Midterm 15-16

Question 1

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

oxygen and sugars

Question 2

What happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.

Question 3

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

Answer 3

It creates food that they can eat.

Question 4

What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?

Answer 4

chlorophyll and other pigments

Question 5

All organic compounds contain the element

Answer 5

carbon.

Question 6

Why is water important for a cell?

Answer 6

Most chemical reactions in cells require water.

Question 7

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy?

Answer 9

passive transport

Question 10

Enzymes are important because they

Answer 10

speed up chemical reactions.

Question 11

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called

Answer 11

starches.

Question 12

What is the definition of compound

Answer 12

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form

Question 13

What is the definition of a species

Answer 13

group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

Question 14

What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 14

A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.

Question 15

What is this definition of variation?

Answer 15

Differences between members of the same species

Question 16

How does a new species form

Answer 16

A group is separated from the rest of the species.

Question 17

What are fossils?

Answer 17

the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

Question 18

How do most fossils form?

Answer 18

A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.

Question 19

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?

Answer 19

radioactive dating

Question 20

What does it mean when a species is extinct?

Answer 20

refers to a species that no longer has any living members?

Question 21

What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?

Answer 21

gradualism

Question 22

What theory agrees with fossil records that show no intermediate forms for long periods of time?

Answer 22

punctuated equilibria

Question 23

What is the definition of Homologous structures

Answer 23

when two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development

Question 24

If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms

Answer 24

evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 25

Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to

Answer 25

determine the evolutionary relationships among species.

Question 26

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 26

Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.

Question 27

What is the definition of evolution?

Answer 27

The gradual change in a species over time

Question 28

What is the definition adaptation?

Answer 28

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Question 29

What is the definition of natural selection?

Answer 29

individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 30

What is the definition overproduction?

Answer 30

refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive

Question 31

How does natural selection lead to evolution?

Answer 31

Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.

Question 32

What is the definition of a gene?

Answer 32

Factors that control traits

Question 33

What is the definition of a hybrid?

Answer 33

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Question 34

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

Answer 34

two dominant alleles

Question 35

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

Answer 35

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 36

What is definition of probability?

Answer 36

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Question 37

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

Answer 37

____?____ in four

Question 38

What does a Punnett square show?

Answer 38

all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Question 39

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

Answer 39

You will have to figure this one out on your own

Question 40

What is the definition of phenotype?

Answer 40

An organism’s physical appearance

Question 41

What is the definition of traits?

Answer 41

physical characteristics that are studied in genetics

Question 42

What is the definition of alleles?

Answer 42

The different forms of a gene

Question 43

What is the definition of genotype?

Answer 43

genetic makeup.

Question 44

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

Answer 44

homozygous

Question 45

A heterozygous organism has

Answer 45

two different alleles for a trait.

Question 46

All plants are

Answer 46

eukaryotes.

Question 47

Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants

Answer 47

how they transport materials.

Question 48

What parts of a fern grow underground?

Answer 48

roots and stems

Question 49

You would expect to find spores

Answer 49

on the underside of fern fronds.

Question 50

The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the

Answer 50

rhizoid.

Question 51

What produces egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?

Answer 51

gametophyte

Question 52

The spores that plants produce develop into the

Answer 52

gametophyte stage.

Question 53

What are the characteristics of vascular tissue in plants?

Answer 53

look it up page 252

Question 54

A fern’s leaves are called

Answer 54

fronds

Question 55

What are the two stages of a plant's life cycle?

Answer 55

sporophyte and gametophyte.

Question 56

What happens in the phloem?

Answer 56

Food moves down from leaves.

Question 57

What part of a woody stem forms rings that indicate the tree’s age?

Answer 57

xylem

Question 58

What characteristic do gymnosperms share?

Answer 58

They produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruits.

Question 59

The most diverse group of gymnosperms is the

Answer 59

conifers.

Question 60

The reproductive structures of most gymnosperms are called

Answer 60

cones

Question 61

All angiosperms produce

Answer 61

fruits.

Question 62

What is a characteristic of a monocot?

Answer 62

scattered bundles of vascular tissue in its stem

Question 63

Angiosperms that live for more than two years are called

Answer 63

perennials.

Question 64

Know how angiosperms are useful to people.

Answer 64

page 272 and 276

Question 65

Germination will not happen unless a seed

Answer 65

absorbs water.

Question 66

Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the

Answer 66

stomata

Question 67

What is NOT a root function in plants?

Answer 67

to produce food

Question 68

Root hairs help a plant

Answer 68

absorb water and nutrients.

Question 69

Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity

Answer 69

stops

Question 70

What is the first thing you should do if an accident occurs?

Answer 70

Notify your teacher

Question 71

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

Answer 71

observing

Question 72

What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 15, and the other lens has a magnification of 30

Answer 72

You will have to figure this one out on your own

Question 73

What are the parts of the cell theory

Answer 73

Get this on your own page 54

Question 74

Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

Answer 74

Nucleus

Question 75

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 75

to protect and support the cell

Question 76

The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover

Answer 76

cells

Question 77

Autotrophs are dependent on what source of energy

Answer 77

the sun

Question 78

Know the parts of a seed

Answer 78

cotyledon, seed coat, embryo and stored food