midterm Flashcards
What is the shift from hunting and gathering to farming called?
Neolithic Revolution
Domestication allowed for humans to do what?
produce their own food
What allowed for social classes to be created
specialization of labor
In which area were the first civilizations created?
Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent
What was the first civilization?
Sumerians
What was Sumerian writing called?
cuneiform
What age followed the New Stone Age?
Bronze Age
Name the accomplishments of the Babylonian Empire..
Hammurabi’s code
Which weapon did the Hittites improve which changed the way war was waged?
three person chariot
What metal did the Hittites use before most other civilizations?
iron
How did the Assyrian kings keep the peace in their vast kingdom?
instilled fear, strong military
What civilization created the first alphabet?
Phoenician’s
What made Judaism different from all other religions in the world at the time of its emergence?
monotheistic
Name three patriarchs of Judaism
Jacob, Abraham, and Isaac
Who led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery?
Moses
What religion came out of the Persian Empire?
Zoroastrianism
Egypt became monotheistic during the reign of who?
Akhenaten
Which Egyptian pharaoh restored the worship of the traditional gods?
King Tut
Why did the Egyptians bury possessions with their dead?
Ka for the afterlife
What was the writing system of the Egyptians?
Hieroglyphics
Why did the people of India depend on the monsoons?
for fertile land
Name two most well planned Indus Valley cities that archaeologists discovered.
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Why do scholars believe that the Indus civilization was a single society rather than a collection of independent city-states?
common designs in tools, weights and measures, and city structure
What is reincarnation?
Atman will be released from the body and later born into another
What did the Buddha teach?
The Middle Way and the Eightfold Path
What do the Four Noble Truths teach?
the truths of life
How did mountains, deserts and hills help the Chinese thrive?
isolation
Some of the oldest exampled of Chinese writing were left by Shang priests on what?
oracle bones
What does the presence of valuable items and sacrificed prisioners of war in Shang royal tombs indicates what?
belief in afterlife
What did Confucius believe?
love, respect to elders
When did Muhammad become a prophet?
when spoken to by Gabriel
Name the Four Noble Truths
suffering is a part of life, suffering comes from desires, overcome desires is overcoming suffering, follow the Eightfold Path
What is Ramadan?
fasting
The Muslim place of worship is called what?
mosque
Why did Muslim society remain intact after the major dynasties/caliphates declined?
Islam is a part of everyday life
Muslim paintings often include?
geometric patterns and floral designs
Who were the Sunni and the Shia?
Sunni- followers of others Shia- followers of Muhammad
What is calligraphy?
beautifully styles writing
What is one of the most famous Arab pieces of writing called?
Arabian Nights
What did Homer write?
The Iliad and the Odyssey
Where did Alexander the Great’s empire cover?
Greece to the Indus River
Which person moved Rome to a republic to empire?
Julius Caesar
Which emperor helped the spread of Christianity?
Constantine
Why do historians know little of the Minoan society?
cant read their writing
Who were the first Greeks according to historians?
Mycenaeans
What was the basic political unit of Ancient Greece
polis
Why did Sparta have such an important emphasis on war?
to keep order of society
Who developed the world’s first democracy?
Athens
What was the result of the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta won; Athens was close to destruction
Name the 3 big philosophers of Ancient Greece?
Socrates, Plato, Aristotlw
Why was the Law of Twelve Tables important?
written down in public
What did the Romans require of their conquered lands/
troops and taxes
What are characteristics of the Pax Romana
stable government, strong legal system, widespread peace
Who was the First Triumvirate?
Crassus, Caesar, Pompey
Paul of Tarsus transformed Christianity into a universal religion by attractin who?
non jews
