Midterm

Question 1

describe the consonant “m” and include examples

Answer 1

bilabial, stop (nasal), voiced
mat, map, main

Question 2

describe the consonant “n” and include examples

Answer 2

alveolar, stop (nasal), voiced
nap, nature, knock

Question 3

describe the consonant “ŋ” and include examples

Answer 3

velar, stop (nasal), voiced

Question 4

describe the consonant “p” and include examples

Answer 4

bilabial, stop (oral), voiceless
pat, pair, pain

Question 5

describe the consonant “t” and include examples

Answer 5

alveolar, stop (oral), voiceless
tap, tan, tear

Question 6

describe the consonant “k” and include examples

Answer 6

velar, stop (oral), voiceless
can, kite, care

Question 7

describe the consonant “b” and include examples

Answer 7

bilabial, stop (oral), voiced
bat, bear, boat

Question 8

describe the consonant “d” and include examples

Answer 8

alveolar, stop (oral), voiced
date, dare, dont

Question 9

describe the consonant “g” and include examples

Answer 9

velar, stop (oral), voiced
gain, get, game

Question 10

describe the consonant “f” and include examples

Answer 10

labiodental, fricative, voiceless
fair, fan, favor

Question 11

describe the consonant “θ” and include examples

Answer 11

dental, fricative, voiceless
thigh, through, wrath

Question 12

describe the consonant “s” and include examples

Answer 12

alveolar, fricative, voiceless
Sarah, saw, sage

Question 13

describe the consonant “ʃ” and include examples

Answer 13

palato-alveolar, fricative, voiceless
share, mission, nation

Question 14

describe the consonant “h” and include examples

Answer 14

glottal, fricative, voiceless
hair, hand, who

Question 15

describe the consonant “v” and include examples

Answer 15

labiodental, fricative, voiced
vat, very, vain

Question 16

describe the consonant “ð” and include examples

Answer 16

dental, fricative, voiced
thy, their, weather

Question 17

describe the consonant “z” and include examples

Answer 17

alveolar, fricative, voiced
zap, kisses, design

Question 18

describe the consonant “ʒ” and include examples

Answer 18

palato-alveolar, fricative, voiced
measure, vision, casual

Question 19

describe the consonant “t͡ʃ” and include examples

Answer 19

palato-alveolar, affricate, voiceless
choke, match, chair

Question 20

describe the consonant “d͡ʒ” and include examples

Answer 20

palato-alveolar, affricate, voiced
judge, region

Question 21

describe the consonant “w” and include examples

Answer 21

bilabial/velar, approximant, voiced
witch, wound

Question 22

describe the consonant “ɹ” and include examples

Answer 22

alveolar, approximant, voiced
round, rare, rain

Question 23

describe the consonant “j” and include examples

Answer 23

palatal, approximant, voiced
yes, amuse, youth

Question 24

describe the consonant “l” and include examples

Answer 24

alveolar, lateral, voiced
leaf, lead, lateral

Question 25

describe the consonant "ɫ" and include examples

Answer 25

velar, lateral, voiced waffle, call, full

Question 26

describe the consonant "ɾ" and include examples

Answer 26

flap or tap Betty, daddy, city

Question 27

describe the consonant "ʔ" and include examples

Answer 27

glottal bottle, button, glottal

Question 28

describe the vowel "i" and include examples

Answer 28

high and front beet, believe, amoeba

Question 29

describe the vowel "u" and include examples

Answer 29

high and back boot, through, duty, too

Question 30

describe the vowel "ɪ" and include examples

Answer 30

mid-high and front consist, bin, been

Question 31

describe the vowel "ʊ" and include examples

Answer 31

mid-high and back book, butcher, could

Question 32

describe the vowel "e" and include examples

Answer 32

mid and front bate, great, they, ray

Question 33

describe the vowel "ɝ" and include examples

Answer 33

mid and central person, earnest, dirt, germ

Question 34

describe the vowel "o" and include examples

Answer 34

mid and back coat, go, throw

Question 35

describe the vowel "ə" and include examples

Answer 35

mid and central sofa, alone, principal, the

Question 36

describe the vowel "ɚ" and include examples

Answer 36

mid and central tender, center, glitter

Question 37

describe the vowel "ɛ" and include examples

Answer 37

mid-low and front bet, says, guest, dead

Question 38

describe the vowel "ɔ" and include examples

Answer 38

mid-low and back caught, wrong, saw

Question 39

describe the vowel "æ" and include examples

Answer 39

low and front act, laugh, rally

Question 40

describe the vowel "ʌ" and include examples

Answer 40

low and central cut, tough, oven, does

Question 41

describe the vowel "ɑ" and include examples

Answer 41

low and back cot, father, palm, honor

Question 42

describe the vowel "aɪ" and include examples

Answer 42

dipthong bite, choir, by, island

Question 43

describe the vowel "aʊ" and include examples

Answer 43

dipthong about, down, coward

Question 44

describe the vowel "ɔɪ" and include examples

Answer 44

dipthong boy, enjoy

Question 45

describe feature theory

Answer 45

markedness: constants are assumed to be central instead of lateral and oral instead of nasal

Question 46

describe how nasal sounds are produced

Answer 46

the velum goes down to close the oral tract which causes air to come out of the nasal tract

Question 47

describe source filter theory

Answer 47

energy from a source is modified by a set of filters

Question 48

describe the source in source filter theory

Answer 48

respiratory system

Question 49

describe the filter in source filter theory

Answer 49

larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity

Question 50

voiceless stops become -------- when stressed and in syllable initial

Answer 50

Aspirated (diacritic h)

Question 51

voiceless stops become ------- after /s/ at the beginning of the syllable

Answer 51

unaspirated

Question 52

approximants become partially devoiced after-----------

Answer 52

voiceless aspirated stops (diacritic degree o)

Question 53

stops are unreleased before -----

Answer 53

stops (diacritic square corner)

Question 54

vowels are preceded by ------ ------- at the start of an utterance

Answer 54

glottal stop (diacritic glottal stop)

Question 55

voiceless stops and affricates are preceded by a ------ ------ after a vowel and the end of the word

Answer 55

glottal stop

Question 56

voiceless alveolar stops (t) become ------ ------ before a nasal in the same word

Answer 56

glottal stop

Question 57

alveolar stops (t or d) become a ------ between a stressed vowel and an unstressed vowel

Answer 57

voiced flap (diacritic tap)

Question 58

nasals become ------ at the end of the word and after an obstruent (fricatives, stops, affricates)

Answer 58

syllabic (diacritic , under a letter)

Question 59

liquids become ------- at the end of the word and after a consonant

Answer 59

syllabic

Question 60

alveolars become ----- before dentals

Answer 60

dentalized (diacritic half a tiny square under letter)

Question 61

laterals become ------ after a vowel and before a consonant or at the end of a word

Answer 61

velarized (diacritic about sign on the L)

Question 62

vowels become ------- before nasals

Answer 62

nasalized (diacritic about sign above letter)

Question 63

Alveolars include:

Answer 63

t, d, n, s, z, ɹ, l

Question 64

Alveolar stops include:

Answer 64

t,d

Question 65

voiceless alveolar stops include:

Answer 65

t

Question 66

voiceless stops include:

Answer 66

p, t, k

Question 67

voiceless affricates include:

Answer 67

tʃ

Question 68

stops include

Answer 68

p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ŋ

Question 69

Nasals include

Answer 69

n, m, ŋ

Question 70

voiced approximants include:

Answer 70

w, j, ɹ, l

Question 71

liquids include:

Answer 71

ɹ, l