Midterm Flashcards
What is the definition of “scientific classification”
Taxonomy, classifying groups based on shared characteristics
What are the 5 basic things all animals have to do to survive
Food, breathing, protection, reproduction, and excretion
What are abiotic characteristics of the photic zone?
- Sunlight
What biotic characteristics of the photic zone?
- Photosynthesizers
- Plankton (drifters)
- Herbivores or Carnivores
What is the depth of the photic zone?
200m
What are abiotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?
- Open ocean and large spaces
What are biotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?
- Carnivores
What is the depth of the pelagic zone?
0 to 4000m (includes the photic zone)
What are biotic charcteristics of the benthic zone?
- Grass beds
- Coral reefs
What are abiotic characteristics of the benthic zone?
- If it is deep, it is dark and if it is a shallow area, it has some light
- Rocky, sandy, and muddy
What is the depth of the benthic zone?
Seafloor and any other depths
What are abiotic characteristics in the abyssal zone?
- No light
- High pressure
- Cold
What are biotic characteristics of the abyssal zone?
Animals that usually have:
- Minimal body mass
- Camouflage
What is the depth of the abyssal zone?
4,000 to 10,000 m deep
What are adaptions of animals in the photic zone?
Countershading
What are adaptions of animals in the pelagic zone?
- Strong
- Fast
- Stamina
What are adaptions of animals in the benthic zone?
- Camouflage
- Depressed or rock shaped
What are adaptions of animals in the abyssal zone?
- Minimal body mass
- Camouflage
What does Recreational fishing mean?
Collecting organisms for personal consumption
What does Commercial fishing mean?
Collecting as many organisms as possible to maximize income and profit
What does Target Species mean?
The organism that is most desired for capture and sale
What does Bycatch mean?
Organisms that are caught but not “desired” due to low profitability or inability to sell at all
What does Fishery mean?
The whole process of catching and marketing fish and shellfish for sale. It includes the resources (what is being fished), fishermen, and related businesses
What does Active gear mean?
Gear that is designed to chase and capture
target species
What does Passive gear mean?
Gear that sits in one place and allows the target species to approach
What does a Dirty fishery mean?
A fishing strategy or fishery that has a large portion of bycatch in its total collection and/or impacts the habitat in a destructive way.
What does a Clean fishery mean?
A fishing strategy or fishery that has little to no bycatch in its total collection and/or has minimal destructive impact on the habitat
What does Regulations mean?
Rules and laws designed to decrease a fishery’s impact on bycatch and/or habitats
What type of gear is a Benthic Trawl?
Active
What are target species of Benthic Trawls?
- Cod
- Flatfish
What type of gear is a Midwater Trawl?
Active
What are target species of Midwater Trawls?
- Shrimp
- Pollock
What type of gear is a Purse Seine?
Active
What are target species of Purse Seines?
- Tuna
- Herring
- Anchovy
What type of gear is a Dredge?
Active
What are the target species of Dredges?
- Scallops
- Oysters
- Clams
What type of gear is a Trap?
Passive
What are the target species of Traps?
- Lobster
- Crab
- Whelk
What type of gear is a Longline?
Passive
What are the target species of Longlines?
- Tuna
- Cod
- Mahi Mahi
- Swordfish
What type of gear is a Gillnet?
Passive
What are the target species of Gillnets?
- Salmon
- Cod
- Tuna
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Benthic Trawl?
Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Midwater Trawl?
Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Purse Seine?
Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Dredge?
Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Trap?
Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Longline?
Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat
What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is Gillnet?
Dirty Bycatch and Clean Habitat
What regulation has been added to the Benthic and Midwater trawls?
Turtle excluder device
What regulation has been added to the Dredge?
Closed areas
What regulation has been added to Longlines?
Circle hook instead of “j” hook
