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Exercise testing > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Physical activity contradictions during pregnancy

A
  • No overhead movements
  • No supine position in the first trimester
  • No high intensity in second and third trimester
  • No abdominal workouts in second and thrid trimester
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2
Q

What is the PADmed-x

A

Guideline for health screening before participation in a prenatal fitness class or other exercise

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3
Q

Benefits of exercise during pregnancy (7)

A
  • Maintain or increase cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength/endurance, flexibility
  • Fewer prenatal discomforts
  • Assists with controlling gestational
    diabetes, hypertension, diastasis recti
  • Facilitates circulation; decreases edema
  • Energy levels
  • Lower incidence of weight gain
  • Controlling moods
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4
Q

Benefits of exercise during labor and recovery (5)

A
  • Less problematic deliveries
  • Women who exercise return to normal daily activities 40% faster
  • Women with higher functional capacitates are not taxed as much compared to women with low functional capacities
  • Less postpartum depression rates
  • Healthy placenta and fetus
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5
Q

Recommendations post-partum for exercise (4)

A
  • Need to see a primary physician to be cleared
  • Postpartum exercise may begin
    approximately 4-6 weeks after delivery (8-10 weeks with cesarean delivery)
  • Start slow as de-conditioning has occurred
  • Kegel exercises
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6
Q

Caloric needs while pregnant

A

Should eat an extra 300 calories

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7
Q

The effects of aging related to fitness (9)

A
  • Higher blood pressure
  • Higher body fat percentage
  • Decreased strength
  • Lower bone mass
  • Decreased flexibility, mobility, and balance
  • More susceptible to depression
  • Longer recovery time
  • Slower reaction time
  • Lower maximum HR
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8
Q

Benefits with endurance training in older adults (5)

A
  • Slow age-related changes
  • Promotes psychological and cognitive well-being
  • Aids in the management of chronic diseases
  • Reduces the risk of physical disability
  • Increases longevity
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9
Q

What is considered an older adult

A

65 years or older

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10
Q

What is considered an older adult (someone with a clinical condition or chronic illness)

A

50-64 years old

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11
Q

Common diseases in older adults (4)

A
  • CVD
  • Cancer
  • Arthritis
  • Osteoporosis
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12
Q

Special considerations when working with older adults (6)

A
  • Multicomponent
  • Intensity and duration should be light to start
  • Progression should be individualized
  • Emphasis on RT
  • Cool downs are extremely important, especially for individuals with CVD
  • Incorporation of social support
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13
Q

Physical activity guidelines for older adults

A
  • 150 minutes a week
  • 2 days a week of strength-building exercises
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14
Q

Effective ways to monitor intensity for older adults

A
  • The talk test
  • RPE
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15
Q

Special considerations when exercising in heat for children (3)

A
  • Greater risk of heat-related injuries due to their immature
    thermoregulatory systems
  • Avoid sustained and heavy exercise in hot and humid environments
  • Hydration is important before, during, and after activities
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16
Q

Benefits of regular physical activity in children (4)

A
  • Stronger muscle and bones
  • Lower risk of being overweight
  • Prevention of chronic diseases
  • Enhanced cognitive function, including better concentration
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17
Q

FITNESSGRAM

A

Kids usually dont need to do exercise testing but fitness gram is an exception

18
Q

Recommendations for physical activity in children (5)

A
  • Frequency (Daily, Include vigorous intensity at least 3 days a week
  • Intensity (Moderate to vigorous)
  • Time (At least 60 minutes a day)
  • Type (Enjoyable and developmentally appropriate activities)
  • Progression (Gradual progression and variety of exercises to keep it interesting)
19
Q

Recommendations for resistance training in children (5)

A
  • Frequency (3 or more days a week)
  • Intensity (Body weight exercises as resistance)
  • Time (At least 60 minutes a day)
  • Type (Muscle strengthening physical activities)
  • Progression (Gradual and age-appropriate progression)
  • focus on movement patterns and aovid injury
20
Q

Importance of bone strengthening exercises

A

Builds bone mass and enhances bone structure to improve its overall strength (weight-bearing movements)

21
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced in the pancreas, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

22
Q

Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia

A
  • Hyperglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels are too high
  • Hypoglycemia sets in when blood sugar levels are too low
23
Q

Glucose monitoring recommendations

A

Check levels before, during, and after exercise to prevent hypoglycemia, especially important for insulin users

24
Q

Healthy fasting blood glucose levels

A

Between 70 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL

25
Q

Prevalence rates for type I&II diabetes

A
  • Type I: Affects approximately 1.6 million Americans
  • Type II: Affects about 38 million Americans
26
Q

Special considerations when working with a client with diabetes (3)

A
  • Hyperglycemia & Hypoglycemia
  • Monitor blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise
  • Timing
27
Q

Signs & symptoms that place an individual at risk for CVD (9)

A
  • Pain or discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, or arms or recent onset of pain of unknown origin
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness or syncope
  • Orthopnea or paroxysnal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Ankle edema
  • Palpitations or tachycardia
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Known heart murmur
  • Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath
28
Q

Categories and risk stratification norms with CVD (8)

A
  • Age/ older than or equal to 45 for men and 55 for women
  • Family history/ First degree relative, 55 in father and 65 in mother
  • Smoking/ within the past 6 months
  • Sedentary/ Being active for 30 min 3 times a week for 3 months
  • Obesity/ BMI greater than or equal to 30, 102cm for men 88 for women
  • Hypertension/ greater than or euqal to 120/80
  • Dyslipidemia/ greater than or equal to 130, a total of 200 greater than or equal to, HDL greater than or equal to 60 is a positive risk factor
  • Blood glucose/ fasting plasma glucoose of greater than or equal to 100
29
Q

Types of CVD (5)

A
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Hypertension
  • Stroke
  • Heart Failure
  • Other (peripheral, valvular, congenital)
30
Q

4 phases of cardiac rehab

A
  • Phase 1: Inpatient Program; low-level exercise during hospital stay
  • Phase 2: Outpatient Hospital-based; immediately after hospitalization; 2-12 weeks monitored exercise.
  • Phase 3: Outpatient Hospital/Community-based; up to 6 months after phase 2.
  • Phase 4: Maintenance; indefinite
31
Q

Who qualifies for cardiac rehab programs

A

People who have CVD or have had heart surgery

32
Q

Impact of physical activity on health (6)

A
  • Improved cardiorespiratory health
  • Improved metabolic health
  • Improved musculoskeletal health
  • Reduction in certain types of cancers
  • Improved mental health
  • Improved functional ability and overall reduction in falls
33
Q

General population exercise prescription recommendations (3)

A
  • 30 minutes, moderate activity, 5 days per week (150
    minutes a week) (Or 20 minutes vigorous, 3 days per week) (Or some combination of the two)
  • Intent: health benefits
  • Muscular fitness and stretching a minimum of 2 days per week
34
Q

Intensity recommendations, light, moderate, vigorous (3)

A
  • Light <3.0 METS, 30-39% HRR, RPE 9-11, Causes slight increases in HR and breathing
  • Moderate 3-5.9 METS, 40-59% HRR, RPE 12-
    13, Noticeable increases in HR and breathing
  • Vigorous >6 METS, >60% HRR, RPE>14, Substantial increases in HR and breathing
35
Q

Pre-activity screening steps (3)

A
  • Sign or Symptom?
  • Engages in Physical Activity?
  • Current Medical diagnosis?
36
Q

Stages of change in the transtheoretical model (5)

A
  • Precontemplation (not thinking about exercise)
  • Contemplation (thinking about exercise)
  • Preparation (getting ready to do exercise)
  • Action (doing exercie)
  • Maintenance (maintaing exercise)
    IN ORDER
37
Q

The transtheoretical model of behavior change

A

Supports the concept that change begins when people are prepared to take action

38
Q

Adherence to exercise (increase) (7)

A
  • Self-monitoring
  • Goal setting
  • Reinforcement
  • Relapse prevention
  • Setup incentives
  • Clarify expectations
  • Identify potential barriers
39
Q

SMARTS goals (6)

A
  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Attainable
  • Relevant
  • Time-bound
  • Self-determined
40
Q

Behavior change strategies

A

Behavior change is most likely when goals are in place

Exercise testing (1 decks)

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