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Intro to Public Health > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment

A

health

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2
Q

A. A group of people who have common characteristics
1. Can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or common bonds
B. Characterized by
1. Membership, common symbol systems, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs and commitment to meeting them, shared emotional connection

A

community

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3
Q

shades of skin, biological features

A

race

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4
Q

cultural beliefs

A

ethnicity

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5
Q

actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur, most inclusive term

A

public health

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6
Q

health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health

A

community health

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7
Q

takes a broader perspective, looking at the health outcomes of an entire population, which can include diverse communities and individuals

A

population health

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8
Q

health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries (the world)

A

global health

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9
Q

Individual actions and decision making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members

A

Personal health activities

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10
Q

Activities aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community

A

Community/public health activities

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11
Q

3 classifications based on funding sources, responsibilities, and organizational structure

A

Governmental
Quasi-governmental
Nongovernmental

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12
Q

most widely recognized international governmental health organization

A

World Health Organizations (WHO)

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13
Q

study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems

A

epidemiology

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14
Q

one who practices epidemiology

A

epidemiologist

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15
Q

disease that occurs at an expected level in a population or in a certain location

A

endemic

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16
Q

similar to an epidemic except that it is used for more limited geographical areas

A

outbreak

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17
Q

unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or event in a particular population

A

epidemic

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18
Q

outbreak over wide geographical area

A

pandemic

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19
Q

Found cholera outbreak in London; Used mapping and analytic sources to find the source of the outbreak

A

John Snow

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20
Q

allow for comparison of outbreaks at different times or in different places

A

rates

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21
Q

those susceptible to particular disease or condition

A

population at risk

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22
Q

people afflicted (those who are sick)

A

cases

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23
Q

Number of new health-related events or cases of a disease, divided by population at risk

A

incidence rate

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24
Q

Number of new and old cases in a given period of time, divided by the total number in that population

A

prevalence rate

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25
Q

Diseases of local public health concern; designated by states

A

reportable diseases

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26
Q

Conditions that warrant monitoring; designated by the CDC and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)

A

notifiable diseases

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27
Q

Average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time

A

life expectancy

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28
Q

Number of years lost when death occurs before one’s life expectancy; Subtract person’s age at death from his or her life expectancy

A

Years of Potential Life Lost

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29
Q

Data collected by someone else, possibly for another purpose; Useful in planning of public health programs and facilities

A

Secondary data

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30
Q

summaries of records of major life events: birth, death, marriage, divorce, infant deaths

A

vital statistics

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31
Q

Investigations carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers

A

Epidemiological Studies

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32
Q

diseases for which biological agents or their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another

A

Communicable (infectious) diseases

33
Q

ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host

A

Infectivity

34
Q

cause of disease or health problem

A

Agent

35
Q

susceptible person or organism invaded by an infectious agent

A

Host

36
Q

factors that inhibit or promote disease transmission

A

Environment

37
Q

capability of a communicable agent to cause disease in susceptible host

A

Pathogenicity

38
Q

illnesses that cannot be transmitted from one person to another

A

Noncommunicable (noninfectious) diseases

39
Q

diseases in which peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within 3 months

A

Acute

40
Q

diseases or conditions in which symptoms continue longer than 3 months

A

Chronic

41
Q

Step-by-step model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host

A

Chain of Infection

42
Q

disease-causing agent (virus, bacterium, etc.)

A

Pathogen

43
Q

favorable environment for infectious agent to live and grow (human, animal, etc.)

A

Reservoir

44
Q

path by which agent leaves host

A

Port of Exit

45
Q

how pathogens are passed from reservoir to next host

A

Transmission

46
Q

where agent enters susceptible host

A

Portal of Entry

47
Q

susceptible to new infection being established

A

New host

48
Q

diseases for which the reservoir resides in animal populations

A

Zoonoses

49
Q

diseases for which humans are the only known reservoir

A

Anthroponoses

50
Q

immediate transfer of disease agent between infected and susceptible individuals
ex) Touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse

A

Direct transmission

51
Q

transmission involving an intermediate step
ex) Airborne, vehicleborne, vector borne, biological

A

Indirect transmission

52
Q

nonliving objects by which agents are transferred to susceptible host

A

Vehicles

53
Q

planning for and taking action to prevent or forestall onset of disease or health problems

A

Prevention

54
Q

effort to control disease in progress; taking action during an event

A

Intervention

55
Q

containment of a disease; prevention and intervention measures

A

Control

56
Q

total elimination of disease from the human population

A

Eradication

57
Q

Forestall onset of illness or injury during prepathogenesis period

A

Primary Prevention

58
Q

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease becomes advanced and disability severe

A

Secondary Prevention

59
Q

Aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis; retrain, reeducate, rehabilitate

A

Tertiary Prevention

60
Q

Contamination of the air that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms

A

Air pollution

61
Q

includes any physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make water unfit for other uses

A

Water Pollution

62
Q

To ensure employers in private sector furnish each employee a workplace free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act)

63
Q

this strategy involves shaping the physical environment to reduce or eliminate hazards

A

Environmental designs

64
Q

measures taken to organize work or manage behavior to reduce exposure to hazards

A

Administrative control

65
Q

these strategies focus on influencing individual behavior to enhance safety

A

Behavior strategies

66
Q

substance conventional or scientific that affect the functioning of the body or mind when consumed

A

Drugs

67
Q

substances that alter mental processes like mood or consciousness

A

Psychoactive drugs

68
Q

consumption of a drug for its intended purpose like enhancement of well being, medical purpose, recreation

A

Drug use

69
Q

using a drug in a way that is not recommended or for a purpose not for its intended use

A

Drug misuse

70
Q

more severe form of misuse characterized by excessive or harmful use of a drug

A

Drug abuse

71
Q

a condition where the body had adopted to the presence of a drug and stopping use leads to withdrawal symptoms

A

Drug (chemical) dependence

72
Q

form of dependence that involves a strong emotional or mental dependence on a drug

A

Psychological dependence

73
Q

Can be legally bought and sold in the marketplace; ex) Alcohol, nicotine, nonprescription (over-the-counter) drugs, prescription drugs

A

Legal Drugs

74
Q

Marijuana, narcotics, cocaine and crack cocaine, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, club drugs and designer drugs, anabolic drugs, inhalants

A

Controlled substances and illegal (illicit) drugs

75
Q

Number one drug problem in the United States

A

Alcohol

76
Q

Psychoactive and addictive drug present in tobacco products

A

Nicotine

77
Q

Legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription

A

Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTCs)

78
Q

Can be purchased only with a physician’s prescription, because they have serious side effects for some people

A

Prescription Drugs

Intro to Public Health (1 decks)

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