Midterm Flashcards
What is Church History
the story of mankind confessing our faith
What does Church History deal with
Humans
Context
Institutions
Movements
What does Historical Theology deal with
Development of doctrine
Tradition
the living faith of the dead; handed down
Traditionalism
the dead faith of the living
What are the different church ages
The Age of the Reformation (1517-1648)
The Age of Reason and Revival (1648-1789)
The Age of Progress (1789-1914)
The Age of Ideologies (1914-1989)
The Age of Global Expansion and Relocation (1990- )
What were the different Protestant Reformations?
Lutheran (Germany)
Reformed (Swiss with Zwingli)
English (England; Lutheran and Reformed thinkers)
Anabaptist (Swiss; came out of reformed tradition)
Catholic (Anti) Reformation
Curialism
Center of all power should reside in the Papacy
Church has absolute power over the state
Infallibility of church and Pope
Salvation is only found in the Pope
Conciliarism
Universal Church vs. Roman Church
Who runs each? Jesus and the Pope respectively
Appreciates the Pope’s authority in his proper sphere
Church councils can check papal authority
Spiritual Franciscans
Vows of poverty
Waldensians
Primitivism (Purity/First Principles)
Going back to Acts ideals
What was John Wycliffe’s legacy?
Bible translation into English
Centrality of preaching
Followers called lollards
John Wycliffe’s argument in “The Truth of the Holy Scripture”
Bible is the only source of Christian doctrine; all Christians should read it
John Wycliffe’s argument in “On the Church”
The Church is invisible; Jesus is its head
Authority rests solely with Jesus
Pope is the head of the visible, outward, mixed (sinners and saved) church
John Wycliffe’s argument in “The Power of the Pope, 1379”
The Papacy is a human invention
John Wycliffe’s argument in “On the Eucharist”
Affirms Christ’s presence in the Supper while rejecting transubstantiation
Scholasticism
Theology of the schools
Theological shifts in Scholasticism
Being -> Will
Metaphysics ->Metahistory
Ontological -> Logical
Mysticism
Basic spirituality; How do we get to God?
Humanism
Method of learning rooted in the recovery and study of ancient (classical) sources
Desiderius Erasmus - Prince of the Humanists
What was the via moderna of Luther’s day?
Nominalism
Who was Luther’s mentor?
Johannes Von Staupitz
Why was Luther attracted to the Augustinian monks?
their emphasis on personal piety and the belief in God’s involvement in everyday life
What was Luther’s philosophy on University lectures?
Lectures should be edifying
What was Luther’s hermeneutic?
Twofold
1. Literal
2. Eschatological
Describe Luther’s Anthropology
Man is entirely evil and incapable of getting to God on our own
What did philosopher did Luther famously hate?
No one can be a theologian with Aristotle
What did it mean for Luther to be a Professor of Theology
Bound to teach the Scriptures regardless of consequence
Took an oath to uphold orthodoxy
Pennance
This sacrament exists to reckon with “mortal” sins committed after baptism
What are the 2 consequences of sin
Guilt
Punishment
What are the 3 parts of pennance
Contrition - Contrition - sorrow for sin provoked from love of God
Confession
Satisfaction - good works to satisfy temporal punishment
What are indulgences?
Opportunity for the church to be indulgent and either reduce or remove the punishment one is due for the mortal sins they’ve committed
What are the 2 types of indulgences?
- Partial - mediated by local bishops, lessening one’s punishment by X amount
- Full/Plenary - granted by the Pope himself, full remission of all one’s temporal punishment for all sins committed up to that point
What initiated the controversy between Luther and Rome?
Pennance
What was the big problem with indulgences?
Indulgences reinforced a false understanding of what man’s problem truly is. Indulgences were bad insurance
Theologian of Glory
prizes human reason and performance
Theologian of the Cross
calls a thing what it is
What heresy was Luther convicted of?
Contended that a church council could be wrong in saying that Hussites were Christians
What was the most important year of Luther’s life?
1520
What was the main theme of the Invocavit Sermons
What do you do with your Christian liberty?
Basics of Christian Life
1. Faith
2. Love
Musts vs Free
Free things have nothing to do with salvation; Matters pertaining to the conscience
Eg. Marriage, meat, icons
Musts are things that you must believe to be saved
Right to Speak vs. Power to Accomplish
Only the Word has the power to accomplish
Luther and others trained only had the power to speak
What are the 2 kinds of people according to Luther?
- Stiff Necked
People who make free things musts
In opposition we should declare our christian freedom boldly in spite of them - The Weak
This is our opportunity to love
Don’t rush them on the free things but be accommodating
Purpose of the Smaller Catechism
Summary of the Christian life
“Laypersons Bible”
Contents of the Smaller Catechism
10 Commandments
Apostles Creed
Lord’s Prayer
Sacraments
Basic Household Instructions
Guidelines of the Smaller Catechism
Be CONSISTENT
Be thorough
Be expansive
Who is the “Third man of the Reformation”?
Ulrich Zwingli
How was Zwingli trained?
via antiqua of Thomas Aquinas
Strongly shaped by humanism
How did Zwingli break with Rome?
Preaching directly from the Scriptures
What was the first Protestant State?
Zurich
What 2 big things were abolished in Zurich?
Church Images and the Mass
What does Anabaptist mean?
Re-baptizers
What did the Anabaptists call themselves?
The Brethren
Who were the initial leaders of the Anabaptists?
Felix Manz
George Blaurock
Conrad Grebel
What was Zwingli’s view of Baptism?
Initiation and Identification
Israel’s seal was circumcision
Church’s seal is baptism
What’s Zwingli’s view of the Imago Dei?
Everyone is thirsting after God
You really see the image of God when you see people really drink in the Word
What is the purpose of theological study according to Zwingi?
Faithful proclamation of the Word
What is the difference between “accidents” and “substance” in Aristotelian philosophy?
Accidents - characteristics; red wine, dry bread
Substance - actual essence of the thing
Who were the 3 groups in the Eucharistic Controversy?
Lutherans
Sacramentarians
Anabaptists/Spiritualists
What were the 3 Reformers view on the Eucharist?
Luther - is means is
Zwingli - is means signifies
Calvin - is means my definition of is
Calvin received no formal theological training (T/F)
True
What work heavily influenced Calvin?
Seneca’s De clementia
