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KNPE 331 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Prevention

A

reducing the incident of injury before they occur

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2
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Addressing injuries in their early stage to prevent recurrence, severity and/or secondary complications

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3
Q

Examples of primary prevention

A

-looking at conditions
-equipment
-warm-uo
-nutrition/hydration
-looking for unfae technique
-injury patterns
-talking with coaches
-preventative bracing

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4
Q

examples of secondary prevention

A

-taping/wrapping
-education
-sufficent rehab
-early identification
-reconditioning

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5
Q

When to wear a brace instead of taping

A

-if sport doesnt allow
-ongoing conditions
-larger joints
-tape can sometimes wear off before game is over

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6
Q

what is the purpose of orthotics

A

-to adjust biomechanics to perform properly

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7
Q

what should orthotics also be given with

A

-proper, supportive rehab

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8
Q

What time period does an injury become chronic

A

over 6 weeks typically

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9
Q

Types of muscle and tendon injuries

A

-strain
-tendonitis/osis
-contusions

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10
Q

Types of ligament injuries

A

-sprain (overstretch, dislocations, subluxations)

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11
Q

Types of Bone injuries

A

-fracture/break
-bruise

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12
Q

Types of nerve injuries

A

-burner/stinger
-contusion/crash injury

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13
Q

Types of brain injuries

A

-concussion
-acquired brain injury
-direct trauma or indirect trauma

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14
Q

types of skin injuries

A

-lacerations, abrasions
-contusions

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15
Q

Sprain vs Strain

A

Strain is muscle or tendon and a sprain is ligament

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16
Q

Grade 1 sprain/strain

A

-tissues stretch/some fibres disrupted
-for sprains, integrity of joint is maintained
-for strains, contractions are strong but painful

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17
Q

Grade 2 sprain/strain

A

-partial tear/many fibres disrupted
-for sprains, results some instability/laxity in the joint
-for strains, contractions are weak and very painful

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18
Q

Grade 3 sprain/strain

A

-complete tear
-for sprains, results in significant instability/laxity in the joint
-for strains, unable to contract and often pain free

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19
Q

types of bone fractures

A

-transverse
-linear
-oblique (displaces and non-displaced)
-Spiral
-greenstick/bend
-comminuted

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20
Q

How does muscle respond to contusions

A

pain, swelling, discolouration, spasam, reflex inhibition

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21
Q

pain and swelling can stop

A

voluntary muscle contraction

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22
Q

difference between tendonitis and tendonosis

A

itis= inflammation (acute)
otis= tissue breakdown (chronic)

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23
Q

types of overuse injuries

A

-bursitis
-shin splints
-stress fractures

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24
Q

Role of student trainer

A

-EAP
-Primary and secondary intervention
-scene survey
-C spine
-Assess urgent vs non urgent
-Reassure
-support through rehab

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25
Q

What is an EAP

A

-organized system of managing servere injury
-allows for quick and efficent injury management

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26
Q

3 people included in EAP

A

Charge person, call person, control person

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27
Q

role of charge person

A

person in charge of delivering care

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28
Q

role of call person

A

-providing medical info and meeting/directing ambulance

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29
Q

role of control person

A

managing people and loacting supplies

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30
Q

what should be included on EAP

A

-Important numbers
-addresses
-location of medical records and AED

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31
Q

mechanism of injury

A

how it happened

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32
Q

sources of MOI

A

trauma and overuse

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33
Q

Onset of MOI

A

acute/traumatic or Insidious (gradual)

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34
Q

signs

A

something you see

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35
Q

symptoms

A

something the athlete feels/describes

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36
Q

examples of signs

A

-bruising
-swelling
-heat/cold
-sweating
-shivering
vomitting

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37
Q

examples of symptoms

A

-pain
-tingling
-numbness
-burning
-tight
-pressure
nausea

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38
Q

common measurement of pain

A

subjective scale of 1-10

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39
Q

essential role along with pain management

A

reassurance

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40
Q

how to help psychologicaly with injuries

A

-give injured athletes a job
-know when to refer
-listen a lot
-support
-mindful and sequential RTP

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41
Q

types of skin wounds

A

-lacertions
-abrasions
-punctures
-contusions
-blisters

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42
Q

steps of management of lacerations

A

step 1: control bleeding
step 2: clean the wound
step 3: steri-strips

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43
Q

controlling bleeding

A

-PPE
-pressure
-elevation

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44
Q

cleaning wounds

A

-soap and water
-cinder suds
*helps prevent infection

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45
Q

field considerations for when applying steri strips

A

-dry the area around laceration
-adhesive spray
-rub q tip on either side fo laceration

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46
Q

when do we send for stitches?

A

-only done effectively within 24hrs
-deep wounds affecting more than just skin
-unable to stop bleeding
-would to face
-wound is across joint

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47
Q

what to do for minor cuts and abrasions

A

non-stick gauze and cover roll

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48
Q

punctures

A

leave objects in and pad around, send for medical attention

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49
Q

what to avoid with contusions

A

-myositis ossificans
-deep tissue massage

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50
Q

what to do for contusions

A

-lymph drainage of effleurage
-protective padding
-ultrasound (pulse setting)
-interferential current

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51
Q

what to do for blisters

A

-skin lube
-second skin
-cover roll
*clean well

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52
Q

when to seek medical attention

A

-cant control bleeding
-dirty and cant clean
-deep wound/puncture
-object impaled
-changes in sensation
-human/animal bite
-rusty object

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53
Q

cartilage/meniscus healing

A

-limited capacity to healing
-little or no direct blood supply thereofore longer healing

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54
Q

ligament healing

A

-during repair phase, collagen or connective tissue fibres lay down randomly
-gradual scar is formed
-over following months collagen fibres align in response to joint stress/strain

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55
Q

skeletal muscle healing

A

-regeneration of new myofibres is minimal
-healing and repair follwos the same process of random collagen alignment and develops tensile strength in response to stress/strain

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56
Q

nerve healing

A

-regeneration can take place very slowly (3-4mm/day)
-peripheral nerves regenerate better than central NS

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57
Q

Wound healing stages

A
  1. Homeostasis
  2. inflammation
  3. Repair and regeneration
  4. Remodelling
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58
Q

wound healing: homeostasis

A

process leading to cessation of bleeding

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59
Q

wound healing: Inflammation

A

essential vascular and cellular response of proper tissue healing

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60
Q

would healing: repair and Regeneration

A

formation of granulation tissues

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61
Q

would healing: Remodelling

A

strengthening of tissues along lines of tension

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62
Q

what stage of wound healing to people often leave early

A

remodelling

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63
Q

length of inflammation

A

4-6 days

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64
Q

length of proliferation

A

4-24 days

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65
Q

when should advil not be taken

A

within first 24 hours of injury

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66
Q

how long is remodelling phase

A

21 days - 2 years

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67
Q

what stage does the matrix of collagen realign

A

remodelling

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68
Q

3 phases of musculoskeletal injuries

A
  1. Inflammatory
  2. Repair and regeneration
  3. remodelling
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69
Q

Musculoskeletal: Inflammatory response

A

-vasodilation of blood vessels
-while blood cells fight infection, break down and clean up damaged tissue to start healing

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70
Q

S&S inflammation

A

-redness
-swelling
-heat
-pain
-loss of function

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71
Q

Musculoskeletal: proliferation response

A

-collagen laid down in disorganized matrix
-revascularization brings O2 and nutrients
-edges of wound draw closer

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72
Q

Musculoskeletal: remodelling phase

A

-collagen reorganizes along lines of stress
-tissues increase in tensile strength
-important for avoiding chronic conditions

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73
Q

what is the best way to differentiate stages

A

timelines

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74
Q

Bone healing

A

-follows same 3 phases but more complex
-5 stages; avg 6-8 wks

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75
Q

5 stages of bone healing

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Cellular proliferation (cells grow and divide)
  3. Callus formation (soft callus)
  4. Ossification (hard callus)
  5. Remodelling
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76
Q

Inflammatory phase aims of treatment

A

-decrease pain, swelling, inflammation, activity
-protect
-educate

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77
Q

Demolition phase (3-15 days) aims of treatment

A

-decrease residual swelling and pain
-increase ROM, flexability, strength, proprioception, CV fitness
-prevent complications
-educate

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78
Q

Healing phase (day 10 - 8wks) aims of treatment

A

-increase circulation, ROM, flexability, strength, CV fitness, proprioception
-decrease muscle spasam

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79
Q

long term goals aims of treatment

A

-maintain skin and connective tissue
-ensure full ROM, strength, flexibility, psych rediness
-optimal biomechanics
-correct habits
-proprioception
-protect injury site

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80
Q

guidelines for RTP

A

full ROM, 80% strength
-able to perform demands of sport
-psych rediness

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81
Q

tools trainers have

A

-hot/cold
-massage
-wound care
-taping and wrapping
-exercise
-educate

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82
Q

when to use heat

A

-healing phase and beyond
-relaxation
-promote flexability

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83
Q

tissue response to heat

A

-increase circulation, inflammation, metabolism, edema
-decrease spasam, pain

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84
Q

types of heat

A

-moist heat application
-eletric heat pads
-hot shower
-microwaveable bags
-sauna
-ultrasound

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85
Q

infrared vs traditional saunas

A

-heats your skin/body vs just the air around you

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86
Q

contraindications to heat

A

-inflammed tissues
-bleeding disorder
-blood clots
-impaired sensation
-metal implants
-infection
-open wounds
-pregnant

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87
Q

tissue response to cold

A

-decrease, inflammatory response, edema, pain, circulation, hematoma, muscle spasam, tissue metabolism, enzymatic activity, extensability

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88
Q

types of cryotherapy

A

-crushed ice or cubes
-gel packs
-frozen beanbag
-only keep on for 10-15 min
-ice cup massage
-cold immersion
-cryochamber
-gaseous therapy
liquid nitrogen

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89
Q

contrindications of electric cryochamber

A

-pregnant
-high BP
-Blood Clots
-Heart conditions
-Infection

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90
Q

raynauds phenomenon;

A
  • decreased blood flow to finhers/toes due to vasospasam
    “do fingers turn white in the cold”
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91
Q

contraindications to cold

A

-urticardia; hives from cold
-clotting disorder
-superficial nerves
-altered skin sensation
-CPRS

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92
Q

when to massage

A

-tight muscles
-injured msucles

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93
Q

injured muscles in inflammatory phase

A

lymph drainage or effleurage only

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94
Q

what to do for injured muscles in the healing phase

A

deeper forms of massage to increase circulation

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95
Q

contraindications to massage

A

-acute inflamm
-contusions
-acute spasam
-open wounds
-altered sensation
-possible clot
-bleeding disorders
-over varicose veins
-DVT
-cancer

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96
Q

four main principles of massage therapy

A
  1. general - specific - general
    2 superficial - deep - superficial
    3 proximal - distal - proximal
  2. Peripheral - central peripheral
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97
Q

what should be in a players medical records

A

Conditions, allergies, previous injuries, emergency contact, level of experience

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98
Q

What are our key goals?

A

-provide care to manage conditions
-minimize secondary complications
-determine safe removal

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99
Q

questions to address when determining safe removal from play

A

-weight bearing
-non weight bearing
-assisted?
-advance care requires?

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100
Q

general hierarchy of conditions

A
  1. ABCs, Major bleeds
  2. Acquired brain injury/ concussion
  3. spinal
  4. fracture/dislocation
  5. sprains/strains
  6. abrasions
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101
Q

steps for on-field assessment

A
  1. Survey the scene
  2. block the head/control cspine
  3. determine LOC
  4. Assess Vitals (ABC)
  5. history (SAMPLE, PQRST)
  6. Identify any other injuries
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102
Q

Questions to ask yourself during the scene survey

A

-any safety concerns in the immediate environment
-any clues to MOI
-how many people injured

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103
Q

how to control the C-spine

A

-block the head
-place one hand on athletes forehead
-ask athlete to remain still
-as assistant to take over using in-line stabilization

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104
Q

Assessing LOC

A

-use AVPU scale

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105
Q

AVPU

A

Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive

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106
Q

types of airway assisted devices

A

oropharangeal airway, or nasopharangeal airway

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107
Q

how to check circulation

A

-check for carotid pulse

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108
Q

Summary of secondary survey

A

rapid body scan, history, decision on next steps

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109
Q

rapid body scans check for:

A

-major bleeds
-deformities
-anything indicating a life-threatening emergency

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110
Q

call ems for spinal if the have any 2:

A

-central pain on palpation
-tingling/numbness/unable to move extremeties
-MOI
-unwilling to move

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111
Q

how many head injury assessment symptoms are considered a concussion?

A

one- no RTP

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112
Q

observable signs of head injury

A

-CSF in ears/nose
-deformities
-black eyes
-brusing behind ears
-aggressive/emotional
-altered speech
-cant focus
-seizure

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113
Q

oculomotor screen for head injury

A

-PEARL
-tracking
-peripheral vision

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114
Q

cognitive screening

A

-orientation
-immediate memory
-delayed recall
-concentration

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115
Q

how to treat major fractures and dislocations

A

-stabilize
-treat for shock
-call 911

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116
Q

emergency medical conditions

A

-diabetic emergency
-epilepsy
-asthma
-anaphalactic shock
-heat/cold emergencies
-abdominal injuries

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117
Q

what is shock

A

-circulatory system fails to adequately circulate blood
-life threatening

118
Q

symptoms of shock

A

-pale, cool, clammy
-rapid breathing
-rapid and weak pulse
-changes in LOC
-nausea
-decreased BP

119
Q

care for shock

A

-blanket to maintain body temp
-rest in comfortable position that minimizes pain
-have athlete lie down if necessary
-reassure
-oxygen if available

120
Q

Emergency Situations Summary

A

-ABCs not present
-major bleeds
-severe head injury
-decreased LOC
-persistent pain/pressure
-sudden illness/medical emergency
-suspected spinal injury
-major fractures/dislocations
-shock

121
Q

On field assessment

A
  1. rule out emergency conditions (alert, ABCs, No c-spine)
  2. Non-urgent conditions assessment
122
Q

examples of non urgent conditions

A

-sprains/strains
-simple fractures
-contusions
-abrasions/minor lacerations

123
Q

HOPS

A

history, observations, palpation, special test

124
Q

SAMPLE

A

-signs and symptoms
-allergies
-medications
-past medical history
-last oral intake
-events leading up to injury

125
Q

PQRST

A

-provoke
-quality
-region/radiate
-severity
-time

126
Q

Index of suspicion

A

based on HOP, what structure do you suspect is injured? Ligament, Muscle, Bone

127
Q

What test can you do to confirm the suspected injury and rate the severity?

A

Muscle/tendon= have the tissue contract (resisted testing)

Ligament= test to open the joint it stabilizes

Bone=fracture testing

128
Q

Kendalls resisted muscle testing

A

rate quality of strength out of 5

129
Q

Ligament testing

A

-testing for level of instability
-what motion should that ligament limit
-special tests

130
Q

fracture tests

A

-tap testing
-compression test
-tuning fork

131
Q

tap test for fractures

A

-gentle tap at location on the bone away from suspected fracture site
-vibration may cause pain at suspected fracture site

132
Q

when dont we test for fractures

A

if we see a deformity

133
Q

compression fracture test

A

-compress 2 ends of bone together
-direct or indirect

134
Q

direct compression test

A

compress either end of long bone

135
Q

indirect compression test

A

compress bones around the small bone with suspected fracture

136
Q

fracture testing with tuning fork

A

-bang the end of the fork and place on bone with suspected fracture
-positive test looks for pain

137
Q

sensitivity of tuning fork

A

75-92%, how well it can detect fracture

138
Q

specificity of tuning fork

A

18%-94%, can it detect a fracture
*high proportion of false positives

139
Q

results of tuning fork

A

some value in ruling out a fracture but not for ruling in a fracture

140
Q

possible secondary complication from fracture

A

-muscle/ligament injury
-nerve/vessel damage
-major bleed

141
Q

is HOPS or sideline assessment more detailed

A

sideline

142
Q

what does a sideline assessment include

A

-ruling out the joint above and below
-full physiological ROM for the joint
-3 special tests to rule out/confirm
-more extensive palpation

143
Q

what do you need for the major ROM to happen

A

accessory movements

144
Q

accessory movements

A

roll, spin, glide
-these are within joint movements
-not tested in sideline assessment but can be cause for limited ROM

145
Q

roll

A

multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface

146
Q

glide

A

a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface

147
Q

spin

A

a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface

148
Q

what do you need to do before regaining physiological ROM

A

regain accessory movements

149
Q

what is active ROM

A

-overpressure at the end of full range and pain free
-ROM must be full for RTP
-Resisted testing must be 80% for RTP

150
Q

what to include in documentation

A

-severity
-structure
-injury
-assessment done
-treatment provided
-plan

151
Q

what does plan include

A

-RTP decision
-immediate care
-educate
-communication
-transport
-referral

152
Q

sideline management for sprain

A

-ice and elevation
-wrap with compression
-crutches?

153
Q

sideline management for strain

A

-ice and elevation
-wrap with compression
-pressure pad to approximate ends
-crutches?

154
Q

sideline management for contusions

A

-ice
-donut pad
-wrap
-NO MASSAGE
-rtp?

155
Q

sideline management for fractures

A

-splint
-monitor for shock
-refer for imaging
-ice
-make sure both ends are stable

156
Q

sideline management for abrasions

A

telfa/nonstick pad and cover roll

157
Q

sideline mangement for minor lacerations

A

-telfa/nonstick pad and cover roll
-steri strips

158
Q

steri strip application

A

unilateral direction vs distanced closure
-anchor strips on ends vs length
*get job done, be creative

159
Q

principles of wrapping

A

-minimize swelling
-ensure cap refiil distally
-use compression
-support joint

160
Q

wrapping techniques

A

spinal vs herringbone

161
Q

what does the herringbone wrap techniqe offer

A

more specific where you apply pressure

162
Q

where to look for symptoms of an injured plantar fascia?

A

medial calcaneus

163
Q

Lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

-anterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular
-posterior talofibular
-anterior inferior tibiofibular
-posterior inferior tibiofibular

164
Q

where does high ankle sprain occur

A

AITFL and PITFL

165
Q

which two ligaments are commonly sprained together of the lateral ankle

A

ATFL and CFL

166
Q

how to treat high ankle sprain

A

tibfib compression strip

167
Q

ligaments of the medial ankle

A

-deltoid (MCL); 4 ligaments together
-Spring Ligamen

168
Q

Deltoid Ligaments

A

-Tibionavicular
-TIbiocalcaneal
-Tibiospring
-Tibiotalar (anterior & posterior; deep and superficial)

169
Q

key structures to consider for foot/ankle injury

A

-tib post
-flexor dig longus
-flexor hallicus longus
-tib ant
-peroneals

170
Q

functional anatomy of tib anterior

A

eccentrically lowers the longitudinal arch

171
Q

functional anatomy of tib posterior

A

stabilizer of longitudinal arch

172
Q

functional anatomy of plantar fascia

A

NB for dynamic longitudinal arch support

173
Q

functional anatomy of talus

A

can cause pain throughout the body

174
Q

why do we need toe abduction

A

for base of support

175
Q

tibiotalar joint actions

A

dorsifelxion and plantarflexion

176
Q

subtalar joint actions

A

pronation and supination (inversion, eversion)

177
Q

moi of turf toe

A

hyperextension of big toe

178
Q

turf toe

A

1st MTP sprain of plantar ligs/capsule (can be acute or overuse)

179
Q

signs and synptoms of turf toe

A

swelling, brusiing, pain, loss of toe ROM, weak hallux flexion

180
Q

runners toe MOI

A

repeat trauma to end of toes

181
Q

signs and symptoms of runners toe

A

pain and pressure under nail, discolouration of nail

182
Q

prevention of runners toe

A

proper shoe fitting

183
Q

sesamoiditis

A

sesamoid bones embedded in flexor hallicus brevis tendons

184
Q

sesamoiditis MOI

A

repreat trauma to ball of foot

185
Q

signs and symptoms sesamoiditis

A

pain over sesamoids, swelling, limited big toe ext, weak and painful flexion

186
Q

treatment for sesamoiditis

A

rest, treat inflamm, padded insoles

187
Q

what is the role of plantar fascia

A

sock absorber and support longitudinal arch

188
Q

plantar fascitis MOI

A

poor biomechanics/overuse

189
Q

plantar fasciitis S&S

A

pain with 1st steps in morining, stretch pain

190
Q

what is plantar fasciitis often present with

A

tight achilles

191
Q

Bunions

A

big toe aligns with 2nd toe, can result from genetics, mechanics or footwear

192
Q

Tendonitis and shin splints MOI

A

poor mechanics and overuse

193
Q

common structures affecting by shin splits and tendonitis

A

-peroneal tendons
-tib ant
-T,D,H

194
Q

S&S shin splints and tendonitis

A

inflamm, pain withh running, pain w resisted muscle testing or stretching

195
Q

treatment for shin splints and tendonitis.

A

correct foot/ lower extremity mechanics, taping, proper footwear, orthotics

196
Q

Lateral ankle sprain MOI

A

inversion

197
Q

S&S lateral ankle sprain

A

pop, giving out, swelling, bruising, limping

198
Q

treatment for lateral ankle sprain

A

limit swelling, lymph drainage, proprioceptive exercises, increase circulaiton, shock wave therapy, strengthen surround structures

199
Q

Medial ankle sprain MOI

A

eversion

200
Q

S&S medial ankle sprain

A

pop, giving out, swelling, bruising, limping

201
Q

treatment for medial ankle sprain

A

same as lateral

202
Q

injury managemet for fractures

A

-splint
-check distal circulation
-monitor for shock

203
Q

Jones fracture

A

preoneus brevis avulsion of base of 5th metatarsal via inversion

204
Q

S&S jones fracture

A

TOP base of 5th MT, pain when weightbearing

205
Q

Talus fracture

A

talus jammed into mortise

206
Q

talus fracture MOI

A

severe ankle sprains, land from height, forced DF

207
Q

calcaneus fracture MOI

A

jump from height

208
Q

S&S calcaneus fracture

A

extreme pain, unable to weight bear

209
Q

fibula fracture MOI

A

direct f=blow, ankle sprain mechanism

210
Q

fibula fracture S&S

A

varies with severity but since it is not a weight bearing bone, people can often still walk

211
Q

Knee joins

A
  1. tibiofemoral
  2. patellofemoral
  3. superior tibiofibular
212
Q

TDH stabilize what

A

medial ankle

213
Q

intracapsular strucutres of the knee

A

ACL, PCL, meniscus, cartilage and joint surface

214
Q

what does the wipe test test for

A

identifies if a structure within the capsule si damaged or if it is extracapsular, if capsule is torn htis will not be effective

215
Q

purpose of meniscus

A

absorb shock

216
Q

what muscles pull laterally on the patella

A

rectus femrois and vastus lateralis/intermedius

217
Q

what muscle pulls medially on patells

A

vastus medialis

218
Q

lateral hamstrings

A

biceps femoris

219
Q

medial hamstrings

A

semimembranosis and semitendonosis

220
Q

Glute medius action

A

hip abduction

221
Q

glute medius anterior fibres

A

IR hip, flexion hip

222
Q

Glute medius posterior fibers

A

-extend and externally rotate hip
-eccentrically control IR of the femur in WB

223
Q

how does glute medius affect gait

A

prevents pelvis in dropping during gait

224
Q

Quads : Hams ratio

A

Ideal 3:2
Post ACL injury 1:1

225
Q

what is medial tibial stress syndrome

A

shin splints
-exercise induced pain over ant tibia and is an early stress injury
**do not train through

226
Q

compartment syndrome

A

excessive pressure within a muscle/facial compartment

227
Q

acute compartment syndrome

A

trauma or following a long bone fracture

228
Q

compartment syndrome (overuse)

A

often overlooked as shin splints

229
Q

S&S compartment syndrome

A

red, hot, shiny, pain, humb, weak, faint pulse distally

230
Q

acute management of compartment syndrome

A

no pressure, reduce inflamm, no RTP, NWB, refer

231
Q

gastroc/soleus strain

A

overstretch in dorsifelxion with knee ext (gastroc) especially with forceful contraction

232
Q

S&S gastroc/soleus strain

A

pop, pull, sharp pain, swelling, bruising

233
Q

special test for gastroc/soleus strain

A

muscle test for gasroc, soleus, deep flexors, thompson test to rule out achilles rupture

234
Q

acute management soleus/gastroc strain

A

PIER, pressure pad with wrap over injured tissues, NWB, avoid stretch and contraction, No RTP

235
Q

MOI achilles rupture

A

sudden forceful contraction
-common in stop and go sports

236
Q

S&S achilles rupture

A

pain, swelling, unable to PF, delayed bruising

237
Q

special test achilles rupture

A

thompson test, toe raise

238
Q

acute management achilles rupture

A

PIER, NWB, pressure pad, educate, refer

239
Q

Patellofemoral Pain syndrome MOI

A

poor tracking of patella in the femoral condyle
-often oversue

240
Q

S&S patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

TOp post aspect of patella

241
Q

what to check for with patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

-mechanics bottom up & top down
-stable base
-quad imbalance

242
Q

patellar dislocation MOI

A

valgus force with foot planted causing IR of femur

243
Q

S&S patellar dislocation

A

patella on side of knee, pain

244
Q

subluxed patellar dislocation special test

A

apphrehension test
*no special test if fully dislocated

245
Q

what to rule out if its a first time dislocation of patella

A

osteochondral fracture

246
Q

acute management patellar fracture

A

PIER, refer, brace

247
Q

patellar tendonitis MOI

A

excessive traction on patellar tendon

248
Q

S&S patellar tendonitis

A

pain, swelling, heat over tendon, pain with jumping, running, quad contraction but can train through pain

249
Q

special test for patellar tendonitis

A

thomas test

250
Q

acute management patellar tendontitis

A

Pier, roll/soft tissue mobility for quads, lower extremity mechanics, tendinopathy rehab, RTP with tape

251
Q

Knee bursitis

A

fluid filled sacs lay flat between areas of friction

252
Q

knee bursitis MOI

A

direct trauma, friction from tight muscles/tendons

253
Q

knee bursitis S&S

A

rebound pain, often painless, visible fluid filled sac

254
Q

acute management knee bursitis

A

protect with padding, soft tissue mobility

255
Q

stress fractures MOI

A

overuse/poor mechanics

256
Q

patellar fracture MOI

A

direct blow, patellar dislocation

257
Q

Tibial Plateau Fracture MOI

A

varus or valgus load, direct blow

258
Q

How to differential menisci

A

Medial = C
Lateral =O

259
Q

why are meniscus hard to heal

A

poor blood supply

260
Q

types of meniscus tears

A

-vertical
-trasverse
-peripheral
-bucket handle (surgical)
-parot-break
-flap

261
Q

MOI meniscus tears

A

plant & twist, contact, wear & tear

262
Q

S&S meniscus tear

A

sharp pain at specific ROM, loaded rotation, deep squat pain, clicking/locking, swelling

263
Q

Meniscus tear is commonly asociated with

A

ACL injury

264
Q

Special test for meniscus tear

A

mcmurrays and Apleys, duck walk

265
Q

acute management meniscus tear

A

PIER, NWB, educate, refer, bracing

266
Q

Knee ligaments

A

MCL, PCL, ACL, LCL

267
Q

ACL location

A

anteromedial aspect of intercondylar area of tibial plateau, passes up and back to posterior medial femorla condyle (lateral)

268
Q

2 bundles of ACL

A

posterolateral and anteromedial

269
Q

posterolateral ACL

A

taught in extension with less than 30 deg rotation

270
Q

anteromedial ACL

A

taught going in flexion and with rotation

271
Q

purpose of ACL

A

prevents ant translation of tibia on femur and limits IR

*stabilizes

272
Q

ACL moi

A

sudden cut or pivot

273
Q

ACL S&S

A

swelling, pain, not able to WB, delayed bruising

274
Q

incidence of ACL

A

higher in females than males because of Q-angle
-30% from contact
-70% from wrong movement

275
Q

special tests for ACL

A

ANt drawer, lachmans, pivot shift

276
Q

ACL acute managemnt

A

PIER, NWB, clear inflamm, no RTP

277
Q

types of ACL surgery

A

autograft, allograft, bone-tendon-bone graft, hamstring graft, BEAR

278
Q

PCL

A

ant-lateral aspect of medial frmoral condyle within the notch and inserts post aspect of tibial plateau

279
Q

PCL MOI

A

hyperflexion, forced translation

280
Q

PCL S&S

A

swelling, pain, not WB, delayed bruising

281
Q

PCL special tests

A

psot drawer, sag sign

282
Q

acute management PCL

A

PIER, NWB, refer

283
Q

LCL MOI

A

varus stress to knee

284
Q

LCL S&S

A

lateral knee pain, swelling, stiff

285
Q

LCL special test

A

varus stress

286
Q

LCL acute management

A

PIER, NWB, pressure pad to approximate ends
**strenngthen dynamic stabilizers

287
Q

MCL commonly associated with

A

ACL injury

288
Q

MCL moi

A

valgus stress on knee, plant and twist

289
Q

MCL special test

A

valgus stress

290
Q

MCL acute management

A

PIER, NWB, pressure pad to approximate ends

291
Q
A

KNPE 331 (2 decks)

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