Midterm Flashcards
What is human development?
The multidisciplinary study of how humans change and remain the same over time.
Nature
things acquired by genetic or hereditary influences
Nurture
Things that are influenced by the environment we live in
What is development?
a process of growth and change
What is continuity?
development is a continuous process that is gradual and cumulative.
What is discontinuity?
The belief that people through stages of life are qualitatively different from each other.
Is development multi-cultural?
Yes
What is universal development?
do all children develop the same way regardless of culture?
What is context-specific development?
are the aspects of a child’s life directly affected by their culture?
What did Hippocrates say about the biomedical model?
the body is a machine and that form of machinery that can be fixed by medical doctors
What did Hippocrates say about the mind and body?
The mind and body are separate entities that do not interrelate.
What did the biomedical model say about mental disorders?
Mental disorders are brain diseases.
What did the biomedical model emphasize?
it emphasizes the pharmacological treatments to target biological abnormalities which dominated the American Healthcare system for more than 3 decades.
What does the biopsychosocial model consist of?
Biological, psychological, and sociological.
What does the biological portion include?
age, gender, genetics, physiological reactions, tissue health
What does the psychological portion include?
mental health, emotional health
What does the sociological portion include?
interpersonal relationships, social support dynamics, and socioeconomics.
Who created the psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud
Who played a huge role in the finding of psychoanalysis and was joseph brewers patient?
Anna O
What are the levels of the psychodynamic theory?
ID, Ego, and Super ego
What is ID?
unconscious source of primitive, sexual dependency, and aggressive impulses
What is Ego?
Mediates between the unrealistic ID and the external real world. It is the decision making component of personality
What is Super Ego?
Based on morals judgements (reasoning)
Who created the psychological theory?
Erik Erickson
What did Erik erikson believe?
Believed that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy to adulthood.
Who created the social learning theory? What experiment did he conduct?
Albert Bandura canadian born. Bobo doll
Who thought the lifespan perspective development is multi-directional?
Paul Bates
Is it true that Paul bates thought that people continue to develop throughout their lives, and that no age period dominates development occurs through all periods of life.
yes
What are genes?
they carry the information that determines our physical traits.
What are the three layers of a blastocyst?
Ectoderm, endoderm, adn mesoderm.
What are the stages of labor?
- dilation, 2. delivery, 3. afterbirth, 4. recovery
What is the rooting reflex?
It helps your baby find the breast or bottle to begin feeding goes away in 4 months
What is the Moro Reflex?
causes your baby to extend their arms, legs, and fingers, and arch when startled by the feeling of falling, a loud noise, or other environmental stimuli
What is the sucking reflex?
A key newborn, especially when paired with the rooting reflex as it enables babies to eat instinctively. Around 2-3 months it will transitions to a conscious effort
What is the stepping reflux?
It allows your baby to put on foot in front of the other when you place their feet on a flat surface.
What is Palmer’s grasp?
Makes babies grab onto things, allowing your baby to “hold” your hand or most likely your finger. Disappears after 5-6 months
What is Bobinski Reflex?
A doctor will stroke the bottom of your babies start at heel and work it forwards. babies toe will extend upwards away from foot.
What is plantar grasp?
When you stimulate the bottoms of your baby’s feet and their toes curl in
What is the crawling reflex?
If your baby is paced on their stomach, the will pull their legs under their body and kick them out in a craving motion goes away 3-4 months
What is the Apgar scale?
a scale 1-10 when bay first born made by Virginia Apgar.
What is the NBAS?
brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale and its a guide for parents.
What is SIDS?
Unexpected, unexplained death of an infant than a year old.
What are fine motor skills?
Movements we make with the small muscles of the hands
What are gross motor skills?
involves the larger, stronger muscle group of the body.
What are gross motor skills between 3-6 months?
Randomly move arms and legs, hands near eyes and touch mouth. weight on stomach hold head up and move it.
What are the gross motor skills between 9-12 months?
start rolling back to front, sit by themselves, pivot and creep on stomach, standing stiff legged
What did Jean Piaget do?
Suggested that the way children think is fundamentally different from the way adults think
What is schema?
A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.
What is assimilation?
The process of applying the schema we already possess to understand something new
What is accommodation?
The process of changing an existing schema or creating a new one because new information doesn’t fit the schemas one already has
What are the two equilibriums?
Disequilibrium and equilibrium
What are piagets stages of cognitive development?
sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
Preoperational: 2-7
Concrete operational: 7-11
Formal operational 12-up
What is the sensorimotor stage?
a time of tremendous growth and change
What is object permanence?
a child’s understanding that objects continue to exist even though they cannot be seen or heard.
