MIDTERM Flashcards
Is a widely used scientific discipline, based on the identification of a thread, thee Specification of risk and the specifications of hoe to overcome the risk.
RISK THEORY
Has an important position in the field of safety and security. It is focusing on minimization of damage or impact.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Prefers the repressive manner for ensuring the safety or security. It defines for what risk and how the reference object should be prepared.
RISK MANAGEMENT
It is a potential damage or loss of an asset.
RISK
It is the process used by the security professionals in determining his priorities in the protection of assets. The analysis of risk includes examination of the vulnerability, probability and criticality of potential threats and includes natural and man-made risk.
RISK ANALYSIS
It is a rational and orderly approach and a comprehensive solution to the problem identification and probability determination.
RISK ASSESSMENT
The process of selecting and implementing security countermeasures to achieve an acceptable level of risk at an acceptable cost.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Any person, facility, material, information or activity which has a positive value to its owner weather it is an individual, private or government entity.
ASSET
The asset may have value to an adversary, as well as to the owner, although the nature and magnitude of those values may differ.
ASSET
Any weakness that can be exploited by an adversary to gain access to an asset.
VULNERABILITY
An action taken or a physical entity used to reduce or eliminate one or more vulnerabilities.
COUNTERMEASURE
The cost of a possible countermeasures maybe monetary, but may also include non-monetary costs such as; reduced operational efficiency, adverse publicity, unfavorable working conditions and political consequences.
COUNTERMEASURE
The kinds of threats or risks affecting the assets to be safeguarded.
LOSS EVENT PROFILE
The change or likelihood that a loss will take place.
PROBABILITY
Indicated by a mathematical statement concerning the possibility of an event occurring.
PROBABILITY
The impact of a loss as measured in financial terms. How important it is in terms of the survival or existence of the organization.
CRITICALLY
Percentage of Impact: 100% Fatal, 75% Very serious, 50% Average, 25% Less serious, 0% Unimportant.
CRITICALLY UNKNOWN
Eliminating or removing the risk totally from the business, government or industrial environment for which the risk manager has the responsibility.
RISK AVOIDANCE
Decreasing the risk by minimizing the probability of the potential loss. The reduction of the criminal opportunity is often accomplished by situational crime prevention strategies to discourage, deter or deny criminal incidents.
RISK REDUCTION
Spreading the risk through compartmentations or decentralization to limit the impact (critically) of the potential loss.
RISK SPREADING
Moving the financial impact of the potential loss over to an insurance company.
RISK TRANSFER
Planned assumption and acceptance of the potential risk by making a deliberate managerial decision of;
Doing nothing about the threat or
Setting aside resources for use in case of a specific loss incident.
RISK ASSUMPTION
Is an important phenomenon, which has negative influence on human society. The negative effect is a common sign of security breach and crisis.
CRISIS
Is a scientific discipline focused on the theoretic aspects of crisis research, mainly on nature and causes of crisis.
CRISIS THEORY
Is a situation which cannot be predicted. The complications are created by a negative event of large scale (for example, natural disasters, the sharp fall in the price of the shares on the stock exchange, large-scale attack of an unknown computer virus, and so on).
UNEXPECTED AND LARGE NEGATIVE SITUATION
Is a special kind of management created for managing and overcoming the crisis. The activation of new forces and equipment is a basic crisis measure.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
The nature of the crisis arising is based on the unmanaged control. The crisis usually includes periods (stages) of latent symptoms, acute, chronic and resolved/unresolved crisis. In the stage of latent symptoms, the accumulation of unresolved problems happens.
UNMANAGED CONTROL
The crisis theory and the theory of safety and security represent the common form of scientific knowledge, which gives the systematic view about laws and main substantial relations, reasons and conclusions of special types of negative effect affecting reference objects.
RELATIONS BETWEEN CRISIS AND SAFETY AND SECURITY
Is a scientific discipline which researches relations between cause and effect. The term causality has evolved from the Latin word “causa”. The cause is relation, where cause and effect are mutually connected.
CAUSALITY
Determines that anything that happens has at least one cause, and also any cause has future consequences. The same causes create the same effects. It is structured by a causal relationship (causal nexus).
LAW OF CAUSALITY
Is an expression of the relationship between two events, where one of them raises and the second is called the “cause”. Basically, the reason is the term, which causes effect.
CAUSALITY
Is key for the theory of safety and security. It allows establishing a logic chain of causes of security or safety violation. From this point of view of safety or security, there is inadequate position of causality.
CAUSALITY
A short, sudden unexpected event or occurrence that results in an unwanted and undesirable outcome and must directly or indirectly be the result of human activity rather than natural event.
ACCIDENT
In unexpected and usually unpleasant things that happen.
INCIDENT
Is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage- but had the potential to do so.
NEAR MISS
Created by social environment or acquired by ancestry.
FAULT OF PERSONS
Where and how a person was raised and educated.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT / ANCESTRY
Assume that accidents are the culmination of a series of events or circumstances which interact sequentially with each other in an linear fashion and thus accidents are preventable by eliminating one of the causes in linear sequence.
SIMPLE LINEAR MODELS
Are based on the presumption that accidents are as a result of a combination of unsafe acts and latent hazard conditions within the system will follow a linear part. The factors furthest away from the accident are attributed to actions of the organization or environment factors at the sharp end being where humans ultimately interact closest to the accident’ the resultant assumption being that accidents could be prevented by focusing on strengthening barriers and defenses.
COMPLEX LINEAR MODELS
Developed by H.W. Heinrich, a safety engineer and pioneer in the field of industrial security and safety. According to Heinrich, an “accident” is one factor in a sequence that may lead to an injury.
DOMINO THEORY
The factors can be visualized as a series of dominoes standing on edge; when one fails, the linkage required for a chain reaction is completed. Each of the factors is dependent on the preceding factor.
DOMINO THEORY
Control Hazards through product design or process change.
ENGINEERING
Train workers regarding all facets of safety impose on management that attention to safety pays off.
EDUCATION
Insure those internal and external rules, regulations, and standards operating procedure are followed by workers as well as management.
ENFORCEMENT
Heinrich posed a model in terms of a single Domino leading to an accident.
HUMAN FACTORS THEORY
-The work task is beyond the capability of the worker
- Includes physical and psychological factors
- Influenced by environmental factors, internal factors and situational factors.
OVERLOAD
- To hazards and safety measures (worker’s fault)
- To incompatible work station (management, environment faults)
INAPPROPRIATE WORKER RESPONSE
- Lack of training and misjudgment of risk
- But the structure of this theories still a cause/effect format.
INAPPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
Extension of human factors theory. Here, the following new elements are introduced:
- Ergonomic traps – these are incompatible work stations, tools or expectations (management failure).
- Decision to err – Unconscious or Conscious (Personal failure).
- Systems failure – Management failure (policy, training, etc.)
ACCIDENT / INCIDENT THEORY
This field studies relationship between environmental factors and disease can be used to study causal factors in a relationship.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY
Tendencies may predispose worker to certain actions
PREDISPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS
The highest law is the law of preservation; By instinct, man naturally react to protect himself, his honor, freedom, liberty and property from danger, threat or hazard. He does it personally and/or thru the help of others.
NATURAL AUTHORITY
The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the state and, in the fulfillment, thereof; all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, or to render personal military civil service. (Art.II Sec.4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
No person shall be deprived of live, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. (Art III Sec.1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (Art. III Sec. 9 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall be issue except upon examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. (Art. III, Sec.2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.)
NATIONAL AUTHORITY
The Revised Penal Code. (Act No.3815, as amended)
The applicable provisions of the Code on Crime against Person, Personal Liberty and security and property have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY
