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POLI 100 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutional Government

A

a government where the powers of the ruler(s) are limited by a constitution

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2
Q

Authoritarian Government

A

a political system that rejects democracy and political plurality, no rule of law, strong central power

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3
Q

representative democracy

A

elected delegates represent a group of people

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4
Q

direct democracy

A

no elected delegates, but rather the people directly decide on policy (cut the middle man?)

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5
Q

pluralism

A

society made up with competing groups, no one group is predominant. different groups prevail in different areas (Dahl)

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6
Q

political efficacy

A

the citizens trust that they have the power to change the government and influence political affairs

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7
Q

limited government

A

government is limited in its exercise of delegated powers as well as the means it can employ

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8
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the original constitution, ratified in 1781

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9
Q

the Virginia plan

A

a plan proposed by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch

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10
Q

the Great Compromise

A

the compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans which brought about one population based chamber of congress and one equal representation chamber of congress

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11
Q

3/5 compromise

A

a (failed) plan for there to be one legislative house of congress with equal representation, where slaves were to be counted as 3/5 of a person

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12
Q

bicameralism

A

congress has two chambers

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13
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments to the constitution

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14
Q

separation of powers

A

the powers of government are divided across branches, no one branch has too much power

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15
Q

federalism

A

big government and small government(s) combined in a single system, favors the big central government

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16
Q

expressed powers

A

powers specifically granted to the federal government in the Constitution

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17
Q

elastic clause

A

congress can make laws which are necessary and proper for the execution of foregoing powers

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18
Q

supremacy clause

A

national law overrides state law

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19
Q

antifederalists

A

opposed the constitution, don’t like big central government

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20
Q

federalist papers

A

papers written to promote the ratification of the constitution

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21
Q

implied powers

A

powers granted to the government that are not explicitly stated in the constitution

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22
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

elastic clause, congress can make laws when necessary and proper

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23
Q

reserved powers

A

powers not explicitly given to the federal government by the constitution, but are given to the state under the 10th amendment

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24
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by the federal and state government

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25
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

state courts must respect the laws and judgements of courts from other states

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26
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

states cannot make or enforce laws that take away privileges or immunities of citizens of the US

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27
Q

home rule

A

local governments can pass their own laws as they see fit, as long as it doesn’t contradict state and federal laws

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28
Q

dual federalism

A

power is divided between federal and state government, state government operates without federal interference

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29
Q

grants in aid

A

federal money given to an individual to fund a project or program

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30
Q

categorical grants

A
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31
Q

new federalism

A

funds the federal government gives to the states to spend on specific things

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32
Q

diffusion

A
33
Q

unfunded mandates

A

a regulation that is given to be followed with no funding provided to fulfill the action

34
Q

incorporation

A

the first ten amendments are made applicable to the states through due process of the 14th amendment

35
Q

barron v baltimore

A

construction of a city caused problems for barron, which gave us the doctrine of incorporation

36
Q

establishment clause

A

freedom of religion

37
Q

clear and present danger test

A

speech that imposes a threat, with real potential of imminent danger

38
Q

fighting words

A

words meant to incite violence, not protected free speech

39
Q

speech plus

A

communication of ideas through speech and action

40
Q

prior restraint

A

suppression of material that would be made public that could be harmful or slanderous

41
Q

exclusionary rule

A

a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial

42
Q

miranda rule

A

police must make those in police custody aware of their rights

43
Q

eminent domain

A

government can take your land if they want it (they have to pay you)

44
Q

equal protection clause

A

found in the 14th amendment, basically everyone has equal protection under the laws

45
Q

thirteenth amendment

A

abolished slavery except for punishment of crimes

46
Q

jim crow laws

A

racial laws that enforced segregation, mostly in the south

46
Q

fourteenth amendment

A

part of the reconstruction, this ensured equal protection for everyone under the laws

47
Q

brown v board of education

A

state laws establishing racial segregation were found to be unconstitutional

48
Q

strict scrutiny

A

in order for a law to be passed, it has to make it through some stuff

49
Q

de facto

A

legal practices or formalities not specifically stated by law

50
Q

redlining

A

denying services, usually financial, to certain groups based on race or ethnicity

51
Q

intermediate scrutiny

A

second level of deciding issues using judicial review

52
Q

1898 wilmington race riot

A

white supremacists killed black people and forcefully tried to take back the government to prevent further reconstruction efforts

53
Q

affirmative action

A

promote opportunities for those who are a minority with less access to that of the majority

54
Q

delegate

A

a person who represents others in a democracy

55
Q

trustee

A

a person trusted with powers of administration over property

56
Q

descriptive representation

A

a group elects an individual to represent their interests

57
Q

apportionment

A

how seats in a legislative body are distributed

58
Q

gerrymandering

A

making voting districts to attempt and tip the scales in one party’s favor

58
Q

speaker of the house

A

the presiding officer over the house of representatives

59
Q

whip

A

ensure party discipline in legislature

60
Q

conference committee

A

the room where it happens (work out differences)

61
Q

congressional caucus

A

the other room where it happens (common goals)

62
Q

filibuster

A

talk and talk and talk

63
Q

cloture

A

procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote

64
Q

germane

A

something relevant to the topic under discussion

65
Q

omnibus appropriations bill

A

put a bunch of small bills into one big bill so it passes with one vote

66
Q

oversight

A

review and monitoring of federal agencies

67
Q

expressed powers (of the president)

A

what is clearly stated that the president can do, including vetos, make treaties, enforce laws

68
Q

executive agreement

A

an international agreement that does not warrant a formal treaty

69
Q

pocket veto

A

president just simply doesn’t sign the bill, allowing time in the legislative session to run out

69
Q

veto

A

president says no

70
Q

implied powers

A

not expressly stated, but powers that the government has

71
Q

inherent powers

A

powers of the state or government branch that are not expressly written in the constitution

72
Q

delegated powers

A

powers granted to the national government under the US constitution

73
Q

legislative initiative

A

new laws can be proposed in legislature

74
Q

executive order

A

president says do this

75
Q

signing statement

A

something written out by the president when he signs a bill into law

POLI 100 (1 decks)

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