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MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

acts as an antenna to produce/transmit and detect/receive radio waves that are referred to as the MRI signal

A

RF coil

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2
Q

RF coil acts as an antenna to produce/transmit and detect/receive radio waves that are referred to as WHAT

A

as the MRI signal

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3
Q

is enclosed in the gantry of the magnet.

A

typical RF coil

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4
Q

In order to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), WHAT should cover only the volume of interest. This is because the coil is sensitive to noise from the whole volume while the signal comes from the slice of interest.

A

the RF coil

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5
Q

In order to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the RF coil should cover only WHAT . This is because the coil is sensitive to noise from the whole volume while the signal comes from the slice of interest.

A

the volume of interest

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6
Q

In order to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the RF coil should cover only the volume of interest. This is because the coil is WHAT from the whole volume while the signal comes from the slice of interest.

A

sensitive to noise

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7
Q

In order to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the RF coil should cover only the volume of interest. This is because the coil is sensitive to noise from WHAT

A

the whole volume while the signal comes from the slice of interest.

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8
Q

Most homogenous coils are of a WHAT design.

A

‘birdcage’

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9
Q

Can act as Transceivers (transmits and receives radio waves)

A

Radiofrequency/RF Coils

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10
Q

WHAT IS (transmits and receives radio waves)

A

Transceivers

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11
Q

is integrated into the scanner bore and cannot be seen by the patient.

A

Coil

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12
Q

Types of coils

A

Body coils
Volume/Bird Cage coils
Surface /Local coils
. Paired saddle coils
Shoulder coil
flex coil
spine coil
small body coil
breast coil
foot and ankle coil
prostate coil

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13
Q

Coil is integrated into the scanner bore and cannot be seen by the patient.

A

Body coils

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14
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL Completely surrounds the patient.

A

Body coils

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15
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COILS Acts as transceivers

A

Body coils AND Volume/Bird Cage coils

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16
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, Head coil

A

Volume/Bird Cage coils

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17
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, Being smaller in size provides better SNR.

A

Volume/Bird Cage coils

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18
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, simple loop designs, either circular or rectangular, and have excellent SNR close to the coil but the sensitivity drops off rapidly with distance from the coil.

A

Surface /Local coils

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19
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, Provides best RF homogeneity

A

Volume/Bird Cage coils

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20
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, These are only used as receivers, the body coil acting as the transmitter.

A

Surface /Local coils

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21
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, used for imaging anatomy near to the coil.

A

Surface /Local coils

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22
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, The depth of the image of a surface coil is generally limited to about one radius.

A

Surface /Local coils

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23
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, Commonly used for the knee

A
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24
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, These coils provide better homogeneity of the RF in the area of interest and are used as volume coils, unlike surface coils.

A
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25
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL, also used for the x and y gradient coils

A

Paired saddle coils

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26
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL,

A

Paired saddle coils

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27
Q

WHAT TYPE OF COIL,

A

Paired saddle coils

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28
Q

Required to protect the environment from the effects of fringe fields which surround a magnet

A

Shielding

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29
Q

To maintain magnetic field homogeneity, shielding is necessary for the field to be protected from being distorted by the external environment.

A

Shielding

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30
Q

in Shielding, To maintain magnetic field homogeneity, shielding is necessary for the field to be protected from what

A

being distorted by the external environment.

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31
Q

MRI signal is relatively weak, small external RF interferences can WHAT

A

can degrade the image quality.

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32
Q

IT can degrade the image quality IF THE MRI SIGNAL IS WHAT

A

MRI signal is relatively weak, small external RF interferences

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33
Q

Imaging room should be shielded from the WHAT

A

the external sources of RF energy.

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34
Q

Also prevents the WHAT during the MR measurement from being disturbed by radio signals outside the MR room.

A

the RF signal generated

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35
Q

Also prevents the RF signal generated during the MR measurement from being WHAT

A

disturbed by radio signals outside the MR room.

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36
Q

Better homogeneity can be achieved by electrical and mechanical adjustments by a process known as WHAT

A

“shimming”

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37
Q

Type of shimming:

A

Active-coils
Passive-bore

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38
Q

An advance technique used to acquire images from moving body parts like chest, abdomen, cardiac and blood vessels studies reducing motion artifacts.

A

Gating

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39
Q

magnetic field outside the patient aperture.

A

Fringe magnetic field

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40
Q

IN Gating, An advance technique used to acquire images from moving body parts like chest, abdomen, cardiac and blood vessels studies reducing WHAT

A

motion artifacts.

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41
Q

WHAT GATING Acquisition is generally triggered by an electrocardiogram. This eliminate the blurring and artifact problem inherent

A

Cardiac gating

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42
Q

WHAT USES IN CARDIAC GATING to deliver RF pulse and to monitor the cardiac cycle to determine which signal it uses for reconstruction.

A

Uses programmed TR(time of repetition)

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43
Q

IN CARDIAC GATING, USES by the leads placed on patient’s chest to trigger each RF excitation pulse.

A

Uses the electrical signal detected

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44
Q

Used in cardiac mri/mra and mri thoracic aortogram

A

CARDIAC GATING

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45
Q

WHAT GATING, Suppress breathing motion Acquisition takes place only during the gate when respiratory is minimal

A

Respiratory gating

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46
Q

WHAT GATING, Effective in minimizing breathing motion
But increases imaging time and resolution
Also monitors the breathing of px

A

. Respiratory gating

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47
Q

WHAT GATING, Used in mri of the chest and abdomen, liver perfusion and dynamics, kidneys, spleen, adrenals and MRCP

A

Respiratory gating

48
Q

WHATGATING, Short acquisition sequences but low resolution
Image acquisition every breath hold after exhalation.
Can also be used in mri of the chest and abdomen, liver perfusion and dynamics, kidneys, spleen, adrenals and MRCP

A

Breath holding

49
Q

IN BREATH HOLDING PART F MRI PROCEDURE WHAT ARE THE DISEASE INCLUDED

A

MAGNETIC RESONANCE
CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
ENDOSCOPIC RETICULO
CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY

50
Q

WHAT GATING,Uses a photo sensor attached to either fingers or toes
Monitors the pulse of the px
Used in CSF flow studies, MRA of the head, neck, cardiac, chest, and peripherals and TRICKS.TIME RESOLVED IMAGING OF CONTRAST KINETICS

A

Peripheral gating/Pegating

51
Q

WHAT GATING, Used in liver dynamics and cardiac imaging

A

Fluoro triggering

52
Q

is a programmed set of changing magnetic gradients. Each sequence will have a number of parameters, and multiple sequences are grouped together into an MRI protocol.

A

PULSE SEQUENCES

53
Q

defined by multiple parameters:

A

PULSE SEQUENCES

54
Q

WHAT ARE THE Basic parameters:

A

TE
TR
Flip Angle
FoV and Matrix size
Inversion pulses (TI)

55
Q

WHAT ARE THE Basic type of pulse sequences

A

Spin Echo
Inversion Recovery
Gradient Echo

56
Q

WHAT IS Time required for the external magnetic field to go to two third of its original value

A

T1 Weighted Images-

57
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, Gives information about the thermal conductivity of the surrounding tissue.

A

T1 Weighted Images-

58
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, Water has low signal and appears dark and fat will appear bright.

A

T1 Weighted Images-

59
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, Short TE/TR (10-15ms/300-600ms)

A

T1 Weighted Images-

60
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, Gives information about the homogeneity of the surrounding atoms. Water is longer than other tissue.

A

T2 Weighted Images-

60
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, USES FOR Anatomy

A

T1 Weighted Images-

61
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, time required for the transverse magnetic field to decay to a third of its original value.

A

T2 Weighted Images-

62
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES,Water appears bright and fat will appear intermediate bright.

A

T2 Weighted Images-

63
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, LongTE/TR (100-150ms/2000-6000ms)

A

T2 Weighted Images-

64
Q

WHAT WEIGHTED IMAGES, USES FOR Pathology

A

T2 Weighted Images-

65
Q

is acquired with a TR/TE of 400-700/10-20 msec.

A

A typical T1-weighted spin echo (SE) sequence

66
Q

A typical T1-weighted spin echo (SE) sequence is acquired with HOW MANY MSEC

A

TR/TE of 400-700/10-20 msec.

67
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF Bone marrow

68
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF Muscles

69
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF Fluids

70
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF White matter

71
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF Moving blood

72
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF Gray matter

73
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF BONE

74
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF FAT

75
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF AIR

76
Q

IN Tissues and their T1 appearance OF PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS

77
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON BRAIN

A

T1 (ms) 1.5T

78
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON GRAY MATTER

79
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON White matter

80
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON Tumours

81
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON Meningioma

82
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON Glioma

83
Q

WHAT IS T1 relaxation times for various ON Oedema

84
Q

A T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) MR image can be acquired with a

A

TR/TE of >2000/80-100 msec.

85
Q

can be acquired with a TR/TE of >2000/80-100 msec.

A

A T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) MR image

86
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON BONE MARROW

87
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON MUSCLES

A

Gray (darker than T1)

88
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON MOVING BLOOD

89
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON WHITE MATTER

A

DARKER THAN GRAY

90
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON GRAY MATTER

91
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON FLUIDS

92
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON BONE

93
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON FAT

94
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON AIR

95
Q

IN Tissues and their T2 appearance ON PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS

96
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON BRAIN

A

T1(ms)1.5T

97
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON GRAY MATTER

98
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON WHITE MATTER

99
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON Meningioma

100
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON TUMOURS

101
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON GLIOMA

102
Q

is commonly used in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to suppress the signal from adipose tissue or detect adipose tissue.

A

Fat Suppression Pulse Sequence

102
Q

WHAT T2 relaxation times for various tissues ON Oedema

103
Q

WHAT SEQUENCE It can be applied to both T1 and T2 weighted sequences.

A

Fat Suppression Pulse Sequence

104
Q

WHAT SEQUENCE The easiest way to identify fat saturated images is to look for adipose tissues in the body (e.g. subcutaneous fat and fat in bone marrow).

A

Fat Suppression Pulse Sequence

105
Q

WHAT SEQUENCE after the administration of gadolinium contrast. This has the advantage of making enhancing tissue easier to appreciate.

A

Fat Suppression Pulse Sequence

106
Q

WHAT IS Areas contain adipose tissues appear dark on T1 weighted fat saturated images.

107
Q

WHAT IS All the other characteristics of the T1 weighted fat saturated images remain the same as the T1 weighted Images

108
Q

Pathologies with adipose tissues content will appear as WHAT

A

As dark on T1 weighted fat saturated images

109
Q

will appear as dark on T1 weighted fat saturated images

A

Pathologies with adipose tissues content

110
Q

WHAT IS Areas contain adipose tissues appear dark on T2 weighted fat saturated images.

111
Q

All the other characteristics of the T2 weighted fat saturated images remain the same as the T2 weighted images

112
Q

4 kinds of Inversion Recovery Pulse Sequences:

A

short time inversion recovery(STIR)
fluid attenuation inversion recovery(FLAIR)
turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM)
double inversion recovery(DIR)

112
Q

WHAT Inversion Recovery Pulse Sequences:
Commonly used:

A

STIR AND FLAIR

MRI (2 decks)

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