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AOP OA I > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

An age-related hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

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2
Q

What is this?
* Age-related hearing loss
* Difficulty hearing high frequencies
* Diminished ability for pitch/tone threshold
* Most age-related hearing loss is sensorineural
* Interferes with ability to interact with environment (social and physical)
* Diminished speech reception, discrimination, and understanding

A

Presbycusis

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3
Q

T or F: does economic circumstance have an effect on longevity, with wealthy surviving longest?

A

true

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4
Q

ambiguity of older adults: wise and revered or foolish and burdensome?

A

aattitudes

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5
Q

More clarity in agrarian societies?
Contemplation or action?

A

roles

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6
Q

Generational experiences (ex: historical events) affect attitudes, roles, and expectations

A

cohort effects.

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7
Q

Young old age range

A

55-75

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8
Q

middle old age range

A

76-85

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9
Q

oldest old

A

85+

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10
Q

social and behavioral determinants of health in aging: risk factor screening

A

Individual characteristics and experiences
Low education
Poverty
SES
Food insecurity
Depression
Tobacco use
Alcohol abuse
Low physical activity
Lack of a partner (social connection)
Genetics
Personality Traits
Adaptability & emotional regulation
Coping skills
Belief & expectations

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11
Q

T or F: women live longer

A

true

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12
Q

T or F: women more likely. to be frail or disabled later in life

A

True

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13
Q

T or F: women are more likely to live in poverty

A

true

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14
Q

T or F: men more likely to struggle with absence of work role

A

true

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15
Q

environment with strong social supports but difficult to access services

A

rural

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16
Q

Environment that tens to have a lower SES but closer to resources and transportations

A

Urban

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17
Q

Environment with higher SES but some difficulty with transportation

A

Suburban

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18
Q

Sociocultural impacts of environment on aging

A

Societal attitudes
Cultural beliefs and values about aging
Financial supports
Access to care
Financing care

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19
Q

Other things to consider for impact of environment on aging

A

Aging in place
Migration
Homelessness
Institutionalization
Transportation
Safety

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20
Q

2 important population trends

A

(1) number of elders worldwide is increasing
(2) change in demographic structure is becoming more “rectangular” (same amount of old & young people)

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21
Q

Positive aging contributions

A

Objective and subjective factors that incorporate successful aging, aging well, and optimal aging

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22
Q

Successful aging

A

outside voluntary control

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23
Q

Active aging

A

promotes vision of all individuals within 8 dimensions of wellness

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24
Q

8 dimensions of wellnesss

A

Emotional
Environmental
Financial
Intellectual
Physical
Social
Spiritual
Vocational

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25
Q

OT contribution to positive successful aging

A

Centrality of meaningful occupation: support function that allows for meaningful occupation

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26
Q

aged defined by theories aging

A

population of those categorized as elderly

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27
Q

aging defined by theories aging

A

developmental process

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28
Q

age defined by theories aging

A

dimension of structure and behavior

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29
Q

Stochastic theories of aging

A

Explains aging as a result of “insults” from environment

  • A biological theory
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30
Q

Biological theories of aging

A

Stochastic theories
Developmental-genetic theories
Evolutionary theories

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31
Q

Developmental genetic theories

A

Process of aging is “genetically controlled’

  • A biological theory
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31
Q

Evolutionary theories

A

Explains origin of giving as well as divergence of species life spans

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32
Q

Neuropsychologcial theories of aging

A

Age-related change
Neurodegenerative change

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33
Q

Age-related change

A

Neural structures are most vulnerable to aging process

  • Neuropsychologcial theories of aging
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34
Q

Neurodegenerative change

A

Age-linked changes produce observable degenerative deficits in cognitive functioning

  • Neuropsychologcial theories of aging
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35
Q

Psychological theories of aging

A

Lifespan development
Selective optimization with compensation
Socioemotional selectivity
Cognition & aging
Personality & aging

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36
Q

Selective optimization with compensation

A

Focus is on managing dynamics between gains and losses as one ages

  • Psychological theories of aging
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37
Q

Lifespan development

A

explains dynamic between biology & culture

  • Psychological theories of aging
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38
Q

Socioemotional selectivity

A

individuals reduce interactions with some people as they age and increases emotional closeness with significant others

  • Psychological theories of aging
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39
Q

Cognition & aging

A

age-related decline in fluid cognition

  • Psychological theories of aging
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40
Q

Personality & aging

A

extent and nature of personality stability

  • Psychological theories of aging
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41
Q

Client-centered approaches with older adults

A

Systems theory of motor control
Model of Human Occupation

  • how clients generalize and incorporate therapeutic strategies into daily life
  • theory guide practices, for example; how does helping a patient in a wheelchair to strengthen their arms help with bathing? … tub transfer. … function!
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42
Q

Systems theory of motor control

A

Motor movement can only be understood as an interaction of internal and external forces acting on body

  • Client-centered approaches with older adults
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43
Q

Model of Human Occupation

A

Occupational participation, or engagement in work, leisure, or ADLs, comprises 3 interrelated components: volition, habituation, and performance capacity

  • Client-centered approaches with older adults
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44
Q

ICF Domains

A

Health condition: disorder, disease

Body function & body structure: function of body system or anatomical body parts
- abnormalities of function or structure are referred to as impairments

Activities: execution of a task or activity
- difficulties at activity level (activity is at center of chart) are labeled as activity limitations

Participation: life situation/ societal perspective of functioning
- difficulties at participation level (activity at middle right of chart) labeled as participation restrictions

Environmental factors

Personal factors

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45
Q

Healthy people 2030: Objectives for OA

A
  • improve and sustain health for all Americans and address community needs
  • a “call to action” for next 10 years
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46
Q

Underappreciated public health risks

A

Social isolation and loneliness

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47
Q

Demographic trends contributing to social isolation and loneliness

A
  • increased people living alone
  • decreased marriage rate
  • decreased community involvement

Mediators – explains how social isolation of loneliness affects health outcomes

Moderators – factors that influence magnitude of effect of social isolation and loneliness

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48
Q

Medicare part A

A

hospitalization, SNFs, home care, home health care, hospice

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49
Q

Medicare part C

A

Medicare advantage

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50
Q

Medicare part B

A

Physicians and HC providers

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51
Q

Medicare part D

A

Meds

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52
Q

What parts of Medicare are relevant to OT/PT and other therapists?

A

part A, B, C

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53
Q

Jimmo v Sebelius

A

Functional maintenance and delayed decline as outcome covered

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54
Q

Medicaid

A

LTC only covered if no financial resource

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55
Q

Older Americans Act

A

Area agencies on aging, senior meal programs

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56
Q

Models of advocacy: theories guiding development

A

empowerment theory & strength-based theory

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57
Q

Empowerment theory

A

developing skills to advocate for themselves

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58
Q

Strength-based theory

A

capable of change and growth

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59
Q

Therapist role in advocacy

A

Responsibility to advocate for policies that will assist their patients
- establish supporting data
- educational efforts with legislators and clients
- help clients learn to advocate for themselves
- communicate with legislators

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60
Q

occupational justice

A

A belief that everyone should have access to and support for engaging in meaningful occupations

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61
Q

meaningful occupation

A

core of human experience

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62
Q

occupational value

A

individuals assessment of importance of activity that can inform meaning

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63
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)

A

Recognition that an OA needs to alter occupation to optimize function

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64
Q

Evaluation of meaning

A

COPM
Life satisfaction index
Engagement in meaningful activities survey

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65
Q

Interventions to promot meaning

A

Wellness
Meaningful occupation
Reminiscence
Life review
Spirituality
Promote mental health, social functioning, functional status, and physical function

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66
Q

Physical changes in aging process

A

Atrophy, dystrophy, edema –> decreased accuracy, speed, range, endurance, coordination, stability, strength; loss of bone mass, sarcopenia

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67
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass

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68
Q

sensory changes

A

visual
hearing
vestibular
taste changes
olfactory changes
somatosensory

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69
Q

Reduced visual acuity, decreased accommodation, adjusting to illumination, resisting to glare, changes in color sensitivity
- interferes with ability to interact with environment

A

visual changes

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70
Q

Presbycusis (age-related loss; mostly sensorineural) that is difficulty hearing high frequencies
- diminished speech reception, discrimination, and understanding
- interferes with ability to interact with environment

A

Hearing loss

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71
Q

Loss of receptor organs; postural sway; wide gait; unsteady walking; alterations in righting, presbyasmasis (age-related disequilibrium)
- interferes with functional mobility

A

Vestibular changees

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72
Q

Decreases in taste, taste and saliva; dental problems, mild dysgeusia

A

taste changes

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73
Q

Decline in threshold for sensitivity

A

olfactory

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74
Q

Decreased tactile sensitivity, temperature sensitivity, kinesthetic sensitivity, peripheral NS
- leads to safety risks and diminished fine motor skills

A

Somatosensory

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75
Q

More distractible, complex attention difficulty, word finding challenges, decreased processing speed, ST memory decreases, prospective memory decreases
- leads to safety risks

A

Higher level cognitive function changes

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76
Q

Geriatric syndrome

A

Incontinence, falls, dementia, malnutrition, functional decline
- risks include frailty, leads to poor outcomes like disability, dependence, LTC, death

77
Q

Evaluation of functional performance objectives

A
  • differentiate among various purposes and types of assessments & evaluations
  • describe need for a conceptual framework to guide assessment of functional performance
  • identify critical areas of functional performance that should be assessed in OA
  • describes factors, specifically that relate to OA that affect functional performance and need to be considered in assessment
78
Q

Evaluation of functional performance objectives - differentiate among various purposes and types of assessments & evaluations

A

descriptive evaluation
predictive assessment
outcome evaluation

79
Q

Evaluation of functional performance objectives - describe need for a conceptual framework to guide assessment of functional performance

A

changes in health status and increasing chronic disease lead to increasing difficulties in performing ADL and meaningful occupations

80
Q

Evaluation of functional performance objectives - identify critical areas of functional performance that should be assessed in OA

A

exercise capacity and tolerance
functional mobility
a person’s usual or actual performance of mobility
Overall function & disability
Performance difficulties in self-care, productivity, and leisure
Roles of importance
ADLs & IADLs
Home safety
Cognition

81
Q

Evaluation of functional performance objectives - describes factors, specifically that relate to OA that affect functional performance and need to be considered in assessment

A

complex vs. simple
performance based vs. patient reported outcomes
cost
fixed vs. computer adaptive
global vs. multidimensional
training & certification
standard vs. functional

82
Q

Objectives of service delivery and community-based OT practice

A

identify various multidimensional needs of community-based elders
describe different programs and settings in community for OAs
village model
program of all-inclusive, care for elderly

83
Q

Different barriers and challenges for OAs services in community

A

Systemic level (policy, economics)
Agency level (staff, funds, structure)
Individual (attitude, behavior)

84
Q

Strategies to facilitate OA participation in occupations to promote health & well-being

A

activity modification
diet & hydration
DME & adaptive equipment
energy conservation
Environmental modification
functional cognition assessments
Patient education
posture & positioning

85
Q

Innovative and creative roles for OT in community based practice for OA

A

Primary care — ADLs, IADLs, health promotion, wellness, cognitive strategies, stress reduction, caregiver assistance, self-management, safety

Community — consultant, direct provider/ case manager, advocate

Senior Center — consultant, education, address meaningful occupation and connectedness

86
Q

What is a fall?

A

An unintentional event resulting in a person coming to rest inadvertently on ground or other lower levelMo

87
Q

Most common fall injury

A

hip fracture

88
Q

Most common location of falls

A

Residence (bathroom, bedroom)
- more common descending stairs than ascending stairs

89
Q

Falls are common among people living in

A

LTC & hospitalization

90
Q

Fall complications

A

Increased mortality
Fractures
Head trauma
Musculoskeletal injury
Risk of “long lines”

91
Q

Fall considerations

A

height of fall
fracture risk
psychological injury
impact surface
protective reflexes
“long lines”

92
Q

intrinsic fall risks

A

Medical conditions
- chronic disease
- acute events
- medications
- malnutrition
- dehydration

93
Q

Extrinsic fall risk factors

A

Environment
- footwear
- time of day
- assistive devices
- where the activity is
- activity type
- polypharmacy
- physical environment

94
Q

Modifiable fall risk factors

A

Environment (mostly), community, policy, behavioral, and cognitive (mostly)

95
Q

Non-modifiable fall risk factors

A

Age-related and biological (mostly)

96
Q

Importance & relevance of fear of falling

A

Fear of falling –> stops being active –> physical weakness –> social isolation –> anxiety –> depression –> increased fall risk

97
Q

Key components of varied fall assessments

A

Vitals signs
Posture
Functional mobility (gait, getting up from chair, balance)
Focused neuro exam
Joint deformities/ instability & P/AROM
Cognition & depreession
Vision

98
Q

Elements of fall prevention strategies for OAs

A

Identification –> assessment –> management –> monitor & review
- multifactorial interventions are most successful

99
Q

Guarding strategies of falls

A

education and prevention
Exercise and strength training
postural sway
hip and ankle strategies
stepping and stumbling strategies
balanca and postural control

100
Q

Intrinsic fall prevention strategies

A

Restore/remediate - strength, flexibility, balance

Modify - ambulatory device, footwear

Promote - metacognition, address fear of falling

101
Q

Fear of falling intrvnetions

A

Improve balance and muscle strength, behavioral modification, eliminate environmental hazards, support systems, teach problem solving

102
Q

Extrinsic fall prevention strategies

A

Transporting items
Phone access
Exterior surfaces
Toilet, commode, urinal access
Stairways, railings, and treads

103
Q

Relationship between fall prevention and quality of life for OAs

A

Increased quality of life

104
Q

Frailty

A

A clinical syndrome where 3+ crtieria are present

105
Q

Frailty criteria

A

Unintentional weight loss
Self-reported exhaustion
Weakness
Slow walking speed
Low physical activity

106
Q

Increased state of vulnerability due to impairments in many systems that may give rise to a diminished ability to respond to even mild stresses and incorporates multi morbidity and CNS impairments

107
Q

Frailty phenotype is predictive (over 3 years) of incidence of falls, worsening mobility, or ADL disability, hospitalization, death

A

Fried phenotype

108
Q

How does frailty differ from disability?

A

Malnutrition, prolonged bedrest, dependence, gait

109
Q

Frailty - disability comorbidity

A

Disability is an outcome of frailty

110
Q

Characteristics of frailty

A

Weakness (specifically grip strength)
Slowness (gait speed)
Low activity (sedentary)
Poor endurance (exhaustion)
Shrinking (weight loss)

111
Q

Risk factors and implications of frailty on health outcomes

A

Poor surgical outcomes
Prolonged hospitalizations
Deconditioning
Faster functional decline
Other factors: depression, anxiety, cognitive function, income, living environment, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption

112
Q

Robost

A

0 characteristics of frailty

113
Q

Prefrail

A

1-2 characteristics of frailty

114
Q

Predeath

115
Q

Frail

A

3+ characteristics oof frailty

116
Q

Frailty assessments

A

Gait speed
5x sit-to-stand
Hand grip
Easycare 2-step OA screening
Short physical performance battery
Clinical frailty scale
Groningen frailty indicator questionnaire

117
Q

Frailty interventioons

A

ADL/IADL retraining
Home modification recommendation
Multidisciplinary approaches
Assistive devices/ adaptive equipment

118
Q

Implication of frailty on occupational performance and participation

A

Frailty is a distinct physiologic syndrome in OAs, not synonymous with age, disability, or comorbidity

Central features — weakness, poor endurance, slow performance
- targeting frail OAs can reduce falls, hospitalizations, worsening mobility, and ADLs, and mortality

119
Q

Role of OT in identifying and preventing frailty in OAS

A

Promote activity (health & wellness programs, physical activity & exercise)

Identify at risk & frail elders (delay & prevent adverse outcomes using targeted interventions: strength, functional mobility)

120
Q

Primary healthcare initiatives

A

Integrated accessible healthcare services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of healthcare needs

121
Q

Primary care

A

Element within primary health care that focuses on health care services; includes HC promotions, illness, ad injury prevention, and diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury

122
Q

Primary health care

A

Includes services delivered to individuals and population-level functions

123
Q

Models of care

A

Clinic
Outreach
Self-management
Community-based rehabilitation
Case management
Shared care

124
Q

Role of rehabiliation in primary care settings/ programs

A

Research, education, policy
Community education
Inter/intraprofessional opportunities

125
Q

Role of OT in working with OAs with chronic diseases in managing their health needs

A

Self-management training for chronic/psychiatric conditions
Pain management
Self-management education safety & fall prevention
Driving & community mobility
Redesign environments
Health promotion & prevention across lifespan
Individual education
Family & caregiver support

126
Q

Strategies & resources for health management

A

Physical activity program
Fall prevention programs
Nutrition program
Depression and substance use programs

127
Q

Role of OT in medication management and strategies to be utilized

A

Pill counts
Rates of prescription refills
Patient diaries
Electronic medication management

128
Q

Strategies to improve medication management

A

Recognize poor adherence
Enhance communication between MD & patient
CBT strategies
Self-monitoring strategies
Multifactorial approach
Reminder cues
Social supports (pharmacist, family, friends)

129
Q

How technology can be utilized to enhance health management and maintenance tasks?

A

Telehealth
Vital sign monitoring
Chronic disease management
Fall detection
Pain management
Wound care
Heart failure

130
Q

T or F: OTs should become familiar with evidence-based programs and resources for health management, health promotion, and maintenance tasks

131
Q

Tasks/ roles and potential opportunities for OAs as “lifelong learners”

A

Health literacy
Group education
Social connectedness
Sensory decline

132
Q

Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments for …

A

Hearing considerations
Visual considerations

133
Q

Hearing considerations & strategies - Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments

A

Environment modification
Rate & pitch
Distance
Size of group
Amplification of devices

Strategies:
- have client attention
- speak slow & clear: no shouting
- write any message for additional clarification
- use non-verbal communication and gestures
- check hearing aid function
- do not repeat; paraphrase, or phrase differently

134
Q

Visual considerations - Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments

A

Adequate lighting
Reducing glare
Avoid color coding with safety is a factor
Avoid abrupt changes in light
Large print for signs, directions, labels

Strategies:
- maintain distraction free environment
- lighting
- accessibility concerns
- acoustic materials
- consider using touch for communication & orientation
- sit close to client
- avoid sudden changes in body position/space

135
Q

Effective teaching strategies for community based settings, home care, and senior centers

A

Text size
Use of contrast
Bullet points/ lists
Simple line drawings
Location of where info is stored
Limited use of tables & charts
Use pics that are positive representations for OAs

136
Q

Hill-burton act

A

addressed design of federally funded hospital

137
Q

Architectural barriers act

A

Founded transportation board to study architectural design and develop standards and construction of accessible buildings

138
Q

Rehabilitation act

A

Found access board to enhance accessibilityy

139
Q

IDEA

140
Q

Telecommunication act

A

Videoconferencing & accessible comms services

141
Q

ADA: Sec 508

A

Website accessibility

142
Q

Affordable care act

A

Discrimination against people with disabilities is illegal

143
Q

Fair housing amendments act

A

Landlord cannot evict or disallow modifications for disabled tenants (tenants must pay for mods within apt; landlords must pay for mods to make building access accessible)

144
Q

Visibility

A

3 features including no-step entrance, minimum of 32in wide doorway, bathroom on first floor

145
Q

Changes to Physical environment ` process

A

policies and laws affect accessibility –> affects physical environment –> physical environment contributes to activity analysis –> analyze activity, consider context it occurs, social and cultural expectations, and plan an intervention

146
Q

Role of OT in environmental modifications

A

Analyze physical environment
Determine functional demands
Negotiate intervention options in collab with client

147
Q

Purpose of home assessments

A

Identify potential hazards
Identify challenge to function & safety
Evaluate fit between person, task, and environment

148
Q

Best practices for home assessments

A

Prioritize client centered evaluations
Shared decision making
Thoughtful analysis
Be patient & build rapport

148
Q

Overall goal of home assessments

A

Engage in occupation & participation in home
Facilitate aging in place

149
Q

Types of Home assessments

A
  • Self-report/ home safety checklist
  • Performance based assessment
  • Skilled analysis of supportive features
  • Web based assessment tools
  • PEOO assessment process
  • HEAP (Home environment assessment protocol)
  • IHOP (in-home occupational performance evaluation)
  • WeHSA (easy to use; westmead home safety assessment)
  • Safer home V3
  • COUGAR home safety assessment (CHSA)
  • HOME FAST
150
Q

Self-report/ home safety checklist

A

Pros: self-report, includes recommendations, quick screenings

Cons: few demonstrate reliability/ validity, focuses on hazards over environment

151
Q

Skilled analysis of supportive features of home assessments

A

Typically a skilled interview and observation

Pro: comprehensive, leads to tailored observations

Con: requires skilled professional, time consuming, needs team approach

152
Q

Web based home assessment tools

A

home for life design
silver spaces
live at homepro
HESTIApro/myHESTIA

153
Q

Home assessment PEO assessment process

A

Person:
Consider burden
Conditions
Goals

Neighborhood, house, yard:
Visitability
Social context
Areas/rooms used

154
Q

HEAP

A
  • assess home for people with dementia and caregivers for safety hazards
  • provide recommendations for home modifications
  • context: rehab, home health
  • PEO: revolves around caregiver, occupation centered, environment considered treatment modality
155
Q

I-HOPE (in-home occupational performance evaluation)

A

Measures in-home activity performance of P-E after home mod interventions

context: rehab, home health, home mod specialist

PEO: client centered, occupation orientation

  • uses card sort, identifies satisfaction and barriers to participation
156
Q

WeHSA (Westmead home safety assessment)

A
  • systematically identifies fall hazards
    Context: home health, home mod specialist
    PEO: client centered, occupation orientation
  • checklist to measure client relevancy
157
Q

Safer home V3

A
  • most common
  • assess client ability to carry out functional activity in home; measure effectiveness of home mods
  • Context: rehab, home health
  • PEO: occupational orientation
  • uses interview & observation of client participation in activity; assess safety risks
158
Q

COUGAR home safety assessment (CHSA)

A
  • assessment of home safety with focus on environmental safety
  • Context: acute, rehab, home health
  • PEO: environmental orientation
  • observation, testing, questioning for safety
159
Q

Home fast

A
  • screening
  • quick screen of safety areas of home
  • Context: home care
  • PEO: PeO
  • screen to identify fall risk
160
Q

If a client has a stroke and goals of tying their shoes what are some intervention approaches?

A

Reduce impairment
- 4 strategies: surgery, therapy, train/education, teach compensation strategies or adaptive techniques

Compensate for impairment

Use of assistive tech devices & services

Redesign activity

Redesign environment
- accessible design: meet minimum standards
- adaptable design: design for individual
- transgenerational design: accommodate for ages
- universal design: designed for people of all ages & abilities (equitable, flexible, simple, intuitive, perceptive, tolerance for error)

Use personal assistance

161
Q

Examples of assistive tech at home

A

Walking aid/wheelchairs
Robots
Screen readers
Voice recognition software
CCTVs
Braille output devices
Hearing aids
Amplification devices
Handheld computers
Auto-turn on/off devices
Timers/alarms

162
Q

Paying for device modifications

A

loans & grants
Non-profits
Veteran support funds
Medicaid

163
Q

Loans and grants to pay for home modifications

A

HUD property improvement loans, Rural housing repair loans and grants, Assistive living conversion program, Reverse mortgage

164
Q

Non-profits to pay for home modifications

A

Rebuilding together, Habitat for humanity

165
Q

Veteran support funds to pay for home modifications

A

HISA grat, SHA grant, SAH grant

166
Q

Gerotechnology

A

Assistive tech, services, home modifications = enhanced function, increased safety, and increased participation

Targets:
- home monitoring systems
- health management systems
- medication management
- home automation
- fall prevention
- caregiver burden

167
Q

Concepts associated with health and wellness for OAs

A

Well elderly
Wellness model

168
Q

Well elderly

A

OAs who reside in community who function independently by effectively coping with physical, psychological, and social changes

169
Q

Wellness model

A

Awareness of choices toward successful lifestyle
- principles address physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and occupational

170
Q

Factors that promote wellness

A

Genetics
Physical activity
Proper diet & nutrition
Social support
Spirituality
Perceived control & self-efficacy
Engagement in valued activity.
Established routine

171
Q

Prevention concepts

A

Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

172
Q

Primordial prevention

A

Social and economic policies effecting health

173
Q

Primary prevention

A

Risk factors that lead to injury/ disease (ex: safety belt laws, vaccines)
- prevention before symptomatic

174
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Injury/ disease one exposed to risk factor, but still in early/ “preclinical” stage
- asymptomatic but risk factor identified

175
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Rehabilitating person with injury/disease to reduce complications (ex: vocational rehab to retain workers after injury)
- intervention/direct service

176
Q

Characteristic of evidence based programs that support health and wellness for OAs

A

Health promotion
Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) aka motivational interviewing
Lifestyle redesign

177
Q

Health promotion

A
  • explores use of occupation for staying healthy: body, self environment
  • service delivery: individual, group, consultation
178
Q

Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) aka motivational interviewing

A

“Intentional change occurs over time –> when applies to OAs it promotes health”
- 5 stages: pre contemplation –> contemplation –> preparation –> action –> maintenance

179
Q

Lifestyle redesign

A

“Well elderly” study explored impact of occupation in aging population, geared towards improving health, QOL, and life satisfaction
- results: positive gains and fewer declines (less deterioration in OT group)

180
Q

Acute care and acute rehab setting

A

In-patient hospital

Medically stable and can handle 3 hours of therapy

In-patient acute rehab
Free-standing rehab

180
Q

Post-acute care/ subacute rehab

A

Subacute rehab
Long term care rehab

180
Q

Subacute rehab (SAR)

A

Philosophy: different than LTC
Roles: (1) OT role is similar to acute rehabilitation & (2) staff has different demands
Goal: increased independence by discharge whether it is home, assisted living, or SNF

180
Q

T or F: In both SAR & LTAC the patients cannot tolerate the conditions of acute care or acute rehab, but can still do some rehabilitation

180
Q

LTAC: long term acute care

A

Post-acute care, medically complex, and multi-system complication (ex: pt. may be ventilator dependent, have wounds, and tracheostomy)

181
Q

Intermediate/transitional care

A

Assisted living
Independent living

182
Q

T or F: in both assisted & independent living patient can still get some rehabilitation as needed

183
Q

T or F: in LTC, SNF, and NH the patient can still get some rehabilitation as needed

184
Q

SNF

A

Services medical needs of all residents

Interdisciplinary approach: OT, PT, SLP, social work, recreational therapy, chaplain

Biopsychosocial model: Wellness model & medicine that examines how 3 aspects. - biological, psychological, and social - occupy roles in relative health or disease

AOP OA I (2 decks)

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