Midterm

Question 1

utility

Answer 1

greatest good for greatest number

Question 2

autonomy

Answer 2

person’s rational capacity for self governance

Question 3

nonmalficence

Answer 3

do not inflict harm

Question 4

beneficence

Answer 4

we should do good to others

Question 5

justice

Answer 5

what is fair or due

Question 6

guardian ad litem

Answer 6

court appointed person who looks out for the best interests of a disabled person, minor, or person unfit to make their own decisions

Question 7

good samaritan

Answer 7

person who acts in an emergceny situation to aid a victim is protected by law as longas they do not exceed parameters of their training

Question 8

standard of care

Answer 8

‘reasonable’ person ideal; the ordinary skill and care that all medical practitioners must use, as determined by their state license or certification. It is the same level as others similarly trained, licensed, certified.

Question 9

discovery rule

Answer 9

The Statute of Limitations begins ‘running’ when the problem is discovered or should have been discovered, which can be some time after the actual treatment.

Question 10

prudent person rule

Answer 10

also called the Reasonable Person Standard, means that a HCP must provide information to a patient that a reasonable person would want before he or she makes a decision about treatment or refusal

Question 11

paternalism/patient autonomy

Answer 11

usually rejected by kantian ethics

Question 12

virtue ethics

Answer 12

if a physician cultivates honesty and fidelity, they will be more likely to keep promises to patients and maintain confidentiality.

Question 13

rule utilitarianism

Answer 13

greatest amount of good is produced by stating a rule that a physician should treat all patients with care and sensivity when telling them the truth, or have a rule mandating strict adherence to confidentiality.

Question 14

therapeutic privelege

Answer 14

withholding of relevant infomation from a patient when the physician believes that disclosure would likely do harm.

Question 15

preponderance of the evidence

Answer 15

standard of proof in a civil case

Question 16

beyond a reasonable doubt

Answer 16

standard of proof in a criminal case

Question 17

constitution

Answer 17

supreme law of the land

Question 18

stare decisis

Answer 18

let the decision stand

Question 19

implied consent

Answer 19

A patient rolling up their sleeve to have a blood sample taken is an example of this.

Question 20

informed consent

Answer 20

May be waived in the case of an emergency.

Question 21

OCR

Answer 21

government organization that investigates a violation of a patinet’s medical privacy

Question 22

HIPPA

Answer 22

1996 law designed to regulate issues relating to the privacy and confidentiality of PHI

Question 23

competence

Answer 23

the ability to render sound decisions

Question 24

tarasoff

Answer 24

patient confidentiality may be broken to protect another person from harm

Question 25

wanglie

Answer 25

patient, or their legal representative, have the right to elf-determine their own care

Question 26

bouvia

Answer 26

patients have a fundamental right to refuse medical treatment and those rights superseded the state’s interests. quality of life is a valid and essential consideration; and fulfilling the patient’s desire to refuse treatment was not equivalent to assisting the patient in committing suicide.

Question 27

social ethics for research involving human subjects looks at these three areas…

Answer 27

social utility, respect for persons, and justice

Question 28

stigma can be best defined as

Answer 28

negative social attribution placed on people because of their disability or illness

Question 29

“the common rule” refers to

Answer 29

the legal rules protecting human subjects involved in research, but it is also generally thought to instantiate ethical principles promugalted in the Belmont report

Question 29

chronic illnesses have different and more complex social dimensions than acute illnesses do. this is because chronic illnesses or disabilities do not follow the conventions of the sick role because chronic illnesses…

Answer 29

become part of a persons core social identities

Question 30

blinding

Answer 30

procedure for ensuring that research subjects and researchers dont know which interventions the subjectss receive

Question 31

clinical trial

Answer 31

scientific study designed to test a medical intervention in humans

Question 32

randomization

Answer 32

assigning of subjects randomly to both experimental and control groups

Question 33

placebo

Answer 33

inactive or sham treatment

Question 34

one of the principal consequences of having noncitizen, immigrant parents with low levels of education and associated low levels of english language proficiency is the likelihood that…

Answer 34

their children will not have health insurance

Question 35

Henry Beecher, a Harvard anesthesiologist, published what is considered the most important medical publication on ethics in the mid-twentieth century. this work…

Answer 35

is an account of twenty-two cases of medical research that ‘endangered the health and well-being of subjects without their knowledge or approval’.

Question 36

the tuskeegee study

Answer 36

syphilis patients died untreated in the rural south to determine the autopsies what the disease did to the human body

Question 37

UCLA Schizophrenia Study

Answer 37

double-blind study for over 12 weeks where subjects were taken off their medications to see how long before full-blown symptoms would return. the goal was to discover identifying characteristics and what discontinuing medication would do to the subjects so relapse could be observed.

Question 38

human radiation experiments

Answer 38

thousands of subjects, without their consent and without being told of the potential dangers, were exposed from 1944 to 1974 through government-sponsored experiments. the advisory committee later determined that informed consent of all human subjects should be required, even if the research was classified.

Question 39

Henrietta Lacks

Answer 39

permission was never obtained for a sample taken form subject which became a cell line used for extensive bio-medical research and them commodified in a multimillion-dollar industry.

Question 40

based on the 2017 federal interagency forum on children and familiy statistics annual update on the status of children, it seems clear that health disparities among children differ among socioeconomic and racial ethnic groups because the current rates of _____________ were higher among African American and Puerto Rican children.

Answer 40

asthma

Question 41

The Nuremberg Code was a result of the american military tribunal trying Nazi physicians. the military tribunal …

Answer 41

two of the above are correct:

Question 42

one of the most notorious medical research cases post wwII involved,….

Answer 42

both of the above are true

Question 43

this movement contends that many health-related factors previously attributed to culture or ethnicity also represent consequences of decisions about larger contects, including health care or food delivery systems, local politics, infrastructure, and the very definitions of illness and health

Answer 43

structural competency

Question 44

one of the “concrete ways for health care professionals to become more structurally competent” is….

Answer 44

learn from social sciences and humanities disciples to be more aware of the ways racism is embedded. learn about implicit bias

Question 45

it was not until this document was revised in 2013 that research on human tissues or biospecimens was addressed, noting (f)or medical research using identifiable human material or data, such as research on material or data contained in biobanks or similar repositories, physicians must seek informed consent for its collection, storage and/or reuse.

Answer 45

Declaration of Helsinki