MIDTERM Flashcards by MECAELA AGUILLON

What is compensatory lens?

the lens that restores standard (20/20, 6/6, 1.0) visual acuity at distance

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What is treatment lenses?

A lens that reduces visual stress, treatment of visual conditions, any add that is not directly related to aging

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Activities to improve VA in amblyopic eye

Monocular activities to improve acuity

Binocular activities may also be prescribed

Monocular therapies added to binocular activities

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Treatment option for strabismus

No treatment
Lenses
Prisms
Occlusion
Surgery
Referrals

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To determine the amount of nasal occlusion to use

Sector occlusion

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Occlusion for Exo

Bi-temporal occlusion

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Foil to use in sector occlusion

Bangerter occlusion foils

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Occlusion for Eso

Bi-nasal occlusion

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Constant exotropia may take

4-6 months

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Constant esotropia may take

6-12 months

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Intermittent exotropia may take

1-2 months

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Intermittent esotropia may take

2-4 months

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Colored lights used to help stimulate the visual system while also changing the brain’s biochemistry

Syntonic

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Spectrum that stimulates sympathetic nervous system

Red

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Spectrum that activates parasympathetic nervous system

Indigo

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Neurovisual stimulator

Eye relax

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Enhances the focusing mechanism

Eye relax

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Examples of syntonics

Eye relax
Electronic metronome

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Stimulates the photoreceptors in the retina

Eye relax

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Provides an auditory component to therapy to maximize effectiveness

Electronic metronome

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Accommodative tests

AA
Push-up method
Accommodative Facility test
PRA/NRA

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Failure to clear target with -2.00D monocularly- suggests weakness of

Accommodation

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Failure to clear +2.00D- suggests

Inadequate ability to relax accommodation

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Lenses used in flippers

-2.00 and +2.00 lenses

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Therapies for ocular pursuits

Manual pursuits Groffman tracing Marsden ball

Therapies for saccades

Manual saccades Hart chart Wayne sacaddic fixator AN star

An automated device that presents a lighted target for fixation

Wayne saccadic fixator

The patient shifts fixation from one number to the next.

AN star

Distance of large hart chart

3m away

Distance of small hart chart

40cm away

Classical VT for strab/amblyopia

Equalize monocular skills Biocular Binocular

1st degree fusion

Simultaneous perception

2nd degree of fusion

Flat fusion

3rd degree fusion

Fusion with depth/stereo

Monocular skills

DEM King devick test Wayne sacaddic fixator Groffman visual training Marsden ball Hart chart

helpful in training athletes

Pegboard dic rotator

Train pursuit eye movement

Pegboard disc rotator

Central fixation to improve attention

SVI

Developing visual memory and response to auditory and visual signal

SVI

Sequence Saccades

Pegboard

Fine motor control

Threading

Develop perceptual skills like discrimination, figure ground, visual memory

Puzzles

Eye tracking Eye-hand coordination

Bean bags

Purpose of walking rail

Helpful for patients with tracking problems and perceptual difficulties

Used to test and train spatial integration

Balance board

Example of body bilaterality

Walking rail Balance board Angels in the snow Chalkboard circles

The stage when both eyes are used at the same time while viewing objects at diﬀerent points in space.

Biocular phase

Training to eliminate the tendency to see intermittently with one eye at a time, even though both eyes are open

Cheiroscope training

To provide the patient with the opportunity to have the necessary meaningful experience to have better knowledge about where they are centering in space

Van Orden Star

Both sides come to a point beyond 40mm indicating

Eso posture

Point on one side is higher than parallel line and other is lower than parallel line indicates

Vertical deviation

Central points poorly formed indicating

Problem with central processing

Single color charts are for

MFBF training

Multi-color charts

Provide suppression

Provides letter and number matrix for testing and accommodative vision training

Near and far chart

Procedure for red-green bar reading

Place bar reader over any reading material or screen vertically while wearing polarized or R/G glasses. Keep all bars visible at all times. If any set of bars ever turn black, blink.

These charts monitor suppression when used with R/G glasses. Can be used together for near-far jumps

GTVT anti-suppression charts

The cards make fusion therapy for the amblyopes, strabismics and suppressors

Sherman red/green playing cards

Base out demand

Convergence

Base in demand

Divergence

Used in vision therapy to practice seeing with both eyes while moving them together

Trananaglyph

Trananaglyph with 1 circle

Peripheral fusion

Trananaglyph with 2 circles

Peripheral fusion and stereopsis

Trananaglyph with 2 circles and a square and an X in the middle

Peripheral, central fusion and stereopsis

used to test and train vertical and lateral phorias, and suppresion.

1st degree: Simultaneous perception

Examples of first degree fusion

Cheiroscope Van orden star

Requires fusable targets/within the range of motor ability, similar contours and same lateral separation

2nd degree: flat fusion

Ability to interpret monocular cues such as parallax, texture, and velocity

3rd degree: Stereopsis

Uses the principle of SILO Uses polaroid glasses

Vectograms

SILO

Smaller in, larger out

As you increase BO demand, target appears

Smaller

As you increase BI demand, target appears

Larger

Fused target appears to float ABOVE the actual target

Convergence

Fused target appears to float BEHIND the actual target

Divergence

Requires non-fusable targets with no contours or with non similar contours seen with both eyes at the same time

First degree fusion

Tests for stereoacuity

Randot stereotest, stereofly test, random dot e stereo test, stereobutterly

Motor fusion training

Brock string Trananaglyph Vectograms Aperture rule Life saver cards Barrel convergence test Eccentric circle

Vision therapy tool that gives immediate feedback whether a patient is using both eyes when focusing near and far

Brock string

convergence, divergence training

Life saver cards

Training card has three red targets printed in exact opposition to three green targets.

Barrel convergnce cards

Help train vergence and accommodation simultaneously

Aperture rule

Train patients with shallow to moderate suppression

Aperture rule