midterm Flashcards
like the gospel of luke <3
which of the gospels has a sequel? how are the gospel and it’s sequel framed chronologically?
the gospel of luke ends w/ disciples in jerusalem, and the Acts begins with the 12 disciples in Jerusalem.
who wrote the gospel of luke
it was anonymously written and not a disciple of jesus. however, it is traditionally believed to be a physician and a companion of Paul
Luke’s Preface and Acts Preface
Both address Theophilis
ID “Since many of undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those … most excellent Theophilus”
The preface of Luke, which many cite as evidence that the author was potentially a historian.
Who was Theophilus?
Possibly Luke’s patron, or it was as a general term for a religious person, i.e. “friend of God.”
Luke’s additions to matthew imply that he might have thought
Mark was textually insufficient
When was Luke’s Acts initially published?
According to the two source hypothesis, Luke was published after Mark, so it’s most likely that it was published sometime around 75-100 CE. This was evidenced by the fact that Luke is referenced by the Christian teacher Marcion around approximately 140 C.E.
ID: “When you see jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know its desolation has come near … and Jerusalem will be trampled on by the gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.”
Gospel of Luke, includes an explicit reference to the Roman seige of Jerusalem, which reinforces its dating to 75 to 100 CE.
Describe Lukan themes
- Emphasis on social justice and supporting/uplifting marginalized voices
- Greater role of women
- Christianity emerged from Judaism (and was not a new cult)
- Jesus was innocent!
- Jesus’ gospel was rejected by the Jewish population, with God transferring election to Gentiles
Compare and contrast the infancy narrative in matthew and luke
emergent themes appear
In matthew: magi, emphasis on joseph, king herod
In Luke: shepards, Mary and Elizabeth, Roman census
In Luke’s Gospel, judaism is referred to as
“The Way”. Luke’s Gospel is grounded in the Jewish roots of Christianity, while Luke’s sequel the Acts describes the progression of the Way from Jews to Gentiles
In Luke’s Jesus, he is a prophet ______ by his own people. How does this expand on Mark?
rejected, in contrast to Mark where he remains unrecognized “when they heard these things, all in the synagogue were filled with wrath”
How does Luke emphasize Jesus’ innocence?
Pilate actually advocates for Jesus’ behalf: “I find no basis for an accusation against this man”
ID: “then he entered the temple and began to drive out those who were selling things there….everyday he was teaching in the temple”
- Luke, where we have evidence of of Jesus’ violence being toned down
How is the Lukan theme of care for the poor and marginalized evidenced by the text?
shepards; sacrifices doves, the beatitudes directly support the poor
in what gospel do the disciples abandon Jesus and do not witness his ressurection
Mark (which makes sense, because the disciples in Mark never understand what is going on around them)
in what gospel does a risen Jesus meet with his disciples and sends them to convert all to gentiles?
Matthew
in what gospel does Jesus command his disciples to stay in Jerusalem?
Luke, narrative bridge to the acts
apology
reasoned explanation and justification of beliefs and practices theme in luke
markan priority
the view that mark was the first of the synoptic gospels to be written and was one of the sources written by Matthew and Luke
Q
source theorized to be used by both Matthew and Luke for the stories they share, principally sayings that are not found in Mark
what are our “criteria” for authenticity of a source
1) multiple independent attestation
2) embarrassment (dissimilarity)
define multiple independent attestation
if multiple people who didn’t have contact with eachother all report the same story, it is more likely to be authentic
what are we able to learn from multiple, independent attestation?
Jesus was born by a jewish mother, he had brothers, he was baptized by John the baptist, he had 12 disciples, he taught in parables, prohibited divorce, performed healing & exorcisms, caused disturbance in the temple, instituted the lord’s supper, and was crucified
define dissimilarity in the context of the new testament and provide examples
the principle indicates that if it’s embarassing to early christians it’s more likely to be authentic
- baptized by John the baptist
- crucifixtion
Describe the two predominant schools of thoughts surrounding the Gospel of Jesus
1) the social gospel of Jesus –> Jesus preached a gospel with socially oriented principles. these people don’t believe that Jesus was a messianic figure, and that this was an artifact of rounding in Jewish people and doesn’t represent much more than that
2) the apocalyptic Jesus –> Jesus was an apocalyptic prophet who warned about incoming apocalypse, albert schweitzer argued that the historical jesus does not matter much –> the modern living Jesus is important
Describe John Dominic Crossan and the Jesus Seminar
John Dominic Crossan is a historian who argues that Jesus was effectively a marxist. The Jesus seminar was a meeting that occured between 1985 and the 1990s, in which selected fellows casted ballots on their relevance in determining who Jesus was. It was dominated by a liberal audience, where red = jesus definitely said it, black, Jesus definitely did not.
what is imminent eschatology
theological concept: the end times, or culmination of human history will occur soon
Describe Jesus’ sect in relation to imminent eschatology
Believed in it, new family, celibacy (for some).
what does sola scriptura mean
that Scripture alone is authoritative for the faith and practice of the Christian
who wrote the gospel according to mark?
it is anonymous. however, mark was a disciple of peter according to church tradition.
when was the gospel of mark written
likely during the Judean revolt, 66-73
