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PHRM 849 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Population health looks for differences in health outcomes among groups of patients in the general population
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Health promotion and wellness programs are most appropriate and useful to implement in which of the following groups of patients on the care continuum
A. No or low risk patients
B. moderate risk patients
C. high risk patients

A

A

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3
Q

The easiest kind of data to acquire to use to identify population health issues is which of the following
A.Claims data
B. EHR data
C. Satisfaction survey data
D. Medication adherence data
E. Socioeconomic data

A

A

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4
Q

According to healthy people 2020 data, the access to health services is NOT impacted by family income
TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

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5
Q

In 2020, the leading cause of mortality for children ages 1-19 in the US was which of the following
A. Cancer
B. Motor vehicle accidents
C. Heart disease
D. Firearms
E. Congenital disorders

A

D

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6
Q

Life expectancy maternal mortality and infant mortality data in the US is superior to most other industrialized nations in the world
TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Cost of pain and Suffering are examples 9of intangible costs and are difficult to measure
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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8
Q

A cost-minimization analysis is only useful when the outcomes are equal
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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9
Q

which of the following is NOT an example of direct medical costs
A. Medications
B. Lab tests
C. Travel costs to hospital or clinic
D. Provider charges
E. Hospital charges

A

C

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10
Q

A cost effectiveness analysis is commonly used to compare a new treatment to a standard treatment
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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11
Q

When comparing two therapeutic agents in a pharmacoeconomic analysis, all costs associated with the drug should be taken into account
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Which of the following types of PE analysis is used when you want to measurre the quality of outcome produced and is usually measured in quality adjusted life years
A. Cost benefit analysis
B. cost minimization analysis
C. cost utility analysis
D. cost effectiveness anaylsis

A

C

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a surrogate endpoint that is used to evaluate the potential benefit of using tirzepatide to treat patients with DM
A. reduction in CV mortality
B. Hgb A1c
C. weight loss/BMi
D. fasting blood glucose

A

A

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14
Q

The study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people is best defined as
A. Pharmacovigilance
B. Comparative effectiveness research
C. Pharmacoepidemiology
D. Pharmacoeconomics

A

C

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15
Q

Which of the following is least likely to identify how a drug or therapy will perform in the real world setting
A. Randomized controlled trials
B. Comparative effectiveness research
C. Pragmatic clinical trials

A

A

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16
Q

Pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacovigilance studies are primarily
A. experimental
B. non experimental
C. neither of the above

A

B

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17
Q

A typical randomized controlled trial may determine the efficacy of a drug but not determine if the drug will achieve its desired effects in a real world setting
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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18
Q

RCTs have a higher degree of external validity than do pragmatic trials
TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

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19
Q

Pharmacovigilance studies typically use observational data from a single database from a small targeted population
TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

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20
Q

Which of the following complications associated with use of fluoroquinolones was teased out from data in post-marketing pharmacovigilance studies
A. Blood dyscrasias
B. electrolyte abnormalities
C. disabling peripheral neuropathies/myopathies
D. skin rash

A

C

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21
Q

The US spend significantly more money than other comparable on healthcare but achieve poorer outcomes
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Retail prescription drug constitute the largest share of all categories associated with national health expeditures
TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

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23
Q

Individuals >50 years of age consume the largest share of health care spending in the US
True/False

A

True

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the US healthcare system
A. well equiped healthcare facilities
B. exceptionally trained healthcare professionals
C. choice in providers
D. transparency with respect to costs to patients
E. new technologies and therapeutic entities

A

D

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25
Q

which of the following factors currently accounts for the largest number of preventable deaths in the US
A. alcohol related
B. suicides
C. drug overdoses
D. death from communicable diseases

A

C

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26
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the major identity discourses identified in the discussion paper by keeler
A. dispenser
B. apothecary
C. health care provider
D. druggist
E. merchandiser

A

D

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27
Q

Except during the pandemic the largest portion of public health financing and services comes from the federal government
True/False

A

True

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28
Q

One of the reasons why drugs costs are higher in the US than in other comparable countries is share of the prescription dispensed that are generic is far less in the US than in other countries
True/false

A

False

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29
Q

Which of the following is the most common type of insurance coverage in the US
A. self insurance
B. employer provider
C. medicaid
D. medicare
E. medicare and private insurance

A

B

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30
Q

When implemented in 1966 medicare only provided coverage for which of the following
A. dental care
B. in patient hospital care
C. eyeglasses
D. outpatient prescription drugs

A

B

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31
Q

The affordable care act expanded the eligibility of individuals to be covered by medicaid and has been adopted in most states except in which region of the US
A. new england
B. south
C. midwest
D. central plains
E. west coast

A

B

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32
Q

The percentage of patients on medicare that choose the managed care option has grown significantly over the past 10 years
true/false

A

true

33
Q

In contrast to enrollment numbers, medicaid per enrollee spending is significantly greater for the elderly and individuals with disabilities compared to children and adults
true/false

A

False

34
Q

Which of the following has the greatest impact on health and life expectancy
A. socioeconomic factors
B. physical environment
C. choices and behaviors
D. healthcare
E.none

A

A

35
Q

Life expectancy for patients with T1DM is lowest in which of the following regions
A. north america
B. south america
C. Europe/Asia
D. africa
E. australia

A

D

36
Q

Higher-income populations are more insulated from the impacts of SDOH and tend to have better outcomes
true/false

A

true

37
Q

The routine use of EMRs in health systems has made the transmission of medical information about a patient less burdensome for providers as long as tey are part of the same health system
true/false

A

True

38
Q

For an 87yo patient with multiple chronic diseases and medications, who lives alone, and has mobility issues, all of the following individuals are logical to include in a transition of care pre-discharge conference except
A. pharmacist
B. Primary caregiver
C. hospital VP for patient services
D. physical therapist
E. nure care coordinator

A

C

39
Q

Following the discharge of the previously described patient from a 7 day hospitalization to home someone from the transition of care team should follow up with the patient within
A. 1-2 days
B. 5-7 days
C. 2 weeks
D. 4 weeks
E. no follow up

A

A

40
Q

Which of the following is commonly performed by pharmacists/technicians/rx students when a patient is admitted to a hospital to verify the current list of medications a patient is taking
A. medication history
B. MTM
C. medication reconciliation
D. patient counseling

A

C

41
Q

Which of the following groups is the fastest growing segmant of the US population
A. asian
B. black
C. native american
D. hispanic
E. white

A

D

42
Q

Which of the following groups in the US has the highest incidence of maternal mortality per 100k of the population
A. asian
B. black
C.hispanic
D. white

A

B

43
Q

Which of the following pieces of legislation passed by congress played the greatest role in desegregating hospitals and opening medial care to people of color, especially in the south
A. hill-burton act
B. medicare
C. civil rights bill
D. none of the above

A

B

44
Q

According to the author of the podcast and assigned article last week, one means to help assure pharmacoequity is to make the right choice in the EHR the _________ choice in the EHR

A. least expensive
B. easy
C. most technical
D. difficult

A

B

45
Q

Higher income populations are more insulated from the impacts of SDOH and tend to have better outcomes
True/False

A

True

46
Q

The impact of addressing SDOH on health outcomes in certain populations is NOT evident as most studies only last for 1 year which is too short to observe any real impact
True/False

A

True

47
Q

The current initiative at IU health to provide DM patients with healthier food options over a sustained period of time has NOT produced beneficial clinical outcomes such as reduction in A1c
True/False

A

False

48
Q

The managed care version of medicare is which of the following
A.Part A
B.Part B
C.Part C
D.Part D

A

C

49
Q

The major reason for the implementation of managed care strategies to health care is
A. To collect date to make pop health decisions
B. control ever rising costs
C. improve outcomes
D. improve accessibility to health care

A

C

50
Q

Affordable care act organization assumed some financial risk if the cost of care is greater than the negotiated price with the pater

true
false

A

true

51
Q

During the last 15 years, there has been a major shift towards which of the following types of health care plans for covered workers?
A. conventional insurance
B. HMOs
C. PPOs
D. high deductible health plans

A
52
Q

Specialty drugs are most likely to be placed in which of the following tiers of a prescription drug plan?

A. tier 5
B. tier 4
C. tier 3
D. tier 1

A

A

53
Q

Which of the following drug categories consumes the largest dollar amount of drug expenditures for pediatric patients covered by Indiana medicaid?
A. Antibiotics
B.Drugs for diabetes
C. drugs for behavioral heath
D. drug for inflammatory disease

A

C

54
Q

Which of the following drug categories will likely consume the largest dollar amount of drug expenditures for indiana medicaid moving forward

A. specialty medication
B. generic medication
C. traditional brand name medication
D. biosimilars

A

A

55
Q

The industry standards for sharing healthcare costs between employers and employees is now which of the following
A. employer 85% - employer 15%
B.employer 80% - employer 20%
C. employer 75% - employer 25%
D. employer 70% - employer 30%

A

C

56
Q

Purdue employees have to meet their deductible each year before any preventative medical service or medication is covered
True
False

A

False

57
Q

which of the following is TRUE about self-insured health plans?
A. usually offer by smaller employers
B. the insurance company assumes the risk for health coverage
C. must comply with all state mandated benefit
D. allows for more customization of plans

A

D

58
Q

Employers typically pay ______ of total annual salary each year for employee benefits
A. 5-10%
B. 15-20%
C. 25-30%
D. 35-40%

A

C

59
Q

The veteran population served by VA health care providers is younger and more diverse than in the previous decades

true
false

A

A

60
Q

Most prescription in the VA system are processed in which of the following locations
A. VA hospitals
B. Primary community - based care clinics
C. VA mail order facilities
D. Local community pharmacies

A

C

61
Q

Prior authorizations in the VA system are approved or denied by which of the following
A. Physicians
B. pharmacists at individual VA facilities
C. pharmacists at a national call center
D. contracted personnel at the VA home office

A

B

62
Q

Pharmacists in primary and specialty care clinics at VA facilities, with appropriate credentialing. can prescribe and adjust medications as a mid-level practitioner
A. true
B. false

A

true

63
Q

the government impacts all aspects of the pharmaceutical supply chain via regulation
a. true
b. false

A

True

64
Q

which of the following classifications of drugs has been hit hardest by drug shortage crisis
A. generic injectable
B. generic non- injectable
C. brand non- contract
D. brand contract

A

A

65
Q

based on the best aggregate data, the causes of drug shortages in 2023 in the us is which of the following
A. manufacturing issue
B. supply/demand issue
C. Buisness decision
D. raw material issue
E. unknown/ mfg would not provide information

A

B

66
Q

Manufacturers of brand name products typically reduce the price of their drug product during the 6-month period prior to end of their products market exclusivity
true
false

A

False

67
Q

lower-income patients population are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than higher income populations
true
false

A

true

68
Q

Potential impacts of climate change on healthcare include all but which one of the following?
A. spread of vector-borne diseases
B. increased cold-related diseases
C. worsening of air quality
D. food insecurity and malnutrition
E. waterborne diseases

A

B

69
Q

a rare disease in the us is defined as less than ____ cases
A. 50,000
B. 100,00
C. 200,000
D. 1 million

A

C

70
Q

the orphan drug act incentivized the development of drug to treat rare diseases
true
false

A

true

71
Q

the road to diagnosis for most patients with are diseases is usually 6-12 months
true
false

A

B

72
Q

the data necessary to determine the effectiveness of drug therapy for rare disease is easy to collect via EHRs and claims data.

true
false

A

false

73
Q

the data necessary to determine the effectiveness of drug therapy for rare disease is easy to collect via EHRs and claims data
true
false

A

false

74
Q

which of the following is not consistent with most specialty medications?

A. requires special handling
B. high cost medications
C. meds for small population and rare disease
D. easy reimbursement mechanism

A

D

75
Q

specialty medications now account for >50% of the drug spends in the US
True
False

A

True

76
Q

The FDA determines if a specialty medication will be available via an open or controlled distribution model
true
false

A

true

77
Q

T/F: Walgreens has both centralized specialty pharmacies (Telehealth-based) and community-based walk-in specialty pharmacies

A

T

78
Q

T/F: Specialty pharmacies typically employ more pharmacists and technicians than the typical community pharmacy

A

T

79
Q

T/F: Patients on Medicare and Medicaid can use Co-Pay cards to help defray some of their costs associated with specialty medications

A

F

PHRM 849 (9 decks)

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