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Marine Studies > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of “scientific classification”

A

Taxonomy, classifying groups based on shared characteristics

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2
Q

What are the 5 basic things all animals have to do to survive

A

Food, breathing, protection, reproduction, and excretion

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3
Q

What are abiotic characteristics of the photic zone?

A
  • Sunlight
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4
Q

What biotic characteristics of the photic zone?

A
  • Photosynthesizers
  • Plankton (drifters)
  • Herbivores or Carnivores
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5
Q

What is the depth of the photic zone?

A

200m

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6
Q

What are abiotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?

A
  • Open ocean and large spaces
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7
Q

What are biotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?

A
  • Carnivores
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8
Q

What is the depth of the pelagic zone?

A

0 to 4000m (includes the photic zone)

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9
Q

What are biotic charcteristics of the benthic zone?

A
  • Grass beds
  • Coral reefs
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10
Q

What are abiotic characteristics of the benthic zone?

A
  • If it is deep, it is dark and if it is a shallow area, it has some light
  • Rocky, sandy, and muddy
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11
Q

What is the depth of the benthic zone?

A

Seafloor and any other depths

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12
Q

What are abiotic characteristics in the abyssal zone?

A
  • No light
  • High pressure
  • Cold
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13
Q

What are biotic characteristics of the abyssal zone?

A

Animals that usually have:
- Minimal body mass
- Camouflage

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14
Q

What is the depth of the abyssal zone?

A

4,000 to 10,000 m deep

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15
Q

What are adaptions of animals in the photic zone?

A

Countershading

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16
Q

What are adaptions of animals in the pelagic zone?

A
  • Strong
  • Fast
  • Stamina
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17
Q

What are adaptions of animals in the benthic zone?

A
  • Camouflage
  • Depressed or rock shaped
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18
Q

What are adaptions of animals in the abyssal zone?

A
  • Minimal body mass
  • Camouflage
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19
Q

What does Recreational fishing mean?

A

Collecting organisms for personal consumption

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20
Q

What does Commercial fishing mean?

A

Collecting as many organisms as possible to maximize income and profit

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21
Q

What does Target Species mean?

A

The organism that is most desired for capture and sale

22
Q

What does Bycatch mean?

A

Organisms that are caught but not “desired” due to low profitability or inability to sell at all

23
Q

What does Fishery mean?

A

The whole process of catching and marketing fish and shellfish for sale. It includes the resources (what is being fished), fishermen, and related businesses

24
Q

What does Active gear mean?

A

Gear that is designed to chase and capture
target species

25
Q

What does Passive gear mean?

A

Gear that sits in one place and allows the target species to approach

26
Q

What does a Dirty fishery mean?

A

A fishing strategy or fishery that has a large portion of bycatch in its total collection and/or impacts the habitat in a destructive way.

27
Q

What does a Clean fishery mean?

A

A fishing strategy or fishery that has little to no bycatch in its total collection and/or has minimal destructive impact on the habitat

28
Q

What does Regulations mean?

A

Rules and laws designed to decrease a fishery’s impact on bycatch and/or habitats

29
Q

What type of gear is a Benthic Trawl?

A

Active

30
Q

What are target species of Benthic Trawls?

A
  • Cod
  • Flatfish
31
Q

What type of gear is a Midwater Trawl?

A

Active

32
Q

What are target species of Midwater Trawls?

A
  • Shrimp
  • Pollock
33
Q

What type of gear is a Purse Seine?

A

Active

34
Q

What are target species of Purse Seines?

A
  • Tuna
  • Herring
  • Anchovy
35
Q

What type of gear is a Dredge?

A

Active

36
Q

What are the target species of Dredges?

A
  • Scallops
  • Oysters
  • Clams
37
Q

What type of gear is a Trap?

A

Passive

38
Q

What are the target species of Traps?

A
  • Lobster
  • Crab
  • Whelk
39
Q

What type of gear is a Longline?

A

Passive

40
Q

What are the target species of Longlines?

A
  • Tuna
  • Cod
  • Mahi Mahi
  • Swordfish
41
Q

What type of gear is a Gillnet?

A

Passive

42
Q

What are the target species of Gillnets?

A
  • Salmon
  • Cod
  • Tuna
43
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Benthic Trawl?

A

Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat

44
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Midwater Trawl?

A

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

45
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Purse Seine?

A

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

46
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Dredge?

A

Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat

47
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Trap?

A

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

48
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Longline?

A

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

49
Q

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is Gillnet?

A

Dirty Bycatch and Clean Habitat

50
Q

What regulation has been added to the Benthic and Midwater trawls?

A

Turtle excluder device

51
Q

What regulation has been added to the Dredge?

A

Closed areas

52
Q

What regulation has been added to Longlines?

A

Circle hook instead of “j” hook

Marine Studies (5 decks)

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