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MIDI and SYNTH > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What are two signal types of connecting modules?

A

Audio and Control

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2
Q

A sawtooth waveform with a fundamental of 200Hz will have a 3rd harmonic at ?

A

600Hz

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3
Q

which pitch control allows you to quickly change pitch by octaves?

A

Octav switch

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4
Q

which two types of waves only have odd harmonics

A

square and triangle

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5
Q

if the pulse width of a pulse wave is set to 20%, the harmonic content will have every– harmonic missing?

A

1/5th

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6
Q

using FM synthesis, a carrier oscillator is set to a sine wave @ 350Hz and a modulator oscillator is set to a sine at 70Hz, 1st group of sidebands will be – and the 2nd will be —.

A

280 and 420
210 and 490

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7
Q

define beating

A

periodic fluctuation in loudness caused by slightly detuning two oscillators

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8
Q

setting two oscillators seven half steps apart will result in what interval?

A

perfect 5th

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9
Q

if 2 oscillators producing sine waves at 300 Hs and 500Hz are processed through a ring modulator, what will the output be

A

800 and 200

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10
Q

3 types of controllers?

A

envelope generator, LFO, and keyboard

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11
Q

4 pole low pass filter with a cutoff frequency at 300Hz will have an attenuation of —- dB at 1.2kHz?

A

-51

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12
Q

which pitch control allows you to make adjustments in cents?

A

fine tuning

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13
Q

for a band pass filter, the center frequency is the point at which there is —- attenuation.

A

no

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14
Q

what does a band pass filter do?

A

passes a specific band while cutting below and above the band

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15
Q

what does a band-reject / notch filter do?

A

cuts a specific frequency band while passing above and below the band

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16
Q

what musical property is shaped with an envelope generator routed to an amplifier (VCA)?

A

loudness

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17
Q

envelope silence to max

A

Attack

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18
Q

max to sustain

A

decay

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19
Q

what instrument was features on “Good Vibrations”

A

theremin

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20
Q

explain difference between Moog and buchla approach to building analog synthesizers.

A

Moog wanted to include the keyboard/ things people were more familiar with. Buchla was more interested in experimenting with sounds so he didn’t initially attach a keyboard.

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21
Q

level help until key is released

A

Sustain

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22
Q

return to silence after key is released

A

Release

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23
Q

in order to shape timbre, where would you route an envelope generator?

A

filters cutoff frequency

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24
Q

the – control for the filter envelope generator determines how far the cutoff frequency will sweep audio spectrum. the starting point is cutoff frequency.

A

amount/depth

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25
Q

what does turning up the keyboard tracking knob on a low pass filter do?

A

helps you retain some highs/ brilliance as you go up the piano

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26
Q

if envelope sustain level is set to max, which stage is irrelevant?

A

Decay

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27
Q

2 common types of source modules found on a synthesizer?

A

oscillator and noise generator

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28
Q

filter EG controls how to — will move

A

cutoff frequency

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29
Q

if one oscillator is tuned to 400Hz and the other to 405Hz, what is the rate of beating? rate 2 octaves higher?

A

5hz, 20hz

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30
Q

a keyboard can use an opened gate signal to trigger what?

A

envelope generator

31
Q

if you want an envelope generator to modulate pitch, where would you route it?

A

oscillator

32
Q

what does glide/portamento setting on synth control?

A

causes notes to gradually glide from one to another

33
Q

which controller has a freq range below the range of human hearing?

A

LFO

34
Q
A
35
Q

how is square wave different from triangle wave?

A

harmonics at a square wave are at a higher amplitude

36
Q

who invented voltage control synthesizer?

A

Bob Moog

37
Q

modifier module has what kinds of inputs and outputs?

A

control input, audio input and output

38
Q

how is vibrato created with synthesis?

A

adding a small amount of modulation to an oscillators pitch while an LFO set to a sine wave or triangle if sine is not available

39
Q

2 types of modifiers on synthesizer?

A

filters and amplifiers

40
Q

when routing an LFO to a filter, which parameter allows you to choose the shape of the timber change?

A

waveform selector

41
Q

2 pole low pass filter with cutoff frequency will have an attenuation of what?

A

-15

42
Q

which pitch control allows you to make adjustments in semitones?

A

corse tuning

43
Q

who invented therein?

A

Leon theremin

44
Q

what is the name of the control that allows you to get frequency of an LFO?

A

the rate

45
Q

where is cutoff frequency technically located on most filters?

A

where attenuation is at 3dB down

46
Q

difference between pink and white noise?

A

pink noise: equal energy per octave
white noise: equal energy per bandwidth

47
Q

what does LFO depth/amount control determine?

A

range of change/ modulation

48
Q

basic model for subtractive synthesis?

A
49
Q

if 2 oscillators producing sine wave at 500Hz and 140 Hz are processed through ring mod, what will output be?

A

640 and 360

50
Q

how does sample and hold circuit work?

A

outputs random series of voltage levels by sampling incoming voltage

51
Q

FM synthesis requires 2 sources that assume 2 different roles. what are those 2 roles?

A

modulator and carrier

52
Q

what does Turing off keyboard tracking do? when is it useful and why?

A

disconnects keyboard from controlling pitch. useful for ring mod and FM because it makes math interesting when once source is constant

53
Q

source module has what kind of inputs and outputs?

A

control input, audio output

54
Q

in FM, what source is always heard?

A

carrier

55
Q

a 5 pole low pass filter with cutoff frequency of 100Hz will have an attenuation of —- at 400Hz

A

-63

56
Q

a controller mod has what kinds of inputs and outputs?

A

control input, control output

57
Q

difference between modifier and modulator?

A

modifier is a type of module that changes audio signal. a modulator is a “role” than any module can assume, depending on synths routing capabilities. modulators work via control signals

58
Q

in FM synthesis, turning up “amount” parameter adds:

A

more harmonic sidebands

59
Q

what is a filter?

A

a circuit or device that passes certain frequencies and blocks others

60
Q

on what type of filters is the term center frequency applicable?

A

notch and band pass

61
Q

for band reject, the center frequency is the point at which there is — attenuation?

A

complete

62
Q

every pole equals how many dB?

A

6dB

63
Q

what is envelope as it relates to synthesis?

A

curve/ shape of property of a sound over time

64
Q

what is filter envelope generator controlling?

A

shape of timbre

65
Q

main difference between LFO and envelope generator?

A

LFO is continuous ongoing modulation

66
Q

what is after touch?

A

ability to modify sound by applying pressure to key

67
Q

what does adding resonance do?

A

boosts frequency band at cutoff frequency and center frequency

68
Q

on synth that had EG control, every sound envelope control what parameter?

A

loudness (amplitude envelope)

69
Q

routing an LFO to a – results in modulation of cutoff frequency.

A

filter

70
Q

what’s difference between multi trigger and single trigger envelope generator?

A

with multi, EG will always restart attack stage with pressing of every key. single will restart attack stage when all keys have been released.

71
Q

what is subtractive synthesis?

A

Type of synthesis where sound is created by taking waveform rich in harmonies and using a filter to take out unwanted harmonies

72
Q

3 model categories?

A
73
Q

3 musical properties of sound?

A

frequency/ pitch, spectrum/ timbre, loudness/ amplitude.

74
Q

what kind of signal does a noise generator generate?

A

random signal that contains all frequencies.

MIDI and SYNTH (1 decks)

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