MIDTERM Flashcards
1
Q
Is a widely used scientific discipline, based on the identification of a thread, thee Specification of risk and the specifications of hoe to overcome the risk.
A
RISK THEORY
2
Q
Has an important position in the field of safety and security. It is focusing on minimization of damage or impact.
A
RISK MANAGEMENT
3
Q
Prefers the repressive manner for ensuring the safety or security. It defines for what risk and how the reference object should be prepared.
A
RISK MANAGEMENT
4
Q
It is a potential damage or loss of an asset.
A
RISK
5
Q
It is the process used by the security professionals in determining his priorities in the protection of assets. The analysis of risk includes examination of the vulnerability, probability and criticality of potential threats and includes natural and man-made risk.
A
RISK ANALYSIS
6
Q
It is a rational and orderly approach and a comprehensive solution to the problem identification and probability determination.
A
RISK ASSESSMENT
7
Q
The process of selecting and implementing security countermeasures to achieve an acceptable level of risk at an acceptable cost.
A
RISK MANAGEMENT
8
Q
Any person, facility, material, information or activity which has a positive value to its owner weather it is an individual, private or government entity.
A
ASSET
9
Q
The asset may have value to an adversary, as well as to the owner, although the nature and magnitude of those values may differ.
A
ASSET
10
Q
Any weakness that can be exploited by an adversary to gain access to an asset.
A
VULNERABILITY
11
Q
An action taken or a physical entity used to reduce or eliminate one or more vulnerabilities.
A
COUNTERMEASURE
12
Q
The cost of a possible countermeasures maybe monetary, but may also include non-monetary costs such as; reduced operational efficiency, adverse publicity, unfavorable working conditions and political consequences.
A
COUNTERMEASURE
13
Q
The kinds of threats or risks affecting the assets to be safeguarded.
A
LOSS EVENT PROFILE
14
Q
The change or likelihood that a loss will take place.
A
PROBABILITY
15
Q
Indicated by a mathematical statement concerning the possibility of an event occurring.
A
PROBABILITY
16
Q
The impact of a loss as measured in financial terms. How important it is in terms of the survival or existence of the organization.
A
CRITICALLY
17
Q
Percentage of Impact: 100% Fatal, 75% Very serious, 50% Average, 25% Less serious, 0% Unimportant.
A
CRITICALLY UNKNOWN
18
Q
Eliminating or removing the risk totally from the business, government or industrial environment for which the risk manager has the responsibility.
A
RISK AVOIDANCE
19
Q
Decreasing the risk by minimizing the probability of the potential loss. The reduction of the criminal opportunity is often accomplished by situational crime prevention strategies to discourage, deter or deny criminal incidents.
A
RISK REDUCTION
20
Q
Spreading the risk through compartmentations or decentralization to limit the impact (critically) of the potential loss.
A
RISK SPREADING
21
Q
Moving the financial impact of the potential loss over to an insurance company.
A
RISK TRANSFER
22
Q
Planned assumption and acceptance of the potential risk by making a deliberate managerial decision of;
Doing nothing about the threat or
Setting aside resources for use in case of a specific loss incident.
A
RISK ASSUMPTION
23
Q
Is an important phenomenon, which has negative influence on human society. The negative effect is a common sign of security breach and crisis.
A
CRISIS
24
Q
Is a scientific discipline focused on the theoretic aspects of crisis research, mainly on nature and causes of crisis.
A
CRISIS THEORY
25
Is a situation which cannot be predicted. The complications are created by a negative event of large scale (for example, natural disasters, the sharp fall in the price of the shares on the stock exchange, large-scale attack of an unknown computer virus, and so on).
UNEXPECTED AND LARGE NEGATIVE SITUATION
26
Is a special kind of management created for managing and overcoming the crisis. The activation of new forces and equipment is a basic crisis measure.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
27
The nature of the crisis arising is based on the unmanaged control. The crisis usually includes periods (stages) of latent symptoms, acute, chronic and resolved/unresolved crisis. In the stage of latent symptoms, the accumulation of unresolved problems happens.
UNMANAGED CONTROL
28
The crisis theory and the theory of safety and security represent the common form of scientific knowledge, which gives the systematic view about laws and main substantial relations, reasons and conclusions of special types of negative effect affecting reference objects.
RELATIONS BETWEEN CRISIS AND SAFETY AND SECURITY
29
Is a scientific discipline which researches relations between cause and effect. The term causality has evolved from the Latin word "causa". The cause is relation, where cause and effect are mutually connected.
CAUSALITY
30
Determines that anything that happens has at least one cause, and also any cause has future consequences. The same causes create the same effects. It is structured by a causal relationship (causal nexus).
LAW OF CAUSALITY
31
Is an expression of the relationship between two events, where one of them raises and the second is called the "cause". Basically, the reason is the term, which causes effect.
CAUSALITY
32
Is key for the theory of safety and security. It allows establishing a logic chain of causes of security or safety violation. From this point of view of safety or security, there is inadequate position of causality.
CAUSALITY
33
A short, sudden unexpected event or occurrence that results in an unwanted and undesirable outcome and must directly or indirectly be the result of human activity rather than natural event.
ACCIDENT
34
In unexpected and usually unpleasant things that happen.
INCIDENT
35
Is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage- but had the potential to do so.
NEAR MISS
36
Created by social environment or acquired by ancestry.
FAULT OF PERSONS
37
Where and how a person was raised and educated.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT / ANCESTRY
38
Assume that accidents are the culmination of a series of events or circumstances which interact sequentially with each other in an linear fashion and thus accidents are preventable by eliminating one of the causes in linear sequence.
SIMPLE LINEAR MODELS
39
Are based on the presumption that accidents are as a result of a combination of unsafe acts and latent hazard conditions within the system will follow a linear part. The factors furthest away from the accident are attributed to actions of the organization or environment factors at the sharp end being where humans ultimately interact closest to the accident’ the resultant assumption being that accidents could be prevented by focusing on strengthening barriers and defenses.
COMPLEX LINEAR MODELS
40
Developed by H.W. Heinrich, a safety engineer and pioneer in the field of industrial security and safety. According to Heinrich, an “accident” is one factor in a sequence that may lead to an injury.
DOMINO THEORY
41
The factors can be visualized as a series of dominoes standing on edge; when one fails, the linkage required for a chain reaction is completed. Each of the factors is dependent on the preceding factor.
DOMINO THEORY
42
Control Hazards through product design or process change.
ENGINEERING
43
Train workers regarding all facets of safety impose on management that attention to safety pays off.
EDUCATION
44
Insure those internal and external rules, regulations, and standards operating procedure are followed by workers as well as management.
ENFORCEMENT
45
Heinrich posed a model in terms of a single Domino leading to an accident.
HUMAN FACTORS THEORY
46
-The work task is beyond the capability of the worker
- Includes physical and psychological factors
- Influenced by environmental factors, internal factors and situational factors.
OVERLOAD
47
- To hazards and safety measures (worker’s fault)
- To incompatible work station (management, environment faults)
INAPPROPRIATE WORKER RESPONSE
48
- Lack of training and misjudgment of risk
- But the structure of this theories still a cause/effect format.
INAPPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
49
Extension of human factors theory. Here, the following new elements are introduced:
- Ergonomic traps – these are incompatible work stations, tools or expectations (management failure).
- Decision to err – Unconscious or Conscious (Personal failure).
- Systems failure – Management failure (policy, training, etc.)
ACCIDENT / INCIDENT THEORY
50
This field studies relationship between environmental factors and disease can be used to study causal factors in a relationship.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY
51
Tendencies may predispose worker to certain actions
PREDISPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS
52
The highest law is the law of preservation; By instinct, man naturally react to protect himself, his honor, freedom, liberty and property from danger, threat or hazard. He does it personally and/or thru the help of others.
NATURAL AUTHORITY
53
The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the state and, in the fulfillment, thereof; all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, or to render personal military civil service. (Art.II Sec.4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
54
No person shall be deprived of live, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. (Art III Sec.1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
55
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (Art. III Sec. 9 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
56
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall be issue except upon examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. (Art. III, Sec.2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.)
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
57
The Revised Penal Code. (Act No.3815, as amended)
The applicable provisions of the Code on Crime against Person, Personal Liberty and security and property have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY
58
This law governs the operation, administration of security agency, and activities, qualification, duties and licensing of security guards, watchman and private detectives. In short, it is the intention of this law to professionalize the security services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW (RA 5487 AS AMMENDED)
59
Which defines Watchman or Security Guard, Watchman or Security Guard Agency, Sec.4 who may organize a security or watchman agency and the Sec No. 5487.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 11 (AMENDING RA 5487)
60
The act that regulates the organization and operation of private detective, watchman and security guard agencies in the Philippines. This act was approved on June 13, 1969. (Otherwise known as Private Security Agency Law)
RA NO. 5487
61
Otherwise known as “The Private Security Agency Law” has been amended by PD No. 100 dated January 17. 1973 in order to make more responsive to the demands of the private security industry in the country.
RA NO. 5487
62
An act amending article 287 of Presidential Decree No. 442 as amended, otherwise known as the labor code of the Philippines, providing for retirement pay to qualified private sector employees in the absence of any retirement plan in the establishment.
RA NO. 7641
63
PNPSAGSD
(Philippine National Police Security Agency, Guard and Supervision Division)
64
PNPSOSIA
Philippine National Police Supervisory Officer for Security and Investigation Agencies)
65
This is the unit under the Philippine National Police which is charge with the supervision, direction and control of all security agencies in the Philippines.
PNPSOSIA
66
Shall include not only natural but also juridical persons such as single proprietorship, corporations’ companies or association, duly organized and registered with the Security Exchange Commission and/or the Department of Trade and Industry.
PERSON
67
Shall include the act of providing or rendering service to watch an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area or property, to conduct access control/denial in any form whether physical, manually or scientifically by electronic monitoring system, for the purpose of securing such property and at the same time ensuring such areas, to maintain peace and order with in such areas.
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE
68
Shall include among others the act of providing personal security protection, inquiry and information gathering, pre-employment verification and individual background profiling, providing assistance in civil liability and personal injury cases, insurance claims, and fraud, child custody and protection cases, for the purpose of assisting in gathering information leading to determination and/or prevention of criminal acts and/or resolution of legal, financial and personal problems.
PRIVATE DETECTIVE SERVICES
69
Shall cover those in the legitimate business of providing private security and detective services.
PRIVATE SECURITY INDUSTRY
70
Sometimes called private security guard or watchman shall include any person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a residence or business establishment or both for hire or compensation, and with a license to exercise profession.
SECURITY GUARD
71
Shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than members of the AFP, Guard of the Bureau of Jail Management Penology, Municipal or City Jail guards, and members of the PNP or of any other Law Enforcement agency of the government.
PRIVATE DETECTIVE
72
Shall be natural persons which include private security guards, private detectives, security consultation, security officers and others that may be classified later, rendering performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.
PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL
73
Shall be natural persons which includes government security guards, detective, security consultant, security officers and others that may be classified later except those of the AFP, PNP, BJMP, Municipal or City Jail guards rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by government entities.
GOVERNMENT SECURITY PERSONNEL
74
Shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any security guard, to perform its functions or solicits individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government owned or controlled corporation to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation whose business or transaction involve national security or interest like the operation and/or management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports, landing strips etc, or as consultant on any security related matter. Or to provide highly specialized security, detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering security, passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other security needs that PNPSAGSD may approve.
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY
75
Shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any private detective, to perform its functions or solicits individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government owned or Controlled corporation to engage his/its service or those of his/its detective.
PRIVATE DETECTIVE AGENCY
76
Shall mean any document issued by the chief PNP or his duly authorized representative authorizing a person to engage in employing security guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manages or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees as provided.
LICENSE TO EXERCISE PROFESSION
77
A security force maintained and operated by any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business establishment premises, compound or properties.
COMPANY GUARD FORCE
78
A security unit maintained and operated by any government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such government entity.
GOVERNMENT GUARD UNIT
79
As used herein mean the Philippine National Police, which was organized pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991.
PNP
80
As used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division or any other PNP office that may be designated later as the implementation of these rules and regulations.
SAGSD
81
Refers to the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency operators, Inc. which is an association of all licensed security agencies and company security forces.
PADPAO
82
Is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the private security agency/branch manager or operation officers assigning the performance of private security detective.
DUTY DETAIL ORDER
83
Is a group of force selected men, trained or grouped into functional unit for the purpose of protecting operational process from those disruptions which would impede efficiency or halt operation at a particular plant, facility, installation or special activity.
SECURITY GUARD FORCE
84
Is safety from harm, a term that has different dimensions in psychology, public safety, defense and military matters, and information access.
SECURITY
85
Is a concept that refers to a series of security activities that protect resources and minimize risk and loss to prevent leakage of key technologies and confidential information at the enterprise level, and affect national problems as well.
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
86
Is a state or a state of quality, condition of being secured, freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss, destruction or damages, to secure is to make safe or be protected.
SECURITY
87
Are physical barriers, security lighting, use of vaults, locks and others.
ACTIVE MEASURES
88
Are those that will dates man from committing such acts for fear of being caught, charged in court, or get dismissed.
PASSIVE MEASURES
89
Four Phases in the Evolution of Quest for Security
1. INDIVIDUAL OR SMALL COMMUNITY GROUPS CAME TOGETHER IN SEARCH FOR COLLECTIVE SECURITY.
2. INDIVIDUAL OR SMALL COMMUNITY GROUPS DISCOVERED THE NEED FOR RULES OR LAWS.
3. INDIVIDUAL OR SMALL COMMUNITY GROUPS INEVITABLY DISCOVERED THAT SOME COMMUNITY MEMBERS WOULD NOT OBEY THE RULES.
4. INDIVIDUAL OR SMALL COMMUNITY GROUPS IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER MEANT TO COMPEL OBSERVANCE OF RULES THAT WERE FOUNDED AND ESTABLISHED.
90
Was one popular means of achieving security.
LAKE DWELLING
91
Access to these lake dwellings was controlled by _____ and ______.
DRAWBRIDGES AND BOATS
92
Some prehistoric Americans, surrounded hy unfriendly tribes moved into _____.
NATURAL CAVES ON CLIFFS
93
The most elaborate security in ancient times was the _____, which was built twenty centuries ago by Emperor Chin to guard China from the Mongols.
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
94
Requiring fifteen years and half a million workers to build, the wall was long enough to stretch from New York to Mexico.
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
95
Also emphasized physical security in the form of broad, straight roads patrolled by legions.
ROME
96
Recognized that the law enforcement machinery of his administration depended solely on the military force of the legions.
ROMAN EMPEROR AUGUSTUS
97
Were a dangerous power that the emperor was forced to depend on their often-unreliable will.
LEGIONS
98
Emperor Augustus created the _____ to form part the police body guards, as well as the "Urban Cohorts".
PRAETORIAN GUARDS
99
Emperor Augustus created the "Prateorian Guards" to form part the police body guards, as well as the _____.
URBAN COHORTS
100
This is a form of _____ composed of soldiers with police and military duties.
GENDARMERIE
101
Large body of _____ who were police-firemen.
VIGILES OF ROME
102
Provided food and security to the serfs who worked in the land, provided arms for the king, and fought in his wars.
NOBLEMAN
103
Groups of ten families, called _____ bonded together for security and to provide collective responsibility for maintaining local law and order.
TITHINGS
104
This system was expanded following the Norman Conquest into the _____ under which the king demanded all free Englishmen to swear to maintain the peace.
FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL OBLIGATION
105
This document established the supremacy of law over arbitrary edict, as well as the Lord's individual rights and the responsibilities of the state and its subjects.
MAGNA CARTA
106
The first significant change in the feudal system occured in _____ reign when his Lords revolted and forced him to sign the "Magna Carta".
KING JOHN
107
The next milestone in the evolution of security and law enforcement was the _____ issued by King Edward.
STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER OF 1285
108
The next milestone in the evolution of security and law enforcement was the "Statute of Westminster of 1285" issued by _____.
KING EDWARD
109
Provided town watchmen to patrol the city during night to supplement the traditional duties of the constable during the day.
WATCH AND WARD
110
Received the ancient Saxon practice for dealing with those who resisted the watchmen's arrest.
HUE AND CRY
111
Was the only general public measure of any consequence enacted to regulate the policing of the country between the "Norman Conquest" in 1066 and the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER
112
In England in 1655 he tried to use his highly trained, efficient, victorious army as a police force to prevent and repress crime.
OLIVE CROMWELL
113
Although ineffective, remained the primary means of security and law enforcement until the Industrial Revolution.
WATCH AND WARD
114
Since the government had no civil police force to deal with mob violence, it ordered a magistrate to issue the _____ which called the military to quell the riot.
RIOT ACT
115
Collective responsibility for repression of disturbances, the employment of special constables, and the formation of armed associations remained the major forms of law enforcement until the reforms proposed by _____.
SIR ROBERT PEEL
116
Continued its existence, having for nearly a century provided an alternative to the disreputable private thief-takers.
BOW STREET RUNNERS
117
But in order to stay informed about crime, runners frequented the _____, as the hangouts of thieves.
TAVERN
118
Early in the eighteenth century, several _____ appeared.
SOCIETIES FOR THE REFORMATION OF MANNERS
119
By the end of the century many moral societies existed, the most prominent of which was the _____ founded in 1801.
SOCIETY OF THE REPRESSION OF VICE AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF RELIGION
120
Later in the nineteenth century an _____ system was develop to watchdog the lower classes with spies and informants, and to enforce the "Concept of Puritan Property".
EVANGELICAL POLICE
121
It was the era of outlaw gangs such as the _____ and the _____.
JAMES GANG AND WILD BUNCH
122
In 1850, Henry Wells and William Fargo joined to form the _____, which operated east of the Missouri River.
AMERICAN EXPRESS
123
Was established to serve the West of the Missouri.
WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY
124
Who was born in Scotland, emigrated to the U.S. after his father who is a police officer died when he was a small boy. In 1850, after four years as Deputy Sheriff in Cane County, Illinois; he became a Deputy in Cook County, Chicago.
ALAN PINKERTON
125
Pinkerton's reputation as _____ led him to acquire a national reputation.
MASTER-SLEUTH
126
The private security business in the local setting began on _____.
MARCH 1, 1943
127
The first formally licensed private security agency in the local setting.
SPECIAL WATCHMAN AGENCY OR JIMENEZ SECURITY AGENCY
128
Jimenez Security Agency was granted licensed by the City of Manila pursuant to _____, passed by the City Council.
ORDINANCE NO. 2126
129
Acted as security guard, porter, and messenger to a variety of firms and employers.
BOMBAY SERENE
130
Requirements to operate an agency:
1. BUSINESS NAME
2. BUSINESS PERMIT
3. MUNICIPAL LICENSE
4. BOOK OF ACCOUNTANT AS REQUIRED BY THE BIR
131
The PADPAO, Inc. was formally organized, and through the continuous lobbying of the incorporators and officers of PADPAO, Inc., the Philippine Congress enacted Republic Act 5487.
MAY 30, 1958
132
The law also specifically tasked the ____ with the general supervision over the private security industry in the country.
COMMANDING GENERAL, PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY
133
The then President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 11, enlarging the coverage of Republic Act No. 5487.
OCTOBER 3, 1972
134
Presidential Decree No. 100 was issued to broaden the coverage of the industry to include employees of the national or local government, or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
JANUARY 17, 1973
135
Before the enactment of Republic Act No. 5487, private security agencies were under the direct control and supervisor of the _____.
MUNICIPAL OR CITY MAYORS
136
Challenges to Private Security
1. LEGAL STATUS
2. PROFESSIONALISM
3. TRAINING
4. IMAGE
137
With few exceptions, private security personnel have no police powers beyond those of their fellow citizens.
LEGAL STATUS
138
Therefore, professionalism from among the people in private security industry could be considered as essential elements to make the private policing business comparable with business entities.
PROFESSIONALISM
139
Is key to this challenge. No longer can someone be hired and put him or her on assignment with only uniform and a pat on the back.
TRAINING
140
The public's perception of private security is rapidly outgrowing the "rent-a-cop" or "floor walker" image, but there is still room for improving both the relationship between and the perceptions of citizens to the private security, similar to police agencies.
IMAGE
141
A document issued by CPNP or his duly authorized representatives authorizing a person to engage in the occupation calling or employment of watchmen, security guard, or private after payment of dues or fees.
PERMIT
142
Possession of firearms by agency are entitled to possess firearms after satisfactory complying the requirements as provided by law.
FIREARMS
143
Is a written instruction issued by the agency to its guards to perform lawful activity at specific time, place and date.
MISSION ORDER
144
Desirable Qualities of Security Guards
1. ALERTNESS
2. JUDGEMENT
3. CONFIDENCE
4. PHYSICAL FITNESS
5. TACTFULNESS
6. SELF-CONTROL
7. INTEREST, LOYALTY, RESPONSIBLE AND TRUSTWORTHY
