Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Early Intervention > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Talk about Baby’s Swallowing Structures. What are the swallowing processes?

A
  • Oral Preparatory Phase
  • Oral Phase
  • Pharyngeal Phase
  • Esophageal Phase- UES connect the pharynx to the esophagus, UES immediately shuts, esophagus moves bolus to stomach via peristalsis, LES allows bolus through to stomach, LES immediately shuts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the hyoid bone important?

A
  • The upper hyoid bone attaches to the posterior base of the soft palate.
  • The inferior/lower parts of the hyoid bone attach to the clavicle, sternum, and rib cage.
  • Contributes to oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal movements.
    ** Babies who achieve elongation do not have issues with the hyoid bone.
    ** Babies who have underlying conditions will have difficulties with elongation; their rib cage will remain elevated and their swallowing structures will remain squished without room to function.
    ** This leads to dysphagia, phonation issues, and respiratory issues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List all of the possible syndromes reviewed so far.

A

DiGeorge Syndrome
Pierre Robin Syndrome
Downs Syndrome
Treacher-Collins Syndrome
Stickler Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cleft Palate

A
  • Fusion from the lips to the hard palate and/or soft palate.
  • Important to identify where glitch occurs in utero and severity level.
  • mild cleft with lip only may indicate glitch at 6-7 weeks in utero
  • More severe cleft (bilateral, cleft at hard/soft palate) may indicate a glitch in utero at 6-10 weeks, meaning for more weeks at a time.
    ** Babies with only cleft palate are cognitively intact!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fetal Oral Development

A
  • Lips of the fetus for between 6-8 weeks or at 7-9 weeks
  • Maxillary processes fuse to form upper lip and beginning of palate by 7 weeks.
  • Palate forms at 8-10 weeks or 10-12 weeks.
  • Hard palate begins to connect from front to back by around week 9.
  • Completion of palatal process at 12 weeks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the feeding techniques and specialized bottles?

A

Haberman- feeder driven, costly, expels milk into babys mouth with minimal pressure from babys lips, can adjust flow rate, used for babies who do not have intra-oral pressure
Dr. Brown’s- infant driven, readily available many pieces to clean
MEAD Johnson- disposable, has longer nipple, easier flow with cross cut, squeezey bottle
Supplemental Nursing System (SNS)- tube that is pinned or worn as a necklace that goes alongside the nipple.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the nasoalveolar molding device (NAM)?

A
  • orthopedic device for cleft palate babies
    -slowly reduces cleft 2-3mms every 1-2 weeks with follow ups
  • not ideal due to so many follow ups
  • seems uncomfy for baby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the pros and cons of the supplemental nursing system?

A

PROS
CONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the bottom of the hyoid bone connected to?

A

The clavicle, sternum, larynx, and rib cage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the rooting response/reflex? When should it start to disappear/integrate?

A
  • When the side of baby’s face is stimulated, her head turns along with the tongue, lips, and jaw to that side.
  • Baby will open her mouth to search for the nipple.
  • This is a primitive reflex.
  • This response is neurological.
  • The rooting response/reflex should start to disappear at 4 months.
  • 6 months should be the latest time of presence.
  • Presence of the rooting response after 6 months may be an indicator for possible neurological issues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does lingual lateralization fully emerge/is functionally present? What is it for?

A
  • Might start at 4-5 months, through not expected.
  • First emerges at 6-8 months.
  • Functionally present at 8-9 months
  • Used for processing and manipulating foods into bolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between suckling and sucking?

A

SUCKLING
- newborn to 3-4 months
- tongue moves anterior-posterior in a licking motion
- in conjunction with mandible movements
- structures do no move separately that much
- lips flange around the nipple but there is no suction.
- will suckle spoon with puree foods.

SUCKING
- as elongation occurs, structures descend downward.
- structure move independently
- infant begins to suckle and suck, meaning there is both licking and suction.
- combination of both.
- dominant sucking at 8-9 months.
- fully sucking at 10-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the hallmarks of DiGeorge Syndrome?

A
  • Genetic disorder, missing chromosome 22
  • heart defects
  • cleft palate
  • developmental delays
  • hypotonia
  • immune system complications
  • lifelong with many therapies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the hallmarks of Treacher-Collins syndrome?

A
  • genetic condition
  • craniofacial deformities
  • absent cheekbones
  • downward slanting eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the hallmarks of Stickler Syndrome?

A
  • connective tissue disorder
  • leads to distinctive facial features
  • hearing loss
  • joint issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the hallmarks of Downs Syndrome?

A
  • Congenital condition
  • extra chromosome 21
  • flattened face, especially bridge of the nose
  • almond shaped eyes that slant up
  • short neck
  • small ear, hands, and feet, pinkies
  • tongue protrusion
  • white spots on iris
  • hypotonia
  • short in height
  • hearing difficulty, ear infections
  • sleep apnea
  • eye diseases
  • heart disease
17
Q

What are the hallmarks of Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

Micrognathia- recessed/abnormally small chin. (think micro for small and gnathia for nega chin)
Glossoptosis- downward displacement of the tongue, creates airway obstruction (think topsy turvy tongue)
- Cleft palate or high arched palate
- babies advised to sleep face down to avoid choking during sleep.
- no known cause
- may get mandibular distraction surgery

18
Q

When do Baby’s stages of vision occur?

A
  • Younger infant sees from one eye at a time (monocular
  • After 2-3 months binocular
19
Q

What is baby led weaning? What are the pros and cons?

A

BLW
- Method of adding complementary foods to a baby’s diet, allowing them to feed themselves.

PROS
CONS

20
Q

When are Baby’s sounds made independent of moving?

A

after 12 months

21
Q

When is phonation in Baby in conjunction with movement?

A

before 12 months

22
Q

What is elongation? Why is it important for Baby?

A
23
Q

List and define the six types of newborn movements.

A
  • Progression movements: extension movements of one to all limbs, head does not move
  • Symmetrical movements- total body movements that occur more slowly than progression movements
  • Startle Reflex- quick brief movements into flexion, hands are closed
  • Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)- when the head turns to one side and the arm and leg on the opposite side start flexing
  • Facial movements- random grimaces, smiles, eyelid movements, sucking, and tongue movements
  • Isolated movements- specific spontaneous movements of the wrists, fingers, and toes. Extensions and abductions
  • Movements are random and a continuation of movements that occured in utero
  • Can vary with position and arousal
  • Practice for beginning active movements
24
Q

What is physiological flexion?

A
  • When babies are born their structures are squished together.
  • This provides them with postural stability.
  • If you stretch the baby out of this position they curl right back up.
  • Should disappear after a few months.
25
Q

List the cranial nerves and their functions in relation to Baby.

A
26
Q

What kind of intraoral pressure is required for appropriate sucking?

A
  • negative sucking pressure
  • cleft palate baby does not have anatomy to encompass natural negative pressure atmospheres of the oral cavity.
27
Q

Describe the typical respiratory process of newborn Baby.

A
  • diaphragm is the primary muscle for inspiration.
  • muscle is positioned higher in thoracic cavity at rest to allow for efficiency
  • ribs and sternum are primarily cartilaginous at birth to allow for flexibility
  • diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates thorax from abdominal cavities
  • abdominal wall is pushed outward
    -lower ribs are pushed outward
    *** RESULTS IN RIB FLARING
28
Q

Discuss the functions of Newborn Baby.

A
  • lungs filled with fluid, absorbed into respiratory system
  • takes first gasping breath within 10 seconds
  • blood flow resistance increases
  • physiological flexion
  • hyoid is elevated and close to the body of the mandible
  • monocular vision
  • random movements
  • rooting response
  • minimal saliva production
  • sounds accompany movements
  • tongue takes up most space in oral cavity
29
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 1-2 months.

A
  • random movements more coordinated
  • begins to lift head off shoulder
  • oral movements begin to change shape
  • rounded rib cage, flaring evident upon inhalation
  • suckling and rooting response, rhythmic
  • more voicing evident
  • binocular vision
30
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 3-5 months.

A
  • antigravity movements, more support
  • postural stability, weight shifting
  • primitive reflexes begin to diminish
  • can reach and grab object held in front of her
  • begins to explore with mouth
  • rib cage changes shape with body movements
31
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 4-5 months.

A
  • face begins to elongate, tongue grows in length, body of mandible enlarges
  • binocular vision
  • babble emerges
  • begins biting and chewing
  • hyoid bone descends below the body of the mandible, influences development of controlled head movements and neck elongation
  • pharynx begins to elongate
  • suckling begins to shift to sucking
  • rooting response diminishes
  • oral stability
32
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 6 months.

A
  • greater anti-gravity movements
  • trunk elongation continues
  • may try to get into quadruped
  • can sit in supported high chair
  • vocalizes while sitting, bable are longer and repetitive
  • combo of sucking and suckling
  • rooting not present
33
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 7-9 months.

A
  • vision and hand object manipulation to explore
  • everything goes in the mouth
  • improved postural support and more free movement
  • quadruped
  • and sit and play with objects with both hands
  • begins to navigate gravity
  • trunk rotational movements
  • rib cage and diaphragm continue to descend downward
  • sits in high chair to eat
  • Bilateral lingual lateralization
  • Diagonal rotary jaw pattern
34
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 8-9 months.

A
  • Perceives objects further away
  • greater use of abdominal muscles and trunk rotation
  • significantly decreased rib flaring
  • longer sequences of CV combos, reduplication
  • crawling
  • some self feeding
  • bottle feeding well coordinated
  • more jaw stability
35
Q

Discuss the functions of Baby at 10- 12 months.

A
  • pulls to stand
  • spends most time upright
  • easier transitions
  • w sitting initially is typical
  • cruising
  • buccals thin
  • starts lateralizing tongue to both sides for bolus transfer
  • teeth emerge
  • longer chains of babbling and first words emerge
36
Q

What are some cultural differences with feeding?

A

Types of food, furniture, utensils, length of nursing

Early Intervention (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions