MIDTERM Flashcards
The concept of the land transportation system in the Philippines started when our ancestors invented the means of ___.
LOCOMOTION WITH THE ANIMALS
No movement of vehicles on road.
CONJESTION / TRAFFIC CONJESTION
Movement of people or vehicles in high ways.
TRAFFIC
Is the movement or conveying of person or goods from one location to another.
TRANSPORTATION
Any device used to move one location to another.
TRANSPORT
The first form of transport.
SHANKS PONY (THE HUMAN FOOT)
Domesticated between 4,000 to 3,000 BC.
DONKEYS AND HORSES
Were domesticated slightly later between 3,000 to 2,000 BC.
CAMELS
They constantly migrate from one place to other place according to their own detailed knowledge of exploitable resources.
NOMADIC
From the Greek, “to pasture”, was originally used to refer to pastoralist groups that migrate in an established pattern to find pasture lands for their domestic livestock.
NOMAD
Man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens. More so today, it is important in transportation in many parts of the world.
MAN POWER
In China and other parts of the east, the ___, balanced on the shoulder is a popular carrying device. On island of Pacific, the ends of the pole are supported by the two men, with goods suspended from the pole between.
CARRYING POLE
In many parts of the world, goods are carried on the back. In subtemala, pots are carried on a wood framework supported by a tumpline across the forehead. In the Andes, the load is held on the back by a strap passing over the chest.
BACK LOAD AND TUMPLINE
From the beginning of human history people have dragged any load too heavy to be carried. But large objects are often of awkward shape and texture, liable to snag on any roughness in the ground. The natural solution is to move them on a platform with smooth runners.
THE SLEDGE
The moving o heavy burdens was to place them on sledge which rested on a series of rollers.
SLEDGE ON ROLLERS
A simple sledge, probably man-drawn, was in use at the end of old Stone Age in northern Europe, is a vehicle mounted on runners drawn by work animals, such as horses or dogs, and used for transporting loads across ice, snow, and rough grounds.
SLEDGE ON RUNNERS
A type of sledge formerly used by North American Indians to carry goods, consisting of two joined poles pulled by a horse or dog.
TRAVOIS
The domestication of animals greatly increased the potential power available for transportation. Pack animals were introduced as conveyance mainly to save labor.
ANIMAL POWER
Cattle, which were domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used as draft animals to draw war chariots.
OX
These were first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of the Christian era.
REINDEER
The first animal domesticated, is too light to carry heavy loads.
DOG
First domesticated in the Middle East.
DONKEY
In pre-Columbian America, was the only new world animal other than dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
LLAMA
The Carthaginians used African elephant in their war against Rome but in recent centuries, these animals have not been tamed.
ELEPHANT
Around 2,000 B.C horse drawn chariots appeared in southwest Asia and 1,000 years later, the Persians arrived with cavalry which gave mobility and power to the German tribes who invaded Europe and to the Central Asian conqueror Genghis Khan.
HORSE
There are two kinds of camel, the two-humped Bactrian camel of Central Asia and the one-humped dromedary of Arabia have long been used for transport.
CAMEL
A long-haired type of cattle that lives at high altitudes on the Tibetan plateau and in the neighboring Mountain Regions is ridden and used as a pack animal at heights were horses and ordinary animal could not survive.
YAK
Was invented by the Sumerians such invention was a milestone and a great step forward in transportation.
WHEEL
Apparently developed from travois, appear to have been used in Mesopotamia and northern Iran in about 3,000 BC and two-wheel chariots appeared in about 2,800 BC. The were hauled by onagers, related to donkeys.
FIRST SIMPLE TWO-WHEELED CARTS
Developed about 2,500 BC, which were only suitable for oxen-haulage, and therefore were only used where crops were cultivated, particularly Mesopotamia.
HEAVY FOUR-WHEELED WAGONS
Appear to have been developed around 2,000 BC by the Andronovo culture in southern Siberia and Central Asia.
TWO-WHEELED CHARIOTS WITH SPOOKED WHEELS
This ancient cart represent an early step in the evolution of wheeled vehicles. Its solid wheel which were made of a single piece of wood, rotated on single axle.
SOLID WHEELS ON FIXED AXLE
These chariots, of about 2,400 B.C had solid wheels built up of three pieces, and so was more durable than the one-piece wheel.
SUMERIAN CHARIOTS WITH FLANK WHEELS
Drawn by four horses, was a light and elegant vehicle for gentleman about 250 B.C. It had spoked wheels and axles of irons or bronze, handles for aid in mounting, and seat formed by a board placed across the handles.
GREEK QUADRICA WITH SPOKED WHEELS
A closed, two-wheel cart, was the favored vehicle when Roman women journeyed outside the city.
ROMAN CARPENTUM
A travelling wagon in which the passengers were protected by a covering of leather or cloth fixed over a wooden framework.
ITALIAN COCCHO, 1288
Modern ancestors of the modern bicycle was the ___. The wheels were made of wood, with tires of iron, and the riders push themselves along with their feet on the ground.
HOBBY HORSE / DAN HORSE
Inventor of First Working Prototype of Bicycle.
PIERRE MICHAUX
In 1817 introduced a steerable wheel, creating the “draisienne” or dandy horse.
GERMAN BARON KARL VON DRAIS
A Scottish blacksmith, made the first machine with pedals, which were attached to and drove the rear wheel by means of cranks.
KIRKPATRICK MACMILLAN
Is designed to provide a flexible cover with an impermeable ling to contain and restrain the compressed air. This cover is provided with rubber tread portion that is designed to withstand the cutting and abrasive wear of road contact and to protect the tire against puncture and loss of air.
PNEUMATIC TIRES
Original inventor of the pneumatic tire and invented the actual first vulcanized rubber pneumatic (inflatable) tire.
ROBERT WILLIAM THOMSON
Invented vulcanized rubber in 1844 that was later used for tires. In 1843 discovered that if you remove the sulfur from rubber then heated it, it would retain its elasticity.
CHARLES GOODYEAR
A Scottish invented the first practical pneumatic tire for bicycle. His patent, granted in 1888, wasn’t for automobile tires, however, instead it was intended to create tires for bicycle.
JOHN BOYD DUNLOP
In 1895, was the first person to use pneumatic tires on an automobile, however, not successfully.
ANDRE MICHELIN
The first theoretical plan for a motor vehicle has been drawn up by both ___.
LEONARDO DA VINCI & ISAAC NEWTON
In 1769, the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by ___.
NICOLAS-JOSEPH CUGNOT
Was a French inventor who built the world’s first full-size and working self-propelled mechanical land-vehicle. In 1765 he began experimenting with working models of steam-engine-powered vehicles for the French Army, intended for transporting cannons.
NICOLAS-JOSEPH CUGNOT
Effectively the first world’s automobile.
FARDIER A VAPEUR
British mechanical engineer invented the first steam powered locomotive (high pressure steam) designed for roads and constructed the world’s first steam railway locomotive. (1803)
RICHARD TREVITHICK
Is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning combustible material - usually coal, wood, or oil - to produce steam in a boiler.
STEAM LOCOMOTIVE
In 1803, designed the first car powered by the de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine that was fueled by hydrogen.
HAYDEN WISCHETT
He invented a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine with electric ignition and described it in a French patent published in 1807. In 1808 he fitted it into a primitive working vehicle - “the worlds first internal combustion powered automobile”.
FRANCOIS ISAAC DE RIVAZ
A Belgian inventor who devised the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine.
ETIENNE LENOIR
Motorcycle invented in 1867. A motorcycle is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle powered by an engine. The earliest motorcycle was a coal-powered, two-cylinder, steam-driven motorcycle.
SYLVESTER HOWARD ROPER
In 1885, a German mechanical engineer designed and built the world’s first practical automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine.
KARL BENZ
Pioneered the manufacture of Gas Engines.
NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO & GOTTLIEB WILHEIM DAIMLER
Was a German engineer who successfully developed the compressed charge internal combustion engine which ran on petroleum gas and led to the modern internal combustion engine.
NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO
Was a German engineer, he was a pioneer of internal combustion engines and automobile development. He invented high-speed liquid petroleum-fueled engine and he became a successful automobile manufacturer.
GOTTLIEB WILHEIM DAIMLER
A German engineer, develop an internal combustion engine which is similar with gasoline engine but requires no electrical ignition system or carburettor and use other form of liquid fuel, the diesel fuel.
RUDOLF DIESEL
In 1908, introduced the model T, which was proved popular that by 1914, had adopted mass production methods to meet the demand.
HENRY FORD
1956, a German mathematician, developed an advanced type of engine, named after him, that operates very differently from gas and diesel engines. It is started by moving crankshaft.
FELIX WANKEL
