Midterm Flashcards
What is a CPU (central processing unit)
the brain of the computer responsible for executing instructions, preforming calculations, and managing data movement
what is RAM (random access memory)
volatile memory used by the computer to temporarily store data and programs that are actively being used
what is main memory
refers to the RAM and other volatile memory used by the computer for immediate access to data and instructions
what is secondary storage
hard drives and SSDs, provide long term storage for data and programs and media files
What are cd/dvds
Optical storage media used for storing data, programs, and media files
what is a hard drive
A magnetic storage device used for long-term data storage in computers.
what is a flash memory
Non-volatile memory used in devices like USB drives, SSDs, and memory cards for data storage.
what are input devices
Devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens used to input data and commands into the computer.
what is software
Programs and applications that run on the computer, including operating systems, utilities, and applications
what is an operating system
The operating system manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and enables interaction between software and hardware.
what is problem solving
Problem-solving involves identifying problems, analyzing them, and developing solutions to address them effectively.
what are algortihms
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures or instructions for solving a specific problem or completing a task.
what are binary numbers
Base-2 numeral system used in digital electronics and computers, consisting of only two digits: 0 and
what is a byte
A unit of digital information storage, typically consisting of 8 bits
what is a bit
the smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a binary digit (0 or 1).
what is the process of store and receiving
Processes of saving data to and retrieving data from memory or storage devices.
what is a directory
A file system structure that organizes and stores files and other directories.
what is machine langauge
The low-level programming language consisting of binary code directly understood by the computer’s hardware.
what is high-level language
Programming languages with syntax closer to human language, making them easier to read and write, such as C, Python, and Java.
what is IDE integrated development environment?
Software suite providing tools for software development, including code editor, compiler, debugger, and build automation tools
what is a compiler
Software that translates high-level source code into machine code or executable files
what is a source file
The file containing human-readable source code written in a programming language.
what is an object file
The intermediate file generated by a compiler containing machine code or bytecode
what are comments
Comments are used to add explanatory notes within the code for better understanding.
what are data types and variables
Data types specify the type of data that can be stored in a variable, while variables are containers for storing data during program execution
what is an assignment statement
Assign values to variables using the assignment operator (=).
what are arithmetic expressions
Mathematical calculations involving arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %).
what are input and output operations
Reading input from the user (scanf) and displaying output (printf) on the screen.
what is a syntax error
Errors in the syntax of the code that violate the rules of the programming language
what is runtime error
Errors that occur during program execution, such as division by zero or accessing invalid memory
