midterm

Question 1

trace fossils

Answer 1

fossils of impressions

Question 2

most common examples of trace fossils in dinosaurs

Answer 2

footprints/trackways and tail marks

Question 3

corporlites

Answer 3

shit thats preserved <3

Question 4

four criteria on where to look for fossils

Answer 4

1. Sedimentary rocks
2. Right age- late triassic to early cretaceous
3. Terrestrial land
4. Good exposure - to physically access rocks

Question 5

what is the classification system we use today for organisms

Answer 5

the Linnaeus system

Question 6

what does the Linnaeus system used to group the organisms

Answer 6

Based upon overall similarity by internal or external similarities

Question 7

Homologous anatomical structures

Answer 7

similar anatomy

Question 8

Parsimony

Answer 8

best relationship with the least number of steps when identifying cladograms, this means it is most likely to be correct.

Question 9

unstable isotopes

Answer 9

different forms of an atomic element with slightly different mass

Question 10

when pangea started to separate, what were the names of the two large continents

Answer 10

gondwana and laurasia

Question 11

cladogram

Answer 11

hierarchical diagram of shared diagnostic characters

Question 12

amnion

Answer 12

membrane that blocks moisture but allows gasses to defuse

Question 13

anapsid

Answer 13

amniote skulls are fully covered with skull roofing bones

Question 14

synapsid

Answer 14

skulls have a singular lower temporal opening

Question 15

diapsid

Answer 15

skulls have paired upper and lower temporal openings

Question 16

dinosaurs had what type of posture

Answer 16

fully erect

Question 17

cruotarson

Answer 17

ankle is at an angle relative to the long bones to accommodate sprawling stance

Question 18

ornitodran

Answer 18

ankle is at angle perpendicular to the long bones to accommodate fully erect stance

Question 19

where were the oldest dinosaurs found

Answer 19

southern hemisphere

Question 20

what are the two dinosaur clades

Answer 20

saurischia and ornithiscia

Question 21

saurischia pelvis

Answer 21

points forward

Question 22

orinthscia

Answer 22

points backward

Question 23

in which dino clade are feathers present

Answer 23

both

Question 24

what are the four potential reasons for feathers on dinosaurs

Answer 24

sensory, display, insulation, flight

Question 25

saurischia characteristics

Answer 25

lizard like pelvis, several vertebrae bone changes, expanded nostrils, expanded tear glands, larger hands, loss of one or more fingers, metatarsals overlapping

Question 26

good diagnostic characters for theropods

Answer 26

hollow bones, large hands with reduced or absent digits, flexible digits

Question 27

basic behavioral characteristics of theropods

Answer 27

large brained, highly social, likely cared for their young, incubated eggs in nest, most carnivorous, runners

Question 28

when were dino eggs first found

Answer 28

1920s

Question 29

what kind of dinosaur were the first eggs from

Answer 29

oviraptor

Question 30

what was the nest for the oviraptor made of

Answer 30

dirt mound

Question 31

why were theropods proposed scavengers

Answer 31

low wear on teeth, small arms

Question 32

melansomes

Answer 32

microscopic capsule shaped organelles in modern birds

Question 33

basic characteristics of neotheropoda

Answer 33

fused collarbone, digit five on hand lost, foot functionally three toed

Question 34

furcula

Answer 34

fused collar bone

Question 35

what type of breathing did saurishcians use

Answer 35

unidirectional

Question 36

pleurocells

Answer 36

internal system of cavities in the skeleton

Question 37

pneumatic formina

Answer 37

openings for air sacs to enter the internal bone cavities

Question 38

characteristics of tetanure

Answer 38

teeth at front of jaws, proportionally large hands, interlocking zygopophyses, rigid tail beyond base

Question 39

convergent evolution

Answer 39

when species develop similar characteristics independently

Question 40

what is the origin of birds

Answer 40

archaeopteryx and lithographica

Question 41

what is the final step from dinosaurs to birds

Answer 41

loss of teeth