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Clin studies (Lance) > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of determining the priority of need and the proper order of treatment in critically ill or injured animals?

A

Triage

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2
Q

In-Hospital triage consists of 4 classifications: what are they?

A

Catastrophic
Critical
Urgent
Less serious

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3
Q

Normal mentation means?

A

Alert and interactive

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4
Q

Dull/depressed mentation means?

A

Interactive but not bright and eager

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5
Q

Obtunded mentation means?

A

Reacts to stimuli but at a much slower pace.

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6
Q

Stuporous mentation means?

A

Disconnected, reacts only to noxious stimuli (needle poke)

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7
Q

Comatose mentation means?

A

Fails to react to any stimuli

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8
Q

TBI means?

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

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9
Q

TBI signs are?
(5)

A

Abrupt changes in mentation
Changes in pupil size, symmetry and response.
Altered gait or posture
Evidence of head trauma
Low heart rate

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10
Q

What PE findings may be strongly indicative that a traumatic brain injury has occurred?

A

Low heart rate

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11
Q

A “Snappy” pulse indicates?

A

Animal may be anemic.

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12
Q

Peripheral pulses are not palpable when the mean arterial pressure is less than?

A

60mm Hg

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13
Q

Tachypnea may indicate decreased blood oxygen, thoracic trauma, shock or metabolic alkalosis. T or F?

A

True

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14
Q

A restrictive breathing pattern is?

A

Fast and shallow often indicating broken ribs or pleural effusion.

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15
Q

If MM are blue, purple or dusky it means?

A

Immediately start to supplement oxygen.

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16
Q

If MM are brick red, brown or mottled pink/purple/red it may indicate?

A

Carbon monoxide, heat stroke, or sepsis.

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17
Q

If MM are yellow it means?

A

High bilirubin

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18
Q

If MM are white it means?

A

Vasoconstriction (shock) or chronic anemia.

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19
Q

Borborygmi detected during thoracic auscultation may indicate a diaphragmatic hernia. T or F?

A

True

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20
Q

Shock can be defined as?

A

Impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues.

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21
Q

What are clinical signs of shock?
(5)

A

Dull mentation
Tachycardia
Weak pulses
Pale mucous membranes
Tachypnea.

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22
Q

Early or Compensated shock can be depressed or anxious, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulse quality variable, Hyperglycemic. T or F?

A

True

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23
Q

Untreated or decomposed shock is hypoglycemia altered mental status, pale mucous membranes, weak pulse, severe tachycardia. T or F?

A

True

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24
Q

Forms of shock are?
(5)

A

Hypovolemic
Distributive
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Septic

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25
Q

What is the most common form of shock?

A

Hypovolemic

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26
Q

Aggressive fluid therapy is contraindicated in what type of shock?

A

Cardiogenic

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27
Q

SIRS stands for?

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

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28
Q

Following resuscitation from shock reperfusion may initiate?

A

Production of oxygen-free radicals during a widespread inflammatory response.

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29
Q

What are the most commonly used crystalloids?

A

Isotonic Solutions

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30
Q

-25% left within vascular space after 1 hour, remainder move to ISF, you need to give ___ml(s) to get __ ml(s) increase in IVF.

A

4, 1

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31
Q

The shock dose of crystalloids for dogs is?

A

90ml/kg/hr

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32
Q

Shock does for crystalloids in cats is?

A

45-60ml/kg/hr

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33
Q

Coagulopathy and dehydration are 2 common indications for blood transfusion. T or F?

A

False (Coagulopathy yes, dehydration no)

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34
Q

Chronic anemia with a PCV of less than 12-15% with physical exam abnormalities may indicate the need for a blood transfusion. T or F?

A

True

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35
Q

Characteristics of an ideal feline blood donor include?
(3)

A

Current on vaccinations, Screened for transmissible diseases, at least 10lbs.

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36
Q

How many separate blood types are there for dogs?

A

8

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37
Q

Most cats have what blood type?

A

A

38
Q

The standard blood collection from a donor dog or cat is?

A

15mls/kg

39
Q

A vagus mediated arrest can occur in patients experiencing?

A

Severe vomiting

40
Q

Endotracheal intubation and ventilation with an ambu bag with room air provided?

A

21% oxygen

41
Q

When bagging a patient with oxygen during CPCR, you should provide a longer time for inspiration than expiration (approx 4:1). T or F?

A

False

42
Q

Thoracic pump chest compressions should be used on animals that weigh over 7kg. T or F?

A

True

43
Q

The presence of ECG complexes with no cardiac contractions to generate a pulse is termed?

A

Pulseless electrical activity

44
Q

What is indicated in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation?

A

Electrical Defibrillation.

45
Q

The recommended setting for electrical defibrillation is?

A

2-4 Joules/kg

46
Q

Serial Neurologic should be done hourly on post arrest patients. This can be achieved by?

A

Pupillary light response testing.

47
Q

Acute renal failure is common in the post-arrest patient. What is the best way to monitor renal function?

A

Placement of a urinary catheter to quantify urine output.

48
Q

When monitoring patients on fluids urine output is an important consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy animal?

A

1-2ml/kg/hr

49
Q

Which breed of dog is very prone to urinate stones?

A

Dalmations

50
Q

In general, the urine specific gravity for a healthy hydrated dog should be approx?

A

1.030

51
Q

The glomeruli of both kidneys must be nonfunctional to what degree before the serum chemistry changes?

A
  • 70
52
Q

What term refers to sugar in the urine?

A

Glycosuria

53
Q

A polydipsic cat demonstrates?

A

Increased drinking.

54
Q

What is not a risk factor for gastric dilation - volvulus?

A

Rapid ingestion of food, exercise after feeding, fat added to the food.

55
Q

What is not a classic clinical sign of gastric dilation - volvulus?

A

Increased appetite

56
Q

What emergency condition commonly presents “comma” or “tear drop” shaped intraluminal gas bubbles on abdominal radiographs?

A

Linear foreign body

57
Q

“Wind up” pain is?

A

A perceived increase in pain intensity over time due to repeated pain stimulus.

58
Q

Most cases of epilepsy are most commonly first diagnosed in dogs between what age?

A

6 months and 5 years

59
Q

Indications for blood and plasma transfusion is?
(4)

A

Trauma
Surgical bleeding
Coagulopathy
Intracavitary bleeding

60
Q

What % of acts are blood type A?

A

90%

61
Q

What is the uncommon blood type in cats?

A

B (purebreds)

62
Q

What is the rare blood type in cats?

A

AB (universal recipient)

63
Q

1ml/lb (2ml/kg) = increase of HCT by 1%, give in <4hr to decrease bacterial contamination. T or F?

A

True

64
Q

Adverse transfusion reactions are?

A

Immunologic

65
Q

Signs of adverse transfusion reactions are? (10)

A

Restless - Incontinence
Muscle tremors - Convulsions
Nausea - Facial Edema
Fever - Urticaria/itchiness
Tachypnea - Tachycardia

66
Q

TACO means?

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload.

67
Q

Dyspnea means?

A

Abnormal breathing effort

68
Q

Tachypnea means?

A

Increased resp rate

69
Q

Bradypnea means?

A

Decreased resp rate

70
Q

Orthopnea means?

A

Difficulty breathing except in upright position

71
Q

Hyperpnea means?

A

Abnormal increase in depth and rate of resp

72
Q

Apnea means?

A

Stop breathing

73
Q

What is used to remove excess fluid in pulmonary edema?

A

Furosemide

74
Q

What is the term for harsh, high pitched respiratory sound?

A

Stridor

75
Q

Oxygen care is excellent for?

A

Fractious cats

76
Q

NAVEL means?

A

Naloxone, Atropine, Vasopressin, Epinephrine, Lidocaine

77
Q

Hyperventilating the animal can lead to constriction of the cerebral blood vessels and decreased perfusion of the brain which will cause more neurologic damage. T or F?

A

True

78
Q

You cant feel the heart is mean pressure is?

A

40mm Hg

79
Q

Pupil size and responsiveness to light are indicators of?

A

Prognosis

80
Q

Hepatopathy means?

A

Decreased Albumin production

81
Q

What is a high pH caused by excessive loss of hydrogen ions?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

82
Q

Types of Uroliths are? (3)

A

Calcium oxalate
Struvite
Urate

83
Q

What is the most common type of stone in cats?

A

Calcium oxalate

84
Q

Acute renal failure signs? (8)

A

Lethargic
Vomiting
Collapse
Abdominal pain
Renomegaly
No urine production
Tachycardia
Oral ulcers

85
Q

What are clinical signs of diabetes mellitus? (4)

A

PU/PD
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Cataracts (in dogs)

86
Q

Increase blood glucose results in?

A

Glycosuria

87
Q

Paresis means?

A

A loss of ability to support weight or inability to generate a gait.

88
Q

Paralysis means?

A

The complete loss of voluntary movement.

89
Q

Tetraparesis/plegia is?

A

All 4 limbs affected

90
Q

Paraparesis/plegia is?

A

Pelvic limbs affected

91
Q

Hemiparesis/plegia is?

A

Limbs on one side affected

Clin studies (Lance) (1 decks)

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