MIDTERM Flashcards
Scientific study of tissues
HISTOLOGY
group of cells organized into afunctional unit
Tissues
consist of rapidly dividing cells
Meristematic tissues-
have already assumed various shapes and sizes related to their specific functions as they develop and mature
Permanent tissues
carries and transports nutrients and water
Vascular tissues
Protective tissues
epidermis
Based on stage of development
a. Embryonic or meristematic
b. Permanent
Based on initiating cells
a. (primordial meristem)
b. Primary meristem
c. Secondary meristem
Based on function
a. Protoderm(DERMATOGEN)
b. Procambium(PLEROME)
c. Fundamental orground(PERIBLEM)
Based on position in the plantbody (Location)
a. Apical
b. Intercalary
c. lateral
Simple permanent
PARENCHYMA
COLLENCHYMA
SCLERENCHYMA
Complex permanent
XYLEM
PHLOEM
Least specialized permanent tissue composed of living thin walled cell
PARENCHYMA
Cell contains numerous chloroplast for photosynthesis
Chlorenchyma
Irregular cell surrounded with large air space
Aerenchyma
secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, and oils
Glandular cells
-Living cell with thickening in corner leaving the lateral wall thinning
-May be either short and prismatic, elongated and tapering or polygonal in transverse section
COLLENCHYMA
Collenchyma forms a band about ________cells thick.
8 to 12 cells thick
Masses of collenchyma cells often occur in the outer parts of stems and leaf stalks.
COLLENCHYMA TISSUE
The primary wall is thicker at the corners; No intercellular spaces arepresent
COLLENCHYMA
-Cells possess thick lignified secondary wall
-May or may not be living
-Occurs in cluster or group among parenchymatous cells surrounding vascular tissue
SCLERENCHYMA
Elongated cells with pointed end walls
Fiber
Roundish or polygonal cell withwalls varying in thickness
Sclera’s or Stone Cell
-Outermost layer of cells or any plant organ with primary growth
-Irregular, isodiametric &distinctly elongated in shaped with outer cell impregnated or not with cutin (cuticle)
EPIDERMIS
-Specialized cells present in the epidermis
guard cells of stomata
aka Epidermal Outgrowths/Hairs
Trichomes
- protection from insects and excessive sunlight
- aids in nutrient uptake
- spread of seeds
Trichomes
-Outer impermeable protective layer of a secondary plant body
-Compose of compactly arranged dead, lignified and suberized cell without intercellular space
CORK TISSUES
VASCULAR TISSUES
- Xylem
- Phloem
-Principal water-conducting tissue composed of lignified dead cells located in the stellar (vascular)region of stem, root, or leaves
-Various patterned secondary walls called tracheids, vessel, fiber, and parenchyma
XYLEMq
-Various patterned secondary walls
tracheids, vessel, fiber, and parenchyma
-Principal food conducting tissue composed of different type of cells located in the stellar region
-Composed of fibers, parenchyma, sieve cell or tube and companion cells
PHLOEM
MONOCOTS
-Tanglad – Cymbopogon citratus
-Corn – Zea mays
-Pandan – Pandanus amaryllifolius
-Sugarcane – Saccharum officinarum
-Ginger – Zingiber officinale
-Grass - Poaceae
-Onion – Allium cepa
DICOTS
Corazon de maria – Caladium bicolor
Gumamela – Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Gabi – Colocasia esculenta
Cassava – Manihot esculenta
Peanut – Arachis hypogaea
Mango – Mangifera indica
Type: Storage root(Swollen lateralroot)
Function: Storage
CASSAVA – Manihot esculenta
CAMOTE – Ipomoea batatas
Type: Storage root(Fleshy taproot)
Function: Storage
CARROT – Daucus carota
Type: Prop root
Function: Support
PANDAN – Pandanus odoratissimus
Type: Brace root
Function: Support
CORN – Zea mays
Type: Adventitousroot
Function:Reproduction
STRAWBERRY – Fragaria ananassa
Type: Velamen
Function: Waterretention
ORCHID - Orchidaceae
Type:Chlorophyllous
RootsFunction:Photosynthesis
ORCHID - Orchidaceae
Type: Adventitious root (Root-thorns : roots arises at the base of the stem and are thorn-like
Function: Supportand protection
COCONUT – Cocos nucifera
Type:Pneumatophores
Function: Aeration
MANGROVE – Rhizophoramangle
Type: Prop root
Function: Support
RUBBER TREE – Ficus elastica
Type: Adventitious root (Root Climber)
Function:Attachment
Creeping Ivy– Ficus pumila
Type: Storage root(Fleshy taproot)
Function: Storage
UBE – Dioscorea alata
Type: Brace root
Function: Support
SUGARCANE – Saccharum officinarum
Type: Storage root(Fleshy taproot)
Function: Storage
SUGAR BEET – Beta vulgaris
Type: Storage root(Fleshy taproot)
Function: Storage
TURNIP – Brassica rapa
living parenchyma, full of xylem sap, constant thickness
sapwood
regions of wood
early wood/spring wood
late wood/summer wood
with large vessels and few fibers, 1st wood formed
early wood/spring wood
region of abundant fibers and few narrow vessels, for strength
late wood/summer wood
annual ring with vessels through out it
diffuse porous
vessels are in early wood, conspicuous annual ring
ring porous
seasonal climate, vascular cambium become active after winter
annual rings
growth rings
annual rings
Scientific name:Solanum tuberosum
Type: Tuber
POTATO
Scientific name:Colocasia esculenta
Type: Corm
GABI
Scientific name:Allium cepa
Type: Bulb
SIBUYAS
Genus name:Rosa
Type: Thorn
ROSE
Scientific name:Momordicacharantia
Type: Twiner
AMPALAYA
Scientific name:Citrus maxima
Type: Thorns
SUHA
Family name:Cactaceae
Type: Cladode/Phyllodes/Phylloclade
CACTUS
Scientific name:Zingiber officinale
Type: Rhizome
GINGER
Scientific name:Cucurbita maxima
Type: Twiner
SQUASH
Scientific name:Euphorbia tirucalli
Type: Cladode/Chrolophyllous stem
STICK PLANT
Modified leaf orstipule
Spine –
Outgrowth ofepidermis or bark
Prickle –
modified stem
Thorn –
Bryophyllum pinnatum
Type: Succulent/Adventitous buds orReproductive leaves
Function: Waterstorage/Reproduction
KATAKA-TAKA -
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Type: Coloredleaf/Bracts
Function: Attraction
POINSETTIA -
Mimosa pudica
Type: Motile leaf
Function: Protection
MAKAHIYA –
Cactaceae
Type: Spine
Function: Protection
CACTUS –
Antigon leptopus
Type: Coloredleaf/Bracts
Function: Attraction
CADENA DE AMOR –
Ananas comosus
Type: Succulent
Function: Waterstorage
PINEAPPLE –
Nepenthes
Type: Insect trap
Function:Protection/ Foodproduction
PITCHER PLANT –
Type: Succulent
Function: Waterstorage
Aloe vera
Bougainvillea glabra
Type: Coloredleaf/Bracts
Function: Attraction
BOUGAINVILLEA –
Asplenium rhizophyllym
Type: Adventitousbuds orReproductive leaves
Function:Reproduction
WALKING FERN –
