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Phonology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

describe the consonant “m” and include examples

A

bilabial, stop (nasal), voiced
mat, map, main

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2
Q

describe the consonant “n” and include examples

A

alveolar, stop (nasal), voiced
nap, nature, knock

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3
Q

describe the consonant “ŋ” and include examples

A

velar, stop (nasal), voiced

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4
Q

describe the consonant “p” and include examples

A

bilabial, stop (oral), voiceless
pat, pair, pain

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5
Q

describe the consonant “t” and include examples

A

alveolar, stop (oral), voiceless
tap, tan, tear

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6
Q

describe the consonant “k” and include examples

A

velar, stop (oral), voiceless
can, kite, care

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7
Q

describe the consonant “b” and include examples

A

bilabial, stop (oral), voiced
bat, bear, boat

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8
Q

describe the consonant “d” and include examples

A

alveolar, stop (oral), voiced
date, dare, dont

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9
Q

describe the consonant “g” and include examples

A

velar, stop (oral), voiced
gain, get, game

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10
Q

describe the consonant “f” and include examples

A

labiodental, fricative, voiceless
fair, fan, favor

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11
Q

describe the consonant “θ” and include examples

A

dental, fricative, voiceless
thigh, through, wrath

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12
Q

describe the consonant “s” and include examples

A

alveolar, fricative, voiceless
Sarah, saw, sage

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13
Q

describe the consonant “ʃ” and include examples

A

palato-alveolar, fricative, voiceless
share, mission, nation

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14
Q

describe the consonant “h” and include examples

A

glottal, fricative, voiceless
hair, hand, who

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15
Q

describe the consonant “v” and include examples

A

labiodental, fricative, voiced
vat, very, vain

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16
Q

describe the consonant “ð” and include examples

A

dental, fricative, voiced
thy, their, weather

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17
Q

describe the consonant “z” and include examples

A

alveolar, fricative, voiced
zap, kisses, design

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18
Q

describe the consonant “ʒ” and include examples

A

palato-alveolar, fricative, voiced
measure, vision, casual

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19
Q

describe the consonant “t͡ʃ” and include examples

A

palato-alveolar, affricate, voiceless
choke, match, chair

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20
Q

describe the consonant “d͡ʒ” and include examples

A

palato-alveolar, affricate, voiced
judge, region

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21
Q

describe the consonant “w” and include examples

A

bilabial/velar, approximant, voiced
witch, wound

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22
Q

describe the consonant “ɹ” and include examples

A

alveolar, approximant, voiced
round, rare, rain

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23
Q

describe the consonant “j” and include examples

A

palatal, approximant, voiced
yes, amuse, youth

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24
Q

describe the consonant “l” and include examples

A

alveolar, lateral, voiced
leaf, lead, lateral

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25
Q

describe the consonant “ɫ” and include examples

A

velar, lateral, voiced
waffle, call, full

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26
Q

describe the consonant “ɾ” and include examples

A

flap or tap
Betty, daddy, city

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27
Q

describe the consonant “ʔ” and include examples

A

glottal
bottle, button, glottal

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28
Q

describe the vowel “i” and include examples

A

high and front
beet, believe, amoeba

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29
Q

describe the vowel “u” and include examples

A

high and back
boot, through, duty, too

30
Q

describe the vowel “ɪ” and include examples

A

mid-high and front
consist, bin, been

31
Q

describe the vowel “ʊ” and include examples

A

mid-high and back
book, butcher, could

32
Q

describe the vowel “e” and include examples

A

mid and front
bate, great, they, ray

33
Q

describe the vowel “ɝ” and include examples

A

mid and central
person, earnest, dirt, germ

34
Q

describe the vowel “o” and include examples

A

mid and back
coat, go, throw

35
Q

describe the vowel “ə” and include examples

A

mid and central
sofa, alone, principal, the

36
Q

describe the vowel “ɚ” and include examples

A

mid and central
tender, center, glitter

37
Q

describe the vowel “ɛ” and include examples

A

mid-low and front
bet, says, guest, dead

38
Q

describe the vowel “ɔ” and include examples

A

mid-low and back
caught, wrong, saw

39
Q

describe the vowel “æ” and include examples

A

low and front
act, laugh, rally

40
Q

describe the vowel “ʌ” and include examples

A

low and central
cut, tough, oven, does

41
Q

describe the vowel “ɑ” and include examples

A

low and back
cot, father, palm, honor

42
Q

describe the vowel “aɪ” and include examples

A

dipthong
bite, choir, by, island

43
Q

describe the vowel “aʊ” and include examples

A

dipthong
about, down, coward

44
Q

describe the vowel “ɔɪ” and include examples

A

dipthong
boy, enjoy

45
Q

describe feature theory

A

markedness: constants are assumed to be central instead of lateral and oral instead of nasal

46
Q

describe how nasal sounds are produced

A

the velum goes down to close the oral tract which causes air to come out of the nasal tract

47
Q

describe source filter theory

A

energy from a source is modified by a set of filters

48
Q

describe the source in source filter theory

A

respiratory system

49
Q

describe the filter in source filter theory

A

larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity

50
Q

voiceless stops become ——– when stressed and in syllable initial

A

Aspirated (diacritic h)

51
Q

voiceless stops become ——- after /s/ at the beginning of the syllable

A

unaspirated

52
Q

approximants become partially devoiced after———–

A

voiceless aspirated stops (diacritic degree o)

53
Q

stops are unreleased before —–

A

stops (diacritic square corner)

54
Q

vowels are preceded by —— ——- at the start of an utterance

A

glottal stop (diacritic glottal stop)

55
Q

voiceless stops and affricates are preceded by a —— —— after a vowel and the end of the word

A

glottal stop

56
Q

voiceless alveolar stops (t) become —— —— before a nasal in the same word

A

glottal stop

57
Q

alveolar stops (t or d) become a —— between a stressed vowel and an unstressed vowel

A

voiced flap (diacritic tap)

58
Q

nasals become —— at the end of the word and after an obstruent (fricatives, stops, affricates)

A

syllabic (diacritic , under a letter)

59
Q

liquids become ——- at the end of the word and after a consonant

A

syllabic

60
Q

alveolars become —– before dentals

A

dentalized (diacritic half a tiny square under letter)

61
Q

laterals become —— after a vowel and before a consonant or at the end of a word

A

velarized (diacritic about sign on the L)

62
Q

vowels become ——- before nasals

A

nasalized (diacritic about sign above letter)

63
Q

Alveolars include:

A

t, d, n, s, z, ɹ, l

64
Q

Alveolar stops include:

A

t,d

65
Q

voiceless alveolar stops include:

A

t

66
Q

voiceless stops include:

A

p, t, k

67
Q

voiceless affricates include:

A

tʃ

68
Q

stops include

A

p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ŋ

69
Q

Nasals include

A

n, m, ŋ

70
Q

voiced approximants include:

A

w, j, ɹ, l

71
Q

liquids include:

A

ɹ, l

Phonology (1 decks)

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