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Religious Studies > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

Theology vs. Religious Studies

A

Theology focuses on having faith in a god whereas religious studies focuses investigating specific religions

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2
Q

Insider-Outsider Problem

A

-the problem within religious studies is the difference between being an insider and an outsider in a religion and who knows the religion better

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3
Q

Comparison, Sameness, Difference

A

-Comparison: the intellectual act of negotiating sameness and difference, in a set of observations
-Sameness: describes the fact that a set of observations resemble one another or seem related
-Difference: describes the fact that a set of observations do not resemble on another, but seem distinct

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4
Q

Axial Age

A

-Term from Karl Jasper
-describes 800 to 200 BCE in which similar new ways of thinking appeared in Persia, India, China, and the Western World
-Great intellectual and religious developments across many civilizations
-“During this period of intense, creativity, spiritual, and philosophical geniuses pioneered and entirely new kind of human experience”

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5
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

-the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object
-jesus had abs?

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6
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in many gods

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7
Q

Diffusion theory

A

religious complex found in one place came from another place through migration, trade, war, or other forms of travel

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8
Q

Euhemerism

A

the theory that the gods had originally been human beings who were worshipped in their own lives for their accomplishments and were later divinized as local gods

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9
Q

Evolutionary monotheism

A

-the historical phenomenon of polytheistic systems developing into an accompanying monotheistic system
-people believing in many gods developing into believing that there is only one god

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10
Q

Monotheistic religions

A

-Judaism
-Christianity
-Islam

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11
Q

Revolutionary monotheism

A

a type of monotheism that denies the existence of other gods rather than seeing them as expressions of its own cosmic god

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12
Q

cosmotheism

A

a religious system that understands the physical universe to be a god and posits local gods as partial manifestations of this cosmic god

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13
Q

Panentheism

A

-god transcends the universe and is within it
-ex: god is present in nature like in Yosemite

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14
Q

Pantheism

A

the belief that god is everything
ex: god is the tree

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15
Q

Islam

A
  • a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), paradise and hell, and a body of law written in the Quran
    -Followers are called muslims
    -Islam - submission (to god)
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16
Q

Islam inclusive/exclusive attitude toward other religions

A

-inclusive towards muslims, christians, zoroastrians, manicheans, and jews = people of religion
-exlcusive towards followers of indian thought and greek phiolosophies
sabeans: they depend on their own opinions instead of sacred books = people of opinion
-can either convert to islam or be killed under muslim rule

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17
Q

religions vs. ways and paths

A

-religion is a strict thing you follow with stories, practices, and rituals
-ways and paths you can pick and choose different virtues from different religions, would likely be more peaceful and less divisive

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18
Q

Religion vs consciousness

A

consciousness is the experience of humanities and awareness vs religions is already made up and you just follow it

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19
Q

divine humanity

A

-to be human is to be divine
-humans are made in the image and lightness of god, and running with it

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20
Q

Reformation (and sola scriptura) - impact on the study of religion

A

-Reformer Martin Luther, scripture alone tradition of the catholic church needs to be tossed out
-another step paving the way to modern religious studies because it’s chipping away from the authority of the church that controls everything
-once thrown out people can interpret all over the place and go wild with it with multiple interpretations - opened a bigger can of worms that Martin Luther intended

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21
Q

Panpsychism

A

the belief that everything in the universe experiences consciousness

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22
Q

Enlightenment

A

-A philosophical movement that started in Europe in the 1700’s and spread to the colonies
-It emphasized reason and the scientific method
-Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion.
-Many members of the enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God

23
Q

Deism

A

-The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s).
-Followers believed that God existed and had created the world but afterward he left it
-Denied that god communicated to man or in any way influenced his life = theres so much evil that god can’t be present in this

24
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

-dare to know
-one must break away from religious and political authorities, if one truly wants to think for oneself and be enlightened
-can only have knowledge through your own personal experience

25
Q

mystical humanism

A

-renaissance scholars who were avid students of Western mysticism and magic
-valued scholarship and the interpretation of scientific texts but rejected logical rational methods of philosophy

26
Q

humanity is the studies of consciousness coded in culture

A

you study consciousness through artifacts history culture etc

27
Q

Aldous Huxley

A

“Brave New World” argued for the compatibility of all spiritual systems

28
Q

Pico della Mirandola

A

-humanist figure who wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man
-emphasized potential for human greatness
-human nature is defined by freedom and creativity and not instinct and biology

29
Q

William James

A

-psychologist
-chief inspiration of the comparative study of religion
-emphasis on mysticism

30
Q

Romantic Reversal (and William Blake)

A

-god is, indeed made in image of man, but man is also made in the image of God. It’s a circle or a mirror, a turn or flip of enlightenment reason for the romantic reversal
-he is the only God and so are you
-poet that believed that human nature lies behind everything and encoded the both and structure of comparative thought
-theres no god at all we just project our imagination into the universe

31
Q

Projection Theory

A

a model of religion that believes the gods are expressions of human nature and are external to human beings

32
Q

Historical-critical method and Biblical Study

A

-apply the same methods to your own tradition that you would apply to those of others
-read a religion text by contextualizing as a historical product of a particular time and place

33
Q

Max Muller and linguistics

A

father of comparative religions can’t interpret religion if you only know one need to know multiple religions to fully understand

34
Q

spirituality

A

signal a personal way of relating to the divine

35
Q

Karl Marx and false consciousness

A

-religion keeps you from reality by focusing on non-existent fantasies
-religion is the ultimate trick to keep the economically and socially oppressed people down
-pretty much everything you believe is a byproduct of false consciousness
-different socioeconomic classes determine different forms of human consciousness

36
Q

Altered states of consciousness

A

-same parts of the brain go off when doing religious practice and drugs
-experienced as radically other than the social ego

37
Q

Abington School District v Schempp (1963) and Religious Studies Departments

A

-Supreme court decision allowing religious studies in public/state education but not “theology”
-it led to the founding of departments of religious studies

38
Q

history of religions

A

branch of the study of religion that emphasizes the comparison of religious forms, often of an extreme nature, across large stretches of space and time

39
Q

Both/And (purple pill)

A

-blue pill back to false consciousness
-red to awaken to reality
-purple is both pills waking up to reality, but also realizing that you have this reflexivity

40
Q

reflexivity

A

human ability o thinking about thinking, reflect on reflection, become aware of awareness, and free unconsciousness from society and ego

41
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

42
Q

principle of extremity

A

-we will best understand the deepest dynamics or religious experience by focusing on the most
-extreme and extraordinary instances: the extreme and extraordinary focus and magnified dynamics and patterns that are otherwise invisible in the more durable or ordinary range of religious experience

43
Q

kripals definition of religion

A

stories, rituals, practices that have been built up over time as people have encounters with the divine

44
Q

tylor def of religion

A

belief in spiritual beings

45
Q

james def of religion

A

-discussion consciousness and BOTH AND thinking adding actions, experience, and feelings
-includes other beings because it is not just about god, about divinity
-Missing community

46
Q

durkeim def of religion

A

-founding father of sociology
-nothing about god or spiritual beings
-moral community

47
Q

geertz def of religion

A

-order of existence
-fact>fiction
-doesn’t have the same aura of realism and factuality when reading religious texts compared to works of fiction
-creates moods and manifestations
-playing it safe

48
Q

secularism

A

an indifference to religion and a belief that religion should be excluded from civic affairs and public education

49
Q

sacred

A

-that which is special or set apart from the ordinary
-often experienced as a power or presence at once terrifying and attractive

50
Q

religious experience

A

-william james considered religious experience to be primary and less prone to external manipulation
-experience can be separated from public institution, tradition, and culture

51
Q

ancient wisdom narrative

A

-not just the bible but the other texts have wisdom about what it means to be human and in renaissance they weren’t just shackled to reading the bible
-in all these different cultures there’s more to look into instead of just the bible

52
Q

Christianity, Orthodoxy, and Heterodoxy, and inclusive/exclusive attitudes

A

monotheistic = more exclusive than inclusive
eastern/polytheistic = more inclusive than exclusive

53
Q

Jared Diamond, “Guns, Germs, and Steel,” and relation to religion and ways/paths

A

-Diamond argues that it is a bunch of shared ideas
-ways/paths: synthesizing religions and picking what we identify with most we will become the best versions of ourselves

54
Q

Tylor/Frazer’s theory that the history of religion moves from either

A

-animism to religion to science
or
-magic to religion to science

Religious Studies (2 decks)

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