Midterm

Question 1

What are some negative outcomes that came from European colonization?

Answer 1

Resource extraction, reorganization of local African economies for crops and mining.
Destroying soil, exploitation of people. No major industrialization or democracy.

Question 2

How is “modernism” linked to development according to historians?

Answer 2

1940s, focused on economic development of impoverished countries to become “normal” market economies

Question 3

According to Jeff Bornstein, how does one person change the world?

Answer 3

Force multiplier - changing the world starts small, one person, and then it grows.

Question 4

Previous colonial states and the marketing board system lead decolonized states to often adopt what type of government?

Answer 4

Autocratic states, one party states

Question 5

How did the Cold War encourage autocracy and corruption?

Answer 5

Soviets and West competed for African interests and made them pick sides. Played both sides in the Cold War.

Question 6

What does Sachs specialize in that also pertains to the Sustainable Development Goals?

Answer 6

Economics and sustainable development. Ending poverty.

Question 7

What does Sachs argue in his speech at the UN Food Systems Pre-Summit?

Answer 7

We need a new system that isn’t the private sector with the US military behind it.

Question 8

What is one of the things that Sachs says the government should do?

Answer 8

G20 should become G21 (AU as 21st country).
Change of development finance, zero interest borrowing.
Need UN as the core of the world, needs to be strong.
Tax billionaires

Question 9

Pros to world factory

Answer 9

International trade grows economies, lower prices for stuff bc it can be made more efficiently

Question 10

Cons to world factory

Answer 10

Human rights violations bc of less regulation/enforcement, loosened employment laws, cheap labor, cheap manufacturing.

Question 11

What question does Collier pose in his TedEd talk on the “Bottom Billion?”

Answer 11

A billion people have been stuck living in economies that have been stagnant for 40 years. How can we give credible hope to these people? Alliance of compassion and enlightened self-interest.

Question 12

According to McMichael, what are the components of the “world factory?”

Answer 12

Bankable, insecure, exclude. Globalized production systems, labor exploitation, resource extraction.

Question 13

What does McMichael’s research focus on?

Answer 13

Global health and determinants of health (?). Agriculture and food. Economics. Paradoxes in development?

Question 14

Why can’t you stop growth immediately for some countries and communities (degrowth economics)?

Answer 14

Growth needs constant supply of new markets (like a drug dealer), creates newneeds and dependencies. Can’t stop growth immediately, refocus on long-term goals.

Question 15

What is included as political sources of development?

Answer 15

Property rights, rule of law, democracy, inequality, trade and foreign investment, international trade.

Question 16

Aid can have some negative results in helping developing countries. What are some of the negative results of foreign aid?

Answer 16

Corruption, debt, less bargaining power.

Question 17

What is the Washington Consensus?

Answer 17

Producing just a few things to sell abroad to get more money into the country

Question 18

What is the “White Man’s Burden?” (mentioned by Easterly)

Answer 18

The idea that we (the West) has taken it upon us to solve the developing world’s problems for them

Question 19

What approach does Easterly argue that society should transition to?

Answer 19

Customer feedback, lack of incentives, weak accountability…. Agencies are playing PR games but not on the line. Action plans should be manageable, accountable, and locally endorsed.

Question 20

Why is utilitarianism harmful? (according to Nussbaum)

Answer 20

Total averages neglect distribution, doesn’t separate different aspects of life, neglects adaptive preferences, does not give enough weight to importance of agency.

Question 21

What do Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities’ aim to do?

Answer 21

Capabilities linked to rights.
Give people options, choice to pursue it is up to them.

Question 22

What does “The Syndrome and Women” aim to demonstrate? (according to Hudson)

Answer 22

Theoretical framework - what you find in society is effective in subordinating women and creating fraternal alliances among men. Very common across human society. Starts with willingness by males to violently coerce females -> resource control, patrilineal families, son preference, low age of marriage for girls, deep inequality in family law -> Is women’s labor valuable? If yes, polygyny and bride price. If no, dowry and sex ratio alteration.

Question 23

According to Hudson, how is “The Syndrome and Women” a trap?

Answer 23

It harms the whole nation state. What you do to your women, you do to your nation state. Causes instability, violence, terror, corruption, and hypocricy. If you normalize at the household level you normalize it within the broader society as well. Disempowering women makes it less likely they will be successful at that task.