Midterm

Question 1

How text is stored

Answer 1

Computers store and transmit characters. Processords dont know what a character is and instead store each as an integer

Question 2

Converting Binary to Hex

Answer 2

Since 16^1 = 2^4, a single hex character can represent a total of 4 bits. You want to convert every 4 bits to a single hexadecimal digit

Question 3

Hex Example: The number 7AC is…

Answer 3

(7x256) + (10x16) +(12x1)= 1964

Question 4

Bit

Answer 4

Every bit is one binary digit
- either 1 or 0
shorthand for bit is b

Question 5

Byte

Answer 5

Byte is a group of 8 bits
- ex 1101 0100
- shorthand for byte is B

Question 6

Characters

Answer 6

Each character has a unique value. Characters adn their matching values are a character set

Question 7

Character Sets

Answer 7

Includes character sets like ASCII or EBCDIC

Question 8

What is Memory?

Answer 8

Memory is essentially an enormous array. Sometimes referred to as storage and stores both running programs and their related data.

Question 9

Memory Addresses

Answer 9

Memory is divided into a storage location that can hold 1byte (8 bits). Each can be accessed using an address

Question 10

Address

Answer 10

unique value that refers to that specific byte. used to locate the exact byte the processor wants. each address is conceptually the same as an index in arrays

Question 11

CPU

Answer 11

The Central Processing Unit is the most complex part of t he computer and is divided into two units
1. Control Logic Unit
2. Execution Unit

Question 12

CLU

Answer 12

Control Logic Unit controls the processor. It determines when instructions can be executed and controls internal operations
-fetch & decode instructions
-invisible to running programs

Question 13

EU

Answer 13

Execution unit contains the hardware that executes tasks (your programs)

Question 14

ALU

Answer 14

Arithmetic Logic Unit is part of the EU and performs all calculationis and comparisons

Question 15

Registers

Answer 15

All computations are performed using registers. A register is a location on the processor iteslf that is used to store temporary data.

Question 16

GPR

Answer 16

General Purpose Registers dont have specific purpose. They are designed to be used by programs however they are needed

Question 17

IP

Answer 17

Instruction Pointer also called the program counter. Keeps track of the address of your running program

Question 18

Status Register

Answer 18

contains boolean information about the processors current state

Question 19

IR

Answer 19

Instruction Register stores the current instruction being executed

Question 20

Register File

Answer 20

All the related registers are grouped into a register file

Question 21

Third Generation Language

Answer 21

Languages like java, python and c++

Question 22

Instructions

Answer 22

Series of simple tasks that processors can perform

Question 23

Instruction Set

Answer 23

Defines all the available instructions

Question 24

64-Bit Registers

Answer 24

RAX 64
- EAX 32
- AX 16
- AH, AL 8
.
.
.
RDX
RDI
- EDI
- DI
- DIL
RSI
RBP
RSP

R8 64
- R8d 32
- R8w 16
- R8b 8
.
.
.
R15