Midterm

Question 1

Youth as a social construct

Answer 1

Relative to place people are identified as youth

Involves change

Not universal stage of life

Question 2

Youth as a social process

Answer 2

Describes experiences of being young within specific social, economic, and political circumstances

Examines the role of institutions and policies

Question 3

Individualization thesis

Answer 3

A fragmentation of traditional structures

Understand changing influences institutions play in lives

Question 4

Subjectivity

Answer 4

Social identities are formed within specific social context that limit possible subjectivities or identities to form

Question 5

Identities

Answer 5

Produced by young people but mediated by experiences

Question 6

Transitions as development

Answer 6

Overlooks blurred boundaries between youth/adult

Less age dependent

Question 7

Transitions as linear pathways

Answer 7

Masks the reality of more complex and chaotic processes in young lives

Question 8

Transitions as the norm

Answer 8

Assumes a standard start to finish

Question 9

Ghettoization

Answer 9

Physical manifestation of inequality, resulting in segregated living within a site of fewer resources and opportunities

Middle class people retreat to different neighbourhoods and governments disinvest in public infrastructure
- fewer job prospects
- fewer resources
- young people can’t find work

Question 10

Moral discourse of “deserving” and “undeserving poor”

Answer 10

Deserving - those whose poverty are seen as resulting from circumstances out of their control (ex. Disability or accident)

Undeserving - those whose poverty are believed to be a result of laziness, bad decisions, substance use, etc.

Question 11

Social exclusion

Answer 11

Societal process that lead certain groups to be systematically denied the opportunity to participate in commonly accepted societal activities

Question 12

Precarious Employment

Answer 12

Combination of low pay, employment insecurity, and working time insecurity, violate the labour market

Youth wage - two tiered minimum wage system

Student wage applies to students under the age of 18 who work 28hrs or less. Increased to $15.60 from $14.60. Students working over 28 are entitled to general minimum ($16.55)

Question 13

Best way to ensure financial independence

Answer 13

Flexibility not predictability

Question 14

NEET

Answer 14

Not in Employment, Education, or Training

Covid increased NEET youth from 11% to 14% by 2021

Question 15

Stereotyping

Answer 15

Over generalization of traits shared within a groups

Assumes that anyone who occupies that identity will carry certain behaviours, beliefs, etc.

Leads to hierarchies

Question 16

Millington et al. Study

Answer 16

Chinese-Canadian were facing rejections because of the masculine standards in Vancouvers PE curriculum

Reinforced the stereotype that asian boys were passive and feminine

Question 17

Media effects

Answer 17

Promotes panic and fear of immigrants and ‘ethnic’ crime

Key players in the process of racialization

Negatively impacts interactions between minority groups with the institutions and values of society

Can influence constructions of young peoples identity and how they’re perceived

Question 18

Strandbu & Kvalem (2014) Study

Answer 18

Gender differences on body talk

All except sport students focused on female bodies

“Fat talk” (Nichter)