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POLI 100 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Constitutional Government

A

a government where the powers of the ruler(s) are limited by a constitution

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2
Q

Authoritarian Government

A

a political system that rejects democracy and political plurality, no rule of law, strong central power

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3
Q

representative democracy

A

elected delegates represent a group of people

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4
Q

direct democracy

A

no elected delegates, but rather the people directly decide on policy (cut the middle man?)

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5
Q

pluralism

A

society made up with competing groups, no one group is predominant. different groups prevail in different areas (Dahl)

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6
Q

political efficacy

A

the citizens trust that they have the power to change the government and influence political affairs

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7
Q

limited government

A

government is limited in its exercise of delegated powers as well as the means it can employ

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8
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the original constitution, ratified in 1781

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9
Q

the Virginia plan

A

a plan proposed by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch

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10
Q

the Great Compromise

A

the compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans which brought about one population based chamber of congress and one equal representation chamber of congress

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11
Q

3/5 compromise

A

a (failed) plan for there to be one legislative house of congress with equal representation, where slaves were to be counted as 3/5 of a person

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12
Q

bicameralism

A

congress has two chambers

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13
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments to the constitution

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14
Q

separation of powers

A

the powers of government are divided across branches, no one branch has too much power

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15
Q

federalism

A

big government and small government(s) combined in a single system, favors the big central government

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16
Q

expressed powers

A

powers specifically granted to the federal government in the Constitution

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17
Q

elastic clause

A

congress can make laws which are necessary and proper for the execution of foregoing powers

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18
Q

supremacy clause

A

national law overrides state law

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19
Q

antifederalists

A

opposed the constitution, don’t like big central government

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20
Q

federalist papers

A

papers written to promote the ratification of the constitution

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21
Q

implied powers

A

powers granted to the government that are not explicitly stated in the constitution

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22
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

elastic clause, congress can make laws when necessary and proper

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23
Q

reserved powers

A

powers not explicitly given to the federal government by the constitution, but are given to the state under the 10th amendment

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24
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by the federal and state government

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25
full faith and credit clause
state courts must respect the laws and judgements of courts from other states
26
privileges and immunities clause
states cannot make or enforce laws that take away privileges or immunities of citizens of the US
27
home rule
local governments can pass their own laws as they see fit, as long as it doesn't contradict state and federal laws
28
dual federalism
power is divided between federal and state government, state government operates without federal interference
29
grants in aid
federal money given to an individual to fund a project or program
30
categorical grants
31
new federalism
funds the federal government gives to the states to spend on specific things
32
diffusion
33
unfunded mandates
a regulation that is given to be followed with no funding provided to fulfill the action
34
incorporation
the first ten amendments are made applicable to the states through due process of the 14th amendment
35
barron v baltimore
construction of a city caused problems for barron, which gave us the doctrine of incorporation
36
establishment clause
freedom of religion
37
clear and present danger test
speech that imposes a threat, with real potential of imminent danger
38
fighting words
words meant to incite violence, not protected free speech
39
speech plus
communication of ideas through speech and action
40
prior restraint
suppression of material that would be made public that could be harmful or slanderous
41
exclusionary rule
a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial
42
miranda rule
police must make those in police custody aware of their rights
43
eminent domain
government can take your land if they want it (they have to pay you)
44
equal protection clause
found in the 14th amendment, basically everyone has equal protection under the laws
45
thirteenth amendment
abolished slavery except for punishment of crimes
46
jim crow laws
racial laws that enforced segregation, mostly in the south
46
fourteenth amendment
part of the reconstruction, this ensured equal protection for everyone under the laws
47
brown v board of education
state laws establishing racial segregation were found to be unconstitutional
48
strict scrutiny
in order for a law to be passed, it has to make it through some stuff
49
de facto
legal practices or formalities not specifically stated by law
50
redlining
denying services, usually financial, to certain groups based on race or ethnicity
51
intermediate scrutiny
second level of deciding issues using judicial review
52
1898 wilmington race riot
white supremacists killed black people and forcefully tried to take back the government to prevent further reconstruction efforts
53
affirmative action
promote opportunities for those who are a minority with less access to that of the majority
54
delegate
a person who represents others in a democracy
55
trustee
a person trusted with powers of administration over property
56
descriptive representation
a group elects an individual to represent their interests
57
apportionment
how seats in a legislative body are distributed
58
gerrymandering
making voting districts to attempt and tip the scales in one party's favor
58
speaker of the house
the presiding officer over the house of representatives
59
whip
ensure party discipline in legislature
60
conference committee
the room where it happens (work out differences)
61
congressional caucus
the other room where it happens (common goals)
62
filibuster
talk and talk and talk
63
cloture
procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote
64
germane
something relevant to the topic under discussion
65
omnibus appropriations bill
put a bunch of small bills into one big bill so it passes with one vote
66
oversight
review and monitoring of federal agencies
67
expressed powers (of the president)
what is clearly stated that the president can do, including vetos, make treaties, enforce laws
68
executive agreement
an international agreement that does not warrant a formal treaty
69
pocket veto
president just simply doesn't sign the bill, allowing time in the legislative session to run out
69
veto
president says no
70
implied powers
not expressly stated, but powers that the government has
71
inherent powers
powers of the state or government branch that are not expressly written in the constitution
72
delegated powers
powers granted to the national government under the US constitution
73
legislative initiative
new laws can be proposed in legislature
74
executive order
president says do this
75
signing statement
something written out by the president when he signs a bill into law

POLI 100 (1 decks)

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