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LS 221 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

BASIC RESEARCH

A
  • increase knowledge
    • Biological, physical or social world
    • Might shed light on a religious or phenomenon
    • Develop and test:
      · Theories
      · Methods
      · Procedures/techniques
    • Advance our theoretical understanding
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2
Q

APPLIED RESEARCH

A
  • Solve a problem
    • Apply methods and theories to real world problems
    • Inform decision making
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3
Q

DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES (3)

A
  1. OBSERVATIONAL
    • Things we see around us
    • Ex: ethnography
    1. CASE STUDY
      - Describes what is happening at that moment, “how many people have hats on in class today” BECAUSE things will constantly change
      - Ex: cross- sectional
    2. SURVEY METHOD
      - Opinion polls
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4
Q

CORRELATIONAL STUDIES

A
  • Explores relationships between variables
    • The what…
    • Not cause and effect

POSITIVE CORRELATION
- ALL dots are moving up
- One influences the other

NEGATIVE CORRELATION
- ALL dots are going down
- One influences the other

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5
Q

EXPLORATORY STUDIES

A
  • Examine and explain relationships between variables
    • Can ask questions, and ask why the nature of that happens
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6
Q

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

A
  1. RESEARCH IDEA
    1. LITERATURE REVIEW
    2. HYPOTHESIS FORMUATION
    3. RESEARCH DESIGN
    4. DATA COLLECTION
    5. DATA ANALYSIS
    6. DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS
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7
Q

QUANTITATIVE EQUATION

A

Theory
I
Hypothesis (GOING DOWN)
I
Observation
I
Confirmation

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8
Q

QUALITATIVE EQUATION

A

THEORY
^
HYPOTHESIS (GOING UP)
^
PATTERN
^
OBSERVATION

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9
Q

QUAN

A
  • OBJECTIVE
    • Aim: causation or explain what is observed
    • Narrow focus but draws info from larger sample
    • Data: numbers and statistics
    • Analysis: uses statistics and charts and discusses how to get hypothesis
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10
Q

QUAL

A
  • SUBJECTIVE
    • Design emerges as the study unfolds
    • Broad focus but collects info from smaller sample
    • Data: words, pictures or objects
    • Analysis: themes emerge through narrative descriptions and observations
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11
Q

MIXED METHODS

A

ADVANTAGE
- Holistic
- Verification of results (triangulation: we get all of the benefits form both)
- How, why and why
- Combines strengths of both to improve depth and accuracy

DISADVANTAGE
- More time
- More resources
- More participants
- Data disagreements

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12
Q

4 P’S OF HYPOTHESIS REVIEW

A
  1. PEOPLE
  2. PROBLEMS
  3. PHENONMENON
  4. POLICIES
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13
Q

HYPOTHESIS

A
  • Statement that expresses a possible relationship between variables or phenomena
    • Based on existing knowledge, theory, or observation
    • More of a statement, generally known
    • This is connected with this
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14
Q

RESEARCH QUESTION

A
  • Question that seeks to explore or explain as aspect of your topic
    • Does not make any assumption or claims
    • Are street youth more likely to be stopped and searched by police than high school students?
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15
Q

IDENTIFYING VARIBALES

A
  1. CONCEPT VS VARIABLE
    1. TYPES OF VARIABLES
    2. TYPES OF MEASUREMENT SCALES
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16
Q

CONCEPT

A
  • IDEAS, IMPRESSIONS, OBSERVATIONS
  • SUBJECTIVE
17
Q

VARIABLES

A
  • MEASURABLE AND RELATE TO CONCEPT
  • OBJECTIVE
18
Q

CONCEPTUAL FORM OF HYPOTH

A

Study —————–> academic performance
How can I measure that??

19
Q

OPERATIONAL FORM OF HYPOTH

A

of hours studying —————-> exam results
SOMETHING YOU CAN MEASURE

20
Q

INDIRECT MEASURES

A
  • HAPPINESS, SATISFACTION
21
Q

DIRECT MEASURES

A
  • GPA, BODY WEIGHT
22
Q

INTERVENING + EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES

A
23
Q

CATEGORICAL (QUAL) UOM

A
  • NOMINAL (name: gender, male/female, trans etc)
  • ORDINAL (rank order, < vs >: attitudes, agree, neutral disagree)
24
Q

CONTINUOUS (QUAN) UOM

A
  • INTERVAL (diff bt units, diff meaningful, not true 0: thermometer, weather degrees)
  • RATIO SCALES (same as interval absolute 0: meter stick, measuring tape)
25
Q

ATRRIBUTES VS VARIABLES

A

VARIABLE: observation/ entity that can take on diff values

ATTRIBUTE: specific value of variable; cheese on the pizza

26
Q

VARIABLES SHOULD BE:

A
  1. EXHAUSTIVE: include all possible answers
  2. MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE: shouldn’t be able to choose 2 things at a time
27
Q

LITERATURE REVIEW

A
    • An account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers
      • Synthesis and evaluation of literature
28
Q

HOW DO WE DO A LIT REVIEW (3)

A

Conceptualize
* - Use RQ/topic as a guide
* - Discipline or subject area (sociology, criminology/legal studies, social work, etc)

* Locate 
* -  One of the best places to find resources... 
* -  Reference list of articles you are examining 

* Selection and rejection  - Asses the overall quality of the reference
29
Q

?WHAT IS ETHICS

A
  • principles
  • set of guidelines that reflect human behaviour
30
Q
A

LS 221 (1 decks)

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