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7th grade 15-16 > Midterm 15-16 > Flashcards

Midterm 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen and sugars

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2
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.

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3
Q

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

A

It creates food that they can eat.

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4
Q

What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?

A

chlorophyll and other pigments

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5
Q

All organic compounds contain the element

A

carbon.

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6
Q

Why is water important for a cell?

A

Most chemical reactions in cells require water.

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7
Q

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

diffusion

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8
Q

Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?

A

osmosis

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9
Q

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy?

A

passive transport

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10
Q

Enzymes are important because they

A

speed up chemical reactions.

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11
Q

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called

A

starches.

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12
Q

What is the definition of compound

A

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form

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13
Q

What is the definition of a species

A

group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

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14
Q

What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galápagos Islands?

A

A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.

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15
Q

What is this definition of variation?

A

Differences between members of the same species

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16
Q

How does a new species form

A

A group is separated from the rest of the species.

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17
Q

What are fossils?

A

the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

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18
Q

How do most fossils form?

A

A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.

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19
Q

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?

A

radioactive dating

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20
Q

What does it mean when a species is extinct?

A

refers to a species that no longer has any living members?

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21
Q

What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?

A

gradualism

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22
Q

What theory agrees with fossil records that show no intermediate forms for long periods of time?

A

punctuated equilibria

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23
Q

What is the definition of Homologous structures

A

when two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development

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24
Q

If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms

A

evolved from a common ancestor.

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25
Q

Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to

A

determine the evolutionary relationships among species.

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26
Q

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

A

Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.

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27
Q

What is the definition of evolution?

A

The gradual change in a species over time

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28
Q

What is the definition adaptation?

A

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

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29
Q

What is the definition of natural selection?

A

individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

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30
Q

What is the definition overproduction?

A

refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive

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31
Q

How does natural selection lead to evolution?

A

Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.

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32
Q

What is the definition of a gene?

A

Factors that control traits

33
Q

What is the definition of a hybrid?

A

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

34
Q

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

A

two dominant alleles

35
Q

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

A

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

36
Q

What is definition of probability?

A

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

37
Q

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

A

____?____ in four

38
Q

What does a Punnett square show?

A

all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

39
Q

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

A

You will have to figure this one out on your own

40
Q

What is the definition of phenotype?

A

An organism’s physical appearance

41
Q

What is the definition of traits?

A

physical characteristics that are studied in genetics

42
Q

What is the definition of alleles?

A

The different forms of a gene

43
Q

What is the definition of genotype?

A

genetic makeup.

44
Q

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

A

homozygous

45
Q

A heterozygous organism has

A

two different alleles for a trait.

46
Q

All plants are

A

eukaryotes.

47
Q

Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants

A

how they transport materials.

48
Q

What parts of a fern grow underground?

A

roots and stems

49
Q

You would expect to find spores

A

on the underside of fern fronds.

50
Q

The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the

A

rhizoid.

51
Q

What produces egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?

A

gametophyte

52
Q

The spores that plants produce develop into the

A

gametophyte stage.

53
Q

What are the characteristics of vascular tissue in plants?

A

look it up page 252

54
Q

A fern’s leaves are called

A

fronds

55
Q

What are the two stages of a plant’s life cycle?

A

sporophyte and gametophyte.

56
Q

What happens in the phloem?

A

Food moves down from leaves.

57
Q

What part of a woody stem forms rings that indicate the tree’s age?

A

xylem

58
Q

What characteristic do gymnosperms share?

A

They produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruits.

59
Q

The most diverse group of gymnosperms is the

A

conifers.

60
Q

The reproductive structures of most gymnosperms are called

A

cones

61
Q

All angiosperms produce

A

fruits.

62
Q

What is a characteristic of a monocot?

A

scattered bundles of vascular tissue in its stem

63
Q

Angiosperms that live for more than two years are called

A

perennials.

64
Q

Know how angiosperms are useful to people.

A

page 272 and 276

65
Q

Germination will not happen unless a seed

A

absorbs water.

66
Q

Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the

A

stomata

67
Q

What is NOT a root function in plants?

A

to produce food

68
Q

Root hairs help a plant

A

absorb water and nutrients.

69
Q

Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity

A

stops

70
Q

What is the first thing you should do if an accident occurs?

A

Notify your teacher

71
Q

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

A

observing

72
Q

What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 15, and the other lens has a magnification of 30

A

You will have to figure this one out on your own

73
Q

What are the parts of the cell theory

A

Get this on your own page 54

74
Q

Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

A

Nucleus

75
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

A

to protect and support the cell

76
Q

The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover

A

cells

77
Q

Autotrophs are dependent on what source of energy

A

the sun

78
Q

Know the parts of a seed

A

cotyledon, seed coat, embryo and stored food

7th grade 15-16 (2 decks)

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