the population
- Don’t use small words (an insignificant …)
+fractions
Ex. ¾ = (3 divided by 4 = 0.75) so less than ¾ of the sample have brown eyes
- “ by a difference of”
(shows to use subtraction)
By a factor of:
Ex.
Brown eyes are more common than green eyes by a factor of …
( 40 divided by 6) – same thing just fancy wording
