midterm Flashcards
the process of giving new life to something, of restoring something
dictionary definition of recreation
expenditure of time intent to gain more refreshment, break from monotony & a diversion from daily routine, a positive change from stereotypical lifestyles & involves active participation in some entertaining activity (physical), anything stimulating & rejuvenating for an individual, following an itinerary
recreation
the productive, creative, comprehensive use of free times
dictionary definition of leisure
a quality of experience or free time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores, education, as well as necessary activities such as eating & sleeping, doing things on your own
leisure
values derived from recreation
mental health, physical health & growth, emotional stability, social fitness, psychological awareness
why is it important to enjoy positive leisure or recreational activities?
gives you opportunity to be creative, express your basic needs, & be real self; all work & no play makes a person dull, sick, unbalanced, & unhappy; people who correctly balance work & play are more productive & tend to be in better physical, mental, social, & emotional health; people who are disciplined, well-organized, & have life goals well in mind have better chances of being successful; will help to build a long , stress free, balanced life
types of recreational activities
physical, social, cultural, intellectual (all interconnected)
categories of tourism operators
transport, accommodation, attractions, travel services, entertainment, experiential, business related operators
essential to functioning of tourism industry, facilitate travel, shape destination choices, impact overall travel experience
transport operators (airlines, cruises, taxis/rideshare, car rentals, motorcycles, etc.)
transport operators key impact
accessibility, destination choice, customer experience
transport operators negatives
overbooking/tourism, harmful/damaging to environment, costs/over-pricing
integral to tourism industry as they provide the places where tourists stay during their trips, shape overall travel experience, contribute to local economies, play pivotal role in destination development & sustainability efforts
accommodation operators (timeshares, resorts, motels, bed & breakfast, lodges, boutique hotels, airbnbs, hostels, etc.)
accommodation operators key impact
accommodation choices, tourist experience, destination development, online booking platform
accommodation operators negatives
scammers/security
create primary reasons for tourists to visit specific destinations, contribute economically, culturally, educationally to destination’s appeal, impact extends to various stakeholders w/in tourism ecosystem
attraction operators (tourist spots, amusement parks, festivals/events, cultural hubs, national parks, etc.)
attraction operators key impact
tourist draws, length of stay, destination development, visitor experience
attraction operators negatives
expenses
essential in facilitating & enhancing tourism experience for travelers, contribute to industry’s growth by providing convenient, customized, expertly planned travel solutions
travel services operators (travel agent/agency, tour operators, foreign exchange, etc.)
travel services operators key impact
travel planning & booking, convenience & efficiency, risk management
significantly influence tourism industry by creating & managing attractions that draw tourists & contribute to overall appeal of a destination, play a pivotal role in economic development, cultural promotion, overall tourism experience
entertainment operators (festival operators, stadiums, theaters, concerts, etc.)
entertainment operators key impact
cultural & arts promotion, educational opportunities
transformative impact on tourism industry by offering travelers unique & meaningful experiences that align w/ interests & values, contribute to diversification of tourism offerings, promote sustainability, provide opportunities for cultural exchange, personal growth, community development
experiential travel operators (medical tourism, etc.)
experiential tourism operators impact
diverse offering, personalization, local engagement, adventure & wellness
serve the specific needs of corporate travelers & organizations, contribute to industry’s economic growth, assist in travel risk management, promote efficient & cost-effective business travel practices
business related operators (conventions, M.I.C.E [meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibition], etc.)
business related operators key impact
corporate travel management, meetings & conferences, traveler convenience, incentive travel
revenue generation, job creation, economic diversification, tax revenue
economic impact of tourism sectors as a whole
transportation & infrastructure
infrastructure development impact of tourism sectors as a whole
cultural exchange, preservation, social interaction, education & awareness
cultural & social impact of overall tourism sectors as a whole
conservation, sustainable practice
environmental impact of tourism sectors as a whole
descriptors of distinctive forms of tourist consumer behaviour; reflect different motivations, interests, styles of travel on part of tourists
tourist typologies
least adventurous tourists, remain encapsulated in an “environmental bubble”, divorced from host community as they remain primarily in hotel complex
organized mass tourist (Eric Cohen Model 1972)
similar to organized mass tourists, utilize facilities made available by tour operator, have some control over own itinerary
individual mass tourist (Eric Cohen Model 1972)
arranges his or her trip alone, attempts to get off beaten track, such tourists will still have recourse to comfortable tourist accommodation
explorer (Eric Cohen Model 1972)
shun contact with tourist & tourist establishments & identify with host community, will live with locals & adopt many of the practices of that community
drifter (Eric Cohen Model 1972)
limited numbers looking for discover & involvement with local people
explorer (Valene Smith Model 1977)
special individually tailored visits to exotic places
elite (Valene Smith Model 1977)
desire to get away from crowds
off-beat (Valene Smith Model 1977)
visit with peculiar objectives such as physical danger or isolation
unusual (Valene Smith Model 1977)
steady flow traveling alone or in small organized groups using some shared services
inicipient mass (Valene Smith Model 1977)
general packaged tour market leading tourist enclaves overseas
mass (Valene Smith Model 1977)
mass travel to relaxion destinations which incorporate as many standardized western facilities as possible
charter (Valene Smith Model 1977)
natural attraction typology
beaches, caves, rock faces, rivers & lakes, forests, wildlife
man-made but not originally designed primary to attract visitors attraction typology
cathedrals & churches, architecture monuments, archaeological sites & objects, historic parks & gardens, relics of technology, steam railways, reservoirs
man-made & purpose-built to attract tourists attraction typology
theme parks, amusement parks, open air museums, heritage centrers, marinas, exhibition centers, garden centers, factory tours, safari parks, leisure centers, casinos & spas, recreation centers, picnic sites, museums & galleries
special events attraction typology
sporting events, art festivals, fairs & markets, traditional customs, religious festivals, historical anniversaries
positive impacts of tourism
jobs created, more money for the country, local traditions & customs kept alive b/c tourists enjoy traditional shows, money from tourists can be used to protect natural landscape, new facilities for tourists also benefit locals, greater demand for local food & crafts
negative impacts of tourism
jobs often seasonal & poorly paid, most money goes out of area to big companies not locals, culture & traditions change as outsiders arrive, damage to natural environment, overcrowding & traffic jams, prices increase in local shops as tourists often wealthier than local population
signifies impact which it creates in terms of social changes in lives of local people, improvements in infrastructure, lifestyle changes, etc; indictors: socio-cultural awareness, push factors, pull factors
social & cultural impact
could have quantified in terms of monetary benefits & overall economic development of society; indicators: foreign exchange revenue, tax revenue, income jobs
economic impact
the impact on nature & surrounding areas; indicators: climate change, urban environmental quality, biodiversity, cultural landscape, forest & water
environmental impact
a process by which interest & desire to take part in sport may be created in those who are currently indifferent to the message of sport; or by which those now not taking part but well disposed may be provided with appropriate opportunities to do so; or by which those currently taking part may be enabled to do so with meaningful frequency & greater satisfaction enabling participants at all levels to achieve their full potential
sports development
history & evolution of physical development
primal times: move for your life (BCE), neolithic times: crop culture (BCE), ancient times: prepared for war, renaissance times: fresh start, modern times
primal times, neolithic times, ancient times
no knowledge about what they’re doing
renaissance times
gaining knowledge, studying/learning about human anatomy
modern times
1) physical fitness (external): the body, 2) general fitness (internal): health, 3) specific fitness: how we work on our-selves/our body
main components of fitness
muscular strength, body composition, flexibility, speed of velocity, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance
occupation health & safety policy procedures
emergency situation plan, first aid plan, ground & venue checklist
all sport & recreation workplaces should:
commit to OHS, plan to worm safely, consultation, develop OHS procedures for staff to follow, incident notification, inform & train workers & volunteers, monitor & review OHS policies & procedures
sports fitness & rec workplaces must provide:
safe workplace & safe ways of working, equipment & tools in safe condition, safe & hygienic facilities, information, training, supervision of all workers, a process for consulting with workers
emergency plans
procedures outlining response to various emergencies, testing of emergency plans, training & instruction for workers
1st aid for all sports fitness & rec workplaces to provide:
first aid equipment, trained first aiders, signage indicating where first aid is located
providing safe facilities:
safe entry & exit points, cleaning & maintenance schedules, providing adequate space, adequate lighting, adequate ventilation, protection from dangerous weather
recording & reporting procedures for OHS incidences:
an overview of what happened, when, location, description of incident, who was involved, actions taken to deal with incident & by who, who is reporting incident
hazard identification & risk management
substitute hazards with something safer, isolate hazards from people, use engineering controls
role in OHS as a staff memeber:
understand emergency situation procedures, access & follow manufacturer instructions for potentially dangerous equipment
the process of determining the organizations goals & objectives & selecting a course of action to accomplish them within the environment inside & outside of the organization
planning
4 major phases to recreational planning:
pre-design phase, design phase, development phase, actualization
pre-design objective:
prepare a design program which describe objective of park plan in experiential & physical terms
steps of pre-design phase:
1) determine activities to be offered, 2) consider activity experience orientation for each activity, 3) prepare activity analysis for each activity, 4) prepare synthesis of complete pre-design package, 5) document into organized design program
design objective:
document recommended physical arrangement of park object in conformance with design program
steps of design phase:
1) establish deign objectives from design program, 2) site analysis, 3) develop alternative concept plans, 4) evaluation of alternatives/recommendation of primary concept plan, 5) refinement of concept, 6) preparation of general development plan
development phase
preconstruction document, construction constructing, project construction
requires merging of complimentary park management processes of planning, control, & evaluation
actualization
control documents are tools & media of this process
plan
document may define or establish standard
control
based on control & affects plans
evaluation
