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midterm Flashcards

1
Q

nomads

A

moved from place to place, no permanent settlements, settled down in small villages

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2
Q

hunter gatherers

A

people who hunted to survive and obtain food

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3
Q

neolithic age agriculture had/did

A

polished stone tools, pottery, , domesticated and raised animals

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4
Q

ziggurat

A

in mesopotamia, monumental architecture, were not only places of worship but also the center of government, priests managed irrigation systems and received crops as payment

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5
Q

name effects of the neolithic revolution

A
  • increased life expectancy
    -new developed skills
    -job specialization
    -development of social classes based on roles and wealth
    -social inequality
    -changed landscape
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6
Q

fertile crescent

A

in mesopotamia | middle east, between persian gulf and mediterranean sea, rivers deposit rich soil (silt) for farming, large quantities of wheat and barley

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7
Q

mesopotamia

A

early river civilization

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8
Q

monotheism

A

belief that there is only one god

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9
Q

polytheism

A

belief that there are more than 3 gods

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10
Q

hammurabis code was…

A

-a single uniform code of laws
-specifically 282 laws
-helped unify the diverse groups within his empire

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11
Q

theocracy

A

government where priests rule in the name of their god

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12
Q

pharaoh

A

egyptian king

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13
Q

papyrus

A

material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface

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14
Q

egyptians were… (_____theism)

A

polytheism

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15
Q

covenant

A

an agreement between God and the Hebrews

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16
Q

abrahams grandson is named _____ then renamed ______

A

jacob
israel

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17
Q

what is a israel

A
  • a man
  • people
  • a kingdom
    -a modern nation state
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18
Q

the torah makes judaism ethical _________

A

monotheism

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19
Q

harappa

A

early civilization on the indus

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20
Q

the mandate of heaven was in which dynasty

A

zhou

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21
Q

mandate of heaven

A
  • idea that rulers had gained divine approval
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22
Q

feudalism

A

a political system governed by the lord vassal relationship

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23
Q

indo europeans were also known as

A

aryans

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24
Q

aryans language

A

sanskrit

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25
Q

first migration

A

nomadic hunter gatherers migrated out of africa

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26
Q

indo european migration

A

aryans invasion from central eurasia

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27
Q

caste

A

social class/ system

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28
Q

reincarnation/rebirth

A

humans were believed to be rebirthed continously until lead to nirvana

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29
Q

karma

A

action

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30
Q

siddhartha

A

his family was given a prophecy about him when he was born

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31
Q

nirvana

A

a perfect state of understanding/release from selfishness and pain

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32
Q

confucius played a role in which government

A

hans

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33
Q

qin shi huangdi

A

first emperor

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34
Q

aryans

A

indo europeans

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35
Q

Asoka

A

chandraguptas grandson, becomes king, troubled by war he becomes a buddhist

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36
Q

asokas death brings a end to which empire

A

mauryan

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37
Q

silk roads

A

trade route spread by monastic communities

38
Q

han dynasty

A

-continued centralizing authority
-less harsh legal system
-expanded boundaries

39
Q

kublai khan extended the

A

grand canal

40
Q

genghis khan

A

laid the foundation for a mighty empire, introduced the census

41
Q

pax mongolica

A

period of time where the mongols imposted stability and law and order across eurasia

42
Q

marco polo

A

venetian trader visits china in 1275

43
Q

mongol rule in china

A

yuan dynasty

44
Q

shinto

A

traditional religion; rituals honor ancestors and “kami” |Shinto was based on respect for the forces of nature and on the worship of ancestors.

45
Q

Local samurai leaders were called

A

daimyo

46
Q

shogun

A

emperor gave title of “Shogun” to military leader

47
Q

tale of genji

A

an account of the life of a prince in the imperial court. This long prose
narrative is considered the world’s first novel.

48
Q

aegean sea

A

the sea that separates greece from asia minor

49
Q

homer

A

a greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

50
Q

polis

A

city

51
Q

democracy

A

government by the people

52
Q

athens

A

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

53
Q

sparta

A

A powerful Greek miliary polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.

54
Q

marathon

A

a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians

55
Q

olympics

A

Greek athletic competitions to celebrate the Gods and feed city-state rivalries

56
Q

persian wars

A

A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious.

57
Q

pericles

A

Ruler of Athens who zealously sought to spread Athenian democracy through imperial force

58
Q

herodotus

A

father of history

59
Q

peloponnesian war

A

The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

60
Q

philosophy

A

a system of beliefs and values

61
Q

socrates

A

greek philosopher

62
Q

delian league

A

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

63
Q

alexander the great

A

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia

64
Q

alexandria

A

City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy.

65
Q

republic

A

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

66
Q

patrician

A

In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class.

67
Q

tribune

A

In ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights.

68
Q

senate

A

A council of representatives

69
Q

cleopatra

A

last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian’s enemy

70
Q

punic wars

A

A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome’s dominance over the western Mediterranean.

71
Q

twelve tables

A

Rome’s first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C.

72
Q

julius caesar

A

Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power

73
Q

augustus

A

First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar.

74
Q

pax romana

A

roman peace

75
Q

messiah

A

anointed one

76
Q

paul

A

Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world.

77
Q

diaspora

A

A dispersion of people from their homeland

78
Q

bishop

A

A church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular region

79
Q

augustine

A

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church

80
Q

constantine

A

Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)

81
Q

germanic invasions

A

This was a contributing factor to the fall of Rome. The Huns also lead to its downfall.

82
Q

aqueduct

A

A structure that carries water over long distances

83
Q

bantu migration

A

farmers and herders who migrated south and spread language and skills-1000BC - 1000AD

84
Q

aksum

A

African kingdom that remained Christian during Muslim expansion.

85
Q

beringa

A

land bridge that connected Asia and North America

86
Q

mesoamerica

A

A geographic region in the western hemisphere that was home of the Mayan and Aztec civilizations.

87
Q

olmec

A

The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction.

88
Q

andes mountains

A

the largest mountain range in the world; home of the Chavin and Inca civilizations.

89
Q

bushido

A

Samurai lived according to a demanding code of behavior called Bushido or “the way of the warrior.”

90
Q
A

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