Midterm

Question 1

A group of Aboriginal people recognized in the Canadian Constitution. The three kinds of aboriginals included, Indian, Inuit and Métis. Indian was a historic term to describe descendants in first inhabitants of the Americas. They’re also known by the names, First Nations, Natives, Aboriginal people and Indigenous people.

Answer 1

Indian:

Question 2

Indian Act:

Answer 2

The governing relation of the government and first nation. It was a federal act.

Question 3

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)/ Commercial Archaeology:

Answer 3

An identification, evacuation, assessment, or protection of archaeological sites threatened by destruction from natural and/or cultural branch.

Question 4

Colonialism:

Answer 4

Land already occupied by Indigenous people becoming occupied by the European nation. The European nation then began to subjugate and dominate the land.

Question 5

Aboriginal:

Answer 5

General definition used by the Canadian Constitution to label all indigenous people of Canada. With the inclusion of Indians, status and non-status. As well as Métis and Inuit people.

Question 6

Beringia:

Answer 6

Section of land covering that remained ice-free during the last ice age in areas of northwestern North America and northeastern Asia. Archaeologists think Americas first place inhabited by people was Beringia.

Question 7

Band:

Answer 7

Majority of Bands are not referred to as nations. In the Indian Act (1985): “A body of Indians… For whose use and benefits in common, lands, legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, have been set apart”.

Question 8

Reserve:

Answer 8

Portion of land held by the federal government for Indians. Bristish Columbia has roughly 1500 Reserves. Jurisdiction is held over reserves by the Federal government.

Question 9

Prehistory:

Answer 9

Before written records or any human documentation. British Columbians prehistory to history progression existed between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Question 10

The percentage or section of First Nations blood one has.

Answer 10

Blood Quantum:

Question 11

Non-status Indians:

Answer 11

refers to any First Nations person who for whatever reason is not registered with the federal government, or is not registered to a band which signed a treaty with the Crown

Question 12

Registered (or status) Indians:

Answer 12

Are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown.

Question 13

midden

Answer 13

a common feature of archaeological sites, comprising the accumulated trash of settlement. When the midden contains a visible proportion of shel, it is often referred to as a shell midden. Thousands of middens are recorded in BC.

Question 14

nation

Answer 14

a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.

Question 15

Pictographs and Petroglyphs:

Answer 15

Petroglyphs are rock carvings (rock paintings are called pictographs) made by pecking directly on the rock surface using a stone chisel and a hammerstone.

Question 16

Tribal Council

Answer 16

is an association of First Nations bands in Canada, generally along regional, ethnic or linguistic lines.

Question 17

The rights of aboriginal peoples, subject to negation or adjudication. The canadian constitution protects “Aboriginal Rights” but fails to state the nature of those rights. Right may include the freedom to maintain traditional economic and social activities as well as rights to lands, resources and self government.

Answer 17

Aboriginal Rights

Question 18

Its purpose is to encourage and facilitate the protection and conservation of heritage property in British Columbia. For the purpose of this Act “heritage site” means, whether designated or not, land, including land covered by water, that has heritage value to British Columbia, a community or an aboriginal people.

Answer 18

British Columbia Heritage Conservation Act:

Question 19

fluted point tradition

Answer 19

a distinct technological tradition invented by early human cultures that spread across the Americas. Fluted point technology is very well known in North America, evidenced by finds across the continent dating from 13,000 to 10,000 years ago.

Question 20

Lind Coulee Tradition:

Answer 20

large, stemmed projectile points, chipped stone crescents, and. large steep scrapers. Rice (1972) has shown that it is an. early hunting tradition, exploiting bison, pronghorn, elk.

Question 21

A cultural tradition found at early sites on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America, dating between 10,000 – 9,000 years BP. Sites are characterized by the presence of unifacial pebble tools, leaf-shaped bifaces and other flaked stone tools, and an absence of microblade technology.

Answer 21

Pebble Tool Tradition:

Question 22

a period of technological development marked by the creation and use of small stone blades, which are produced by chipping silica-rich stones like chert, quartz, or obsidian. Blades are a specialized type of lithic flake that are at least twice as long as they are wide.

Answer 22

Microblade Tradition:

Question 23

subsistence patterns

Answer 23

alternatively known as a subsistence strategy – is the means by which a society satisfies its basic needs for survival. This encompasses the attainment of nutrition, water, and shelter.

Question 24

Seasonal Rounds:

Answer 24

A pattern of moving from one location to another in order to hunt and gather food and other resources.

Question 25

is the on-going accumulation of knowledge, practice and belief about relationships between living beings in a specific ecosystem that is acquired by indigenous people over hundreds or thousands of years through direct contact with the environment, handed down through generations

Answer 25

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom

Question 26

Fishing Regulation Act:

Answer 26

provincial legislation that requires local governments in applicable areas to protect riparian areas during residential, commercial, and industrial development.

Question 27

Indian Act of Canada, 1876:

Answer 27

granted the Canadian government control over many aspects of Indigenous Peoples’ lives, including the management of housing, health services, the environment, and other resources on reserves. In this photo, an indigenous Canadian woman is on a reserve, 1930.

Question 28

First Nations

Answer 28

A self determined group comprising the descendants of people who lived in what is now BC before the arrival of europeans and americans in the late eighteenth century. In many instances the term “first nations” has replaced “indian band”

Question 29

metis

Answer 29

a person of mixed indigenous and Euro-American ancestry, in particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Métis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers.

Question 30

inuit

Answer 30

1. a member of an indigenous people of northern Canada and parts of Greenland and Alaska.

2.the family of languages of the Inuit, one of the three branches of the Eskimo-Aleut language family. It is also known, especially to its speakers, as Inuktitut.