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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

A latin word of personality that means masks for actors

A

Personality

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2
Q

Individual differences in characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

A

Personality

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3
Q

Reaffirming self values allows for more latitude in dealing with problems and situation

A

Self-affirmation

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4
Q

Focused on uncovering general principles of personality using correlation and experiment. Conducted in academic setting

A

Academic psychology

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5
Q

Precursor/proponent of academic psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

Research on individuals by the way methods such as case study. Conducted in the Therapeutic or clinical environment

A

Clinical practice

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7
Q

Making assumptions

A

Philosophy

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8
Q

Formulating hypothesis

A

Science

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9
Q

Quality of measuring what a construct is suppose to measure

A

Validity

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10
Q

Consistency of scores over time

A

Reliability

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11
Q

Avoidance of subject bias

A

Objectivity

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12
Q

Measure personality characteristics by means of questionnaires developed with statistics ang theoretical techniques

A

Psychometric test

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13
Q

Pretention of ambiguous stimulus and expectation of expression of personal attitudes, feelings, etc.

A

Projective

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14
Q

Helping individual to change, improve and grow for the betterment of the quality of life

A

Ethical

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15
Q

Wondering troublesome symptoms and substituting more suitable behavior

A

Curative

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16
Q

Famous for sex and aggression, theory spread beyond Viennese origins. Freud’s command of the language.

A

Psychoanalysis

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17
Q

He relied more in deductive reasoning than on research. Did not qualify his data

A

Sigmund Freud

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18
Q

Contains drives, instincts, urges that are beyond our awareness but nonetheless motivate our thoughts, words, feelings and actions. Although one may be aware of overt behaviors, we may not always be aware of the mental processes behind them.

A

Unconscious

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19
Q

Creates anxiety which stimulates

A

Suppression

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20
Q

what a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period; become preconscious when a person shifts to another Idea

A

Conscious perception

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21
Q

when they slip past the censor; appear in a disguised form

A

Unconscious

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22
Q

Relatively minor role in Freud’s theory. Mental elements in awareness at any given point

A

Conscious

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23
Q

tumed toward the outer world and acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli

A

Perceptual conscious system

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24
Q

No contact with reality. The PLEASURE PRINCIPLE. Sole purpose is to seek pleasure

A

Id

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25
Q

Only region of the mind in contact with reality. The DECISION MAKING or the EXECUTIVE BRANCH of personality

A

Ego

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26
Q

Represents the MORAL AND IDEALISTIC PRINCIPLES (or aspects of personality). No contact with the outside world; unrealistic in its demands for perfection

A

Superego

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27
Q

Results when the ego acts/intends to act contrary to the moral standards of the superego

A

Guilt

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28
Q

Happens when ego fails to meet superego’s standards for perfection

A

Feelings of inferiority

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29
Q

Its aim is SEXUAL PLEASURE, not limited to genital satisfaction

A

Sex

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30
Q

infants are primarily self-centered, with libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego

A

Primary narcissism

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31
Q

Happens during adolescence. Occupied with personal appearance and other self-interests; moderate degree of self-love

A

Secondary narcissism

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32
Q

second manifestation of eros

A

Love

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33
Q

need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

A

Sadism

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34
Q

common need; becomes a perversion when eros becomes subservient to the destructive drive

A

Masochism

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35
Q

The aim is to return to the organism into an inorganic state

A

Aggression

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36
Q

Final aim of aggressive drive

A

SELF-DESTRUCTION

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37
Q

repression of strong hostile impulse and overt and obvious expression of the opposite tendency

A

Reaction formation

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38
Q

Felt affective, unpleasant state accompanied by physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger

A

Anxiety

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39
Q

apprehension about an unknown danger. exists in the ego but originates from id impulses

A

Neurotic anxiety

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40
Q

from the conflict between ego and superego

A

Moral anxiety

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41
Q

closely related to fear

A

Realistic anxiety

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42
Q

First introduced by Freud but was further developed by Anna Freud.

A

Defense mechanism

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43
Q

are established in order to avoid dealing directly with sexual and aggressive Impulses and to define itself from the anxieties that go with it

A

Defense mechanism

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44
Q

Pushing painful or unacceptable thoughts, memories, or emotions into the unconscious mind. For instance, a person who experienced childhood trauma may have no conscious recollection of the event

A

Repression

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45
Q

Expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings or desires because the true feelings are too anxiety-provoking. For example, someone who harbors feelings of dislike or jealousy toward another person may go out of their way to express exaggerated friendliness or admiration toward them.

A

Reaction formation

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46
Q

Redirecting one’s emotions or impulses from the original source toward a less threatening target. For instance, a person who is angry with their boss may come home and yell at their spouse or children.

A

Displacement

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47
Q

Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to others. For example, someone who is dishonest may accuse others of being untrustworthy.

A

Projection

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48
Q

Extreme form of projection

A

Paranoia

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49
Q

Adopting beliefs or values of others without critical evaluation. Example: A person uncritically adopts their parents’ political views without questioning them.

A

Introjection

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50
Q

Redirecting unacceptable Impulses Into socially acceptable activities. Example: Channeling aggressive energy into sports or artistic pursuits.

A

Sublimation

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51
Q

Three phases of stages of development

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic

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52
Q

0-1 y/o
Pleasure is focused on the mouth, lips, tongue

A

Oral phase

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53
Q

1-3 y/o
- Central pleasure is anus
- pleasure is centered in bowel and bladder control

A

Anal phase

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54
Q

characterized by masculine qualities of dominance and sadism

A

Active orientation

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55
Q

feminine qualities of voyeurism and masochism

A

Passive orientation

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56
Q

3-6 y/o
- When the genital area becomes the erogenous zone “anatomy is destiny”
- is characterized by the focus on the genital area and the Oedipus or Electra complex.
- Children develop strong attachment and attraction to the opposite-sex parent and may experience jealousy or rivalry with the same-sex parent.

A

Phallic stage

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57
Q

-Develops a sexual desire for the mother
-In the beginning this inconsistency is still okay to the child but when this becomes recognized he GIVES UP IDENTIFICATION WITH FATHER BUT RETAINS FEELINGS/DESIRE FOR MOTHER

A

Male Oedipus complex

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58
Q

Time when affection and hostility exist because one or both feelings may be unconscious

A

Complete Oedipus complex

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59
Q

When boy realize the absence of a penis in a girl, it causes shock and lends him to conclude that girls had their penis cut off.

A

Castration complex

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60
Q

Girls soon discover that boys are born with an extra attachment (read: penis)

A

Female Oedipus complex

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61
Q

Often expressed as a wish to become a man Carried over into the wish of having a baby especially a boy

A

Penis envy

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62
Q

Dormant psychosexual development

A

Latency period

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63
Q

Puberty signal the re-awakening of the sexual aim

A

Genital period

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64
Q
  • Stage attained by everyone who reaches physical maturity
  • Consicousness would play a more important role for a mature person
A

Maturity

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65
Q
  • Stage after an individual goes through the other stages
  • Difficult to achieve since most individuals may develop psychosexual problems (
A

Psychological maturity

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66
Q
  • Patients are required to VERBALIZE every though that comes to mind no matter how irrelevant/repugnant it may seem.
  • It aims to arrive at the unconscious by starting with a conscious thought and following the train of associations wherever it leads
A

Free association

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67
Q
  • Vital to psychoanalysis
  • Strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop to their analyst during the course of their treatment
A

Transference

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68
Q

allows patients to relive childhood experiences within the non-threatening climate during therapy

A

POSITIVE TRANSFERENCE

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69
Q
  • Usually in the form of hostility
  • Must be recognized by therapist and explained to patients so that they can OVERCOME RESISTANCE to treatment
A

Negative transference

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70
Q
  • surface meaning or conscious description
  • part of your dreams that you can remember
A

Manifest

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71
Q

Transforming the dream from its MANIFEST to LATENT content

A

Dream Analysis

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72
Q
  • the dream’s unconscious material
  • part of your dream where you can decode.
A

Latent

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73
Q

manifest content is not as extensive as the latent content

A

Condensation

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74
Q

the dream image is replaced by some other idea remotely related to it

A

Displacement

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75
Q

discovering the unconscous element underlying the manifest content

A

Dream symbols

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76
Q
  • Unconscious slips which are so common that we usually pay little attention to them and deny that they have underlying significance
  • they reveal unconscious intention of the person
A

Freudian slips

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77
Q

Presents and optimistic view of the person / people while resting on the notion of SOCIAL INTEREST

A

Individual psychology

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78
Q

Feeling of oneness with all humankind

A

Social interest

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79
Q

these feelings motivate a person to strive for success/superiority

A

FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY

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80
Q
  • Adler believed that this is the dynamic force behind all motivation
A

AGGRESSION

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81
Q
  • WILL TO POWER OR A DOMINATION OF OTHERS
  • was abandoned by adler as universal drive
A

MASCULINE PROTEST

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82
Q

For people who strive for PERSONAL SUPERIORITY over others

A

Striving for superiority

83
Q

To describe actions of people who are motivated by highly developed SOCIAL INTEREST

A

Striving for success

84
Q
  • does not exist
  • Either PERSONAL SUPERIORITY or the goal of success for ALL HUMANKIND
  • Is fictional and has no objective existence
A

Final goal

85
Q

Refers to a person’s ability to share their behavior and CREATE THEIR OWN PERSONALITY

A

CREATIVE POWER

86
Q
  • a condition where the deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s goal
A

ORGAN DIALECT

87
Q
  • the part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated or completely understood by the person
A

UNCONSCIOUS

88
Q
  • thoughts which are regarded by the individual as helpful in strivingfor success (unconscious, in contrast are those which are regarded as not helpful)
A

CONSCIOUS

89
Q

creates goal of personal superiority and sees father as tyrant

A

Paternal attachment

90
Q
  • Patterns of behaviors to protect their exaggerate sense of self-esteem against public disgrace
    -protect self from inferiority
A

Safeguarding tendencies

91
Q

Undervalue other people’s achievements and to overvalue one’s own

A

Depreciation

92
Q

Tendency to blame others for one’s failures and to seek revenge

A

Accusation

93
Q
  • self-pity
  • People devalue themselves in order to inflict suffering on others whileprotecting their magnified self-esteem
A

Self-accusation

94
Q

When people run away from difficulties

A

WITHDRAWAL

95
Q
  • Psychologically reverting to a more secured period in his life
  • may sometimes be conscious and is directed at maintaining an inflated goal of superiority
A

Moving forward

96
Q

Avoid all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat or failures

A

Standing still

97
Q
  • Manifested through procrastination
  • Gives them the excuse “it’s too late now”
A

Hesitating

98
Q
  • By overcoming the obstacle, they protect their self-esteem and prestige
  • If they fail to overcome the obstacle, they can always offer an excuse
A

Constructing obstacle

99
Q

Intensified feelings of power and superiority, and overprotective tendencies

A

First born

100
Q

adopt the same style towards a new baby

A

Cooperating style

101
Q

-The personalities are shaped by their perception of the older child’s attitudes towards them
- Extreme hostility and vengeance
- Highly competitive or easily discourage

A

Second born

102
Q
  • More pampered; run a high risk of being PROBLEM CHILDREN
  • Have strong feelings of inferiority and to lack a sense of independence
  • Highly motivated to exceed older siblings
A

Youngest children

103
Q
  • Unique position of competing, not against brother and sisters, but against father and mother
  • Exaggerated sense of superiority and an inflated self-concept
  • May lack well-developed feelings of cooperation and social interest, possess a parasitic attitude, and expect other people to pamper and protect them
A

Only child

104
Q

The chief purpose is to enhance courage, lessen feelings of inferiority and encourage Social interest

A

Psychotherapy

105
Q

Carl Jung’s theory

A

Analytical psychology

106
Q

Sigmund Freud’s theory

A

Psychodynamic theory

107
Q

Alfred Adler’s theory

A

Individual psychology

108
Q

Focus on the human psyche

A

Analytical psychology

109
Q

rests on the assumption that occult phenomenon can and do influence the lives of everyone.

A

Analytical psychology

110
Q
  • shared by everyone
  • includes those elements that we have never experienced individually but which have come down to us from our ancestors
A

Collective unconscious

111
Q

elements that become highly developed

A

Archetypes

112
Q
  • Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual
  • Formed by our INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES and is therefore UNIQUE to us
A

Personal unconscious

113
Q

term used to refer to the contents of our personal unconscious

A

Complexes

114
Q
  • different manifestation from unconscious
  • Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious
A

Archetypes

115
Q

an unconscious physical impulse toward action

A

INSTINCTS

116
Q
  • are the main source of archetypal materials
  • produce motifs that could not have been known to the dreamer throughpersonal experience
A

Dreams

117
Q

The side of personality that PEOPLE SHOW TO THE WORLD

A

Persona

118
Q

darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge butattempt to hide from ourselves and others.

A

Shadow

119
Q
  • Humans are psychologically bisexual and possess both a masculine and a feminine side
  • being feminine of a man
  • The feminine side of men originates in the collective unconscious as an archetype and remains extremely resistant to consciousness
A

Anima

120
Q
  • Being masculine of a woman
  • Capable of INFLUENCING the thinking of a woman, yet it does not actually belong to her
A

Animus

121
Q
  • Strict in rules but very caring
  • derivates of the anima and animus
A

Great mother

122
Q
  • a powerful person, sometimes part god, who fights against great odds to conguer or vanguish evil in the form of dragons, monsters, serpents or demons
  • an immortal person cannot be a ____ because heroes are bound to die
A

Hero

123
Q
  • Someone who still can grow
  • This innate disposition is known as the
  • Jung believed that each person possesses an inherited tendency to move toward GROWTH, PERFECTION and COMPLETION
A

Self

124
Q
  • present events have their origin in previous experiences
A

CAUSALITY

125
Q
  • present events are motivated by goals and aspirations for the future that direct a person’s destiny
A

TELEOLOGY

126
Q

Predisposition to act or react in a characteristic function

A

ATTITUDES

127
Q

Turning INWARD of psychic energy with an orientation toward the SUBJECTIVE

A

Introversion

128
Q

Distinguished by the turning OUTWARD of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the OBJECTIVE and away from the subjective

A

Extraversion

129
Q
  • Also called INDIVIDUATION
  • Process of becoming an individual or whole person
A

Self realization

130
Q

Melanie Klein’s theory

A

Object relations theory

131
Q
  • importance of first 4 to 6 after birth
  • was built on careful observations of young children
A

Object relations theory

132
Q
  • fills infant not only with milk but with love and security
A

GOOD BREAST

133
Q
  • one that is not present and does not give milk, love or secunty
A

BAD BREAST

134
Q

Karen horney’s theory

A

Psychoanalytic social theory

135
Q

plays a leading role in shaping human personality, either neurotic or healthy

A

Culture

136
Q
  • develops when the parents do not satisfy the child’s need for safety and satisfaction
A

BASIC HOSTILITY

137
Q
  • Repressed hostility then leads to profound feelings of insecurity and a vague sense of apprehension
  • feeling of being isolated and helpless in a world conceived as potentially hostile
A

BASIC ANXIETY

138
Q
  • people may try to purchase love with self-effacing compliance, material goods or sexual favors
A

Affection

139
Q
  • submitting themselves to either people or institutions such as an organization or religion; to gain affection
A

Submissiveness

140
Q
  • defense against real or imagined hostility
A

Power, Prestige and Possession

141
Q

tendency to dominate others

A

POWER

142
Q

Expressed as a tendency to humiliate others

A

PRESTIGE

143
Q

acts as a buffer against destitution and poverty and manifests itself as a tendency to deprive others

A

POSSESSION

144
Q
  • either by developing an independence from other or by becoming emotionally detached from them
A

Withdrawal

145
Q

-Attempt to indiscriminately to PLEASE OTHERS
-Try to live up to the expectations of others
-Dread self-assertion
-Uncomfortable with the hostility of others as well as the hostile feelings within themselves

A

The Neurotic Need for Affection and Approval

146
Q

-Attaching themselves to a powerful partner
-Overevaluation of love and a dread of being alone or deserted

A

The neurotic need for a power partner

147
Q
  • Strive to remain Inconspicuous; or take second place
    -Being contented with very little
    -Downgrade their own abilities
    -Dread making demands on others
A

The neurotic need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders

148
Q
  • Power and affection are perhaps the two greatest neurotic needs
  • Need for power is usually combined with the needs for prestige and possession and manifests as a need to control others and to avoid feelings of weakness or stupidity
A

The neurotic need for power

149
Q
  • Frequently evaluate others on the basis of how they can be used or exploited, but at the same time they fear being exploited by others
A

The neurotic need to exploit others

150
Q

Trying to be first, to be important, or to attract attention to themselves

A

The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige

151
Q
  • Need to be admired for what they are rather than for what they possess
  • Inflated self-esteem must be continually fed by the admiration and approval of other
A

The neurotic need for personal admiration

152
Q
  • Strong drive to be the best
  • Must defeat people in order to confirm their superiority
A

The neurotic need for ambition and personal achievement

153
Q
  • Strong need to move away from people thereby proving can get along without others
A

The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence

154
Q
  • Striving relentlessly for perfection
  • Receiving “proof” of their self-esteem and personal superiority
  • Dread making mistakes and having personal flaws
  • Desperately attempt to hid their weaknesses from others
A

The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability

155
Q

Neurotic trends

A

Moving towards people
Moving against people
Moving away from people

156
Q

Some children move ______ people by behaving in a COMPLIANT MANNER as a protection against feelings of helplessness

A

Towards

157
Q

Some move ______ people with acts of AGGRESSION in order to circumvent the hostility of others

A

Against

158
Q

Other children _______ from people by adopting a DETACHED manner, thus alleviating feelings of isolation

A

Move away

159
Q

Neurotic need to protect oneself against feelings of helplessness

A

Moving toward people

160
Q
  • Aggressive people take for granted the everyone is hostile
  • Motivated by a strong need to exploit others and to use them for their own benefit
    -Seldom admit their mistakes
  • Compulsively driven to appear perfect, powerful and superior
A

Moving against people

161
Q
  • behave in a detached manner and adopt a neurotic trend
  • expression of needs for privacy, independence and self-sufficiency
A

Moving away from people

162
Q

These processes originate from interpersonal experiences; but as they become part of a person’s belief system, they develop a life of their own - an existence separate from the interpersonal conflicts that gave them life

A

INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICT

163
Q
  • attempt to solve conflicts by painting a godlike picture of oneself
A

Idealized Self-Image

164
Q
  • an interrelated yet equally irrational and powerful tendency to despise one’s real self
A

Self-hatred

165
Q
  • a pathological belief that men are superior to women
A

masculine protest

166
Q

Erich Fromm’s theory

A

Humanistic psychoanalysis

167
Q

Produced by the feelings of loneliness and isolation

A

Basic anxiety

168
Q

Drive for union with another person or other persons

A

Relatedness

169
Q
  • a person can submit to another, to a group, or to an institution in order to become one with the world
  • may authority na gina follow
A

Submission

170
Q

power seekers welcome submissive partners

A

Power

171
Q

People in this relationship are drawn to one another not by love but by a desperate need for relatedness, a need that can never be completely satisfied by such a partnership

A

symbiotic relationships

172
Q
  • the ONLY ROUTE by which a person can become united with the world, and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity
  • involves sharing and communion with another, yet it allows a person the freedom to be unique and separate
A

Love

173
Q

Defined as the URGE TO RISE ABOVE a passive and accidental existence and into “the realm of purposefulness and freedom”

A

Transcendence

174
Q

to kill for reasons other than survival

A

Malignant Aggression

175
Q
  • Need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world
A

Rootedness

176
Q
  • people are weaned from the orbit of their mother and become fully born; that is, they actively and creatively relate to the world and become whole or integrated
A

PRODUCTIVE

177
Q
  • through FIXATION
  • Reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one’s mothers
A

NON PRODUCTIVE

178
Q
  • Capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity
  • can be based on adjustment to the group, or it can be satisfied through creative movement toward individuality
A

Sense of Identity

179
Q
  • to make their way through the world
A

road map

180
Q
  • enables people to organize the various stimuli that impinge on them
  • may either be irrational or rational, but only a rational philosophy can serve as a basis for the growth of total personality
A

frame of orientation

181
Q

are the DRIVING FORCES in normal people, both individually and collectively

A

mechanisms of escape

182
Q

results from basic feelings of powerlessness, weakness, and inferiority and is aimed at joining the self to a more powerful person or institutions

A

Masochism

183
Q
  • more neurotic and more socially harmful
  • manipulate/gaslight others your to go on way.
A

Sadism

184
Q

rooted in the feelings of alones, isolation and powerlessness

A

Destructiveness

185
Q
  • people who try to escape from a sense of alones and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming whatever other people desire them to be
A

Conformity

186
Q

a person “can be free and not alone, critical and yet not filled with doubts, independent and yet an integral part of mankind

A

Positive freedom

187
Q

a person’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things

A

CHARACTER ORIENTATIONS

188
Q
  • “the totality of inherited and acquired psychic qualities which are characteristic of one individual and which make the individual unique’’
A

Personality

189
Q
  • most important of the acquired qualities of personality
  • is a substitute for instincts
A

Character

190
Q
  • feel that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge and material possessions
  • focus on taking rather than giving
A

Receptive

191
Q
  • believe that the source of all good is outside themselves
  • prefer to steal or plagiarize rather than create
A

Exploitative

192
Q

seek to save that which they have already obtained

A

Hoarding

193
Q
  • outgrowth of modern commerce
  • see themselves as commodities, with their personal value dependent on their exchange value, that is, their ability to sell themselves.
    -kahit may change they still don’t have their own identity
A

Marketing

194
Q
  • a passionate love of life and all that is alive
A

biophilia

195
Q
  • Its literal meaning is “love of death”
  • Refers to a sexual perversion in which a person desires sexual contact with a corpse
A

Necrophilia

196
Q
  • narcissism IMPEDES the PERCEPTION of reality so that everything belonging to a narcissistic person is highly valued and everything belonging to another individual is devalued
A

Malignant Narcissism

197
Q

pre-occupation with GUILT about previous transgressions

A

Moral Hypochondriasis

198
Q
  • Extreme dependence on the mother or mother surrogate
  • people are inseparable from the HOST PERSON
  • feel extremely anxious and frightened if that relationship is threatened
A

Incestuous Symbiosis

199
Q
  • aim of therapy is for patients to come to know themselves
  • patients come to therapy seeking satisfaction of their basic human needs
A

Humanistic psychoanalysis psychotherapy

200
Q

Expressed in symbolic language

A

Dreams

201
Q

a way of seeing our physical self as different from other people

A

Body Ego

202
Q

an illusion perpetrated and perpetuated by a particular society that it is somehow chose to the THE human species

A

pseudospecies

203
Q

Erik Erikson’s theory

A

Post-freudian theory

204
Q

Basic strength of early childhood

A

Will

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