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Child Development 3 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Middle childhood is a time in which children….

A

Developments of who they are

Begin to accurately assess their own competence

Develop a sense of power based on their status, with peers and the ability to understand their own behaviour

Seek acceptance by Peers

Evaluate themselves in terms of appropriate or inappropriate behaviour

Perceive themselves differently, begin comparing themselves

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2
Q

Attention is directly related to ______
I will give you the amount of attention related to their_____

A

Age

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3
Q

Physical activity resets_________ _______

A

Attention, Span

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4
Q

All children will develop at their own ________

It is important to acknowledge this, so we can plan with children’s _________ _________ & _________ in mind

A

Pace

Individual needs and interests

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5
Q

From sensory motor to preoperational children’s develop the ability to

A

Use of symbols: spoken and written word, pictures, objects, gestures, etc.

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6
Q

From pre-operational to concrete operations children, develop the ability to

A

Conserve inform operations

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7
Q

The biggest shift we have in our lifetime cognitively is

A

Preoperational to concrete operational thought because of the ability to conserve

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8
Q

Define conservation

A

The understanding that certain properties of objects, such as quantity and number, do not change in spite of perceived transformation

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9
Q

Children who can conserve are

less likely to make judgements about reality based on……

Can now think about

Can d……..

Can r…….

A

Immediate, perceived appearances of things

Transformations

Decentrate - multiple attributes

Reverse actions

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10
Q

Preschoolers cognitively cannot recall…..

A

The past without help

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11
Q

How does cognition relate to school age friendships

A

Not focussing on how people look

Looking at internal enduring qualities

They begin to understand internal traits like kindness

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12
Q

School agers changes in thought

A

Can use strategies and rules to solve problems

Rules make things more systematic

Less egocentric

Realizes there are many sides to a problem that must be considered

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13
Q

Imitations of concrete operations

A

They are still working on

understanding what hasn’t happened yet

what might be in the future

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14
Q

How does make-believe play Promote concrete operational thought

A

Decentration: the realization that children can be themselves and enact a rule simultaneously

Reversibility: the awareness that they can change from their make-believe role back to the real identity at any time

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15
Q

Affective school-age educators

A

Likes children and relates well to them

Encourages children to be independent

Understands child development

Is a good role model

Passionate and understands the power of connection

Allows freedom while setting limits

Has good communication skills

Understands the balance of expectations and support

Can guide children in problem-solving

Includes physical activity into planning

Cares about families

Is able to work as part as a team

Understand their role

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16
Q

inductive and deductive reasoning:

A

Connection with relationships and natural consequences

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17
Q

(Inductive and deductive reasoning)
Test hypotheses:

A

Applying expectations in the world

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18
Q

Inductive thinking

A

Reasoning from experience

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19
Q

Deductive thinking

A

Forming patterns and expectations

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20
Q

Inductive logic

A

Going from your own experiences to a general principle

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21
Q

Mnemonic devices

A

Repetition, imagery, chunking

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22
Q

Kindergarten children need to be touching items they need to……

A

Remember

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23
Q

School agers will rehearse, but only if

A

Reminded to do so each and every time

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24
Q

Older, school-age children rehearse _______ ________ and use ________ with the intention of retaining information

A

Word lists
Chungking

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25
Q

Working memory is still small and thinking about strategies is still hard for _____________

A

Preschoolers

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26
Q

A for year old has a digit span of

A

3 to 4 items

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27
Q

A 12-year-old has a digit span of

A

12

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28
Q

A digit span is

A

A memory span or the longest list of items that can be repeated back in the correct order

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29
Q

Processing
The more children now the faster they can think about these things:

A

More nodes, and more roots to these nodes

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30
Q

Processing capacity
More and varied experiences make these items more familiar:

A

Encoded more completely, the connection is stronger

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31
Q

Processing capacity
When thinking is quicker,……

A

More thoughts can be processed in a shorter period of time

32
Q

Memory changes

A

Short term memory increases

use of strategies increases

Long term, memory gets larger

More neural connections and better organized as children know more about the world

Processing speed up and STM larger

Attention span

33
Q

The ability to_______ ___________ to enhance cognitive skills to manipulate _________ ___________ rapidly increases

A

Use language
Social situations

34
Q

Children’s choir as many as _____ words a day achieving a vocabulary of ____________ words by grade five

A

20
40,000

35
Q

Children will often deduce the meaning of the word through….

A

Knowledge of the context in which it’s used

36
Q

Children learn and understand words not always through….

A

Direct experiences (computers, reading, conversations, and television)

37
Q

The goal of reading is to…

A

Understand what is being said

38
Q

How many hard words should be in a “just write book”

A

4

39
Q

What power to schoolagers know whereas preschoolers can’t use yet

A

The power of language

40
Q

Code switching

A

Children learned to change the form of language in different situations

41
Q

Guidelines for school-age child educators

A

Provide a variety of reading material
Plan activities that expand vocabulary
Model

42
Q

What is the critical period of language

A

Critical time or sensitive. For acquiring language that begins at one or two years of age peaks in the later preschool years and continues to some degree until 13 to 15 years of age.

43
Q

By the age of _____ or ______ children have acquired and mastered most of the rules for speaking in their native language

A

6 or 7

44
Q

Two important rules or functions for learning language

A
  1. Pragmatics
  2. Grammar
45
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

Rules for communicating in a social context

More important then we think to how we communicate

46
Q

Grammer has more _______then rules

A

Exceptions

47
Q

Overregularization

A

As children apply a language rule to a word or phrase that doesn’t follow that rule

48
Q

Areas of learning to read (video)

A

Pre-reading skills
Noticing sounds
Learning letters
Blending sounds
Learning sight words
Word families
Decoding words
Reading comprehension

49
Q

What is phonemic Awareness

A

The ability to identify, think about, and manipulate the smallest sounds (phonemes) in language

50
Q

Phonics

A

A method for teaching phoneme-grapheme correspondences for reading and spelling

51
Q

Fluency

A

The ability to read a text accurately, automatically, and with expression

52
Q

Vocabulary

A

Understanding and using words in oral and written language

53
Q

Comprehensive

A

The goal of reading, understanding what is read

54
Q

Goal of reading

A

Comprehension

55
Q

5 components of reading

A

Phonemic Awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Vocabulary
Comprehension

56
Q

Phonics is

A

Decoding

57
Q

Whole word is

A

image processing

58
Q

3 parts to a learning trajectory

A

1st is the goal
2nd developmental progression
3rd how we as educators can support their learning and their environment

59
Q

Strength based approach is

A

Focussing of what children can do instead of what they can’t do so if they can do “this” what’s the next step

60
Q

Gain ____ inches and _____ pounds per year throughout school age years

A

2-3
8

61
Q

Age 9 female growth spurt, 11 years for boys:

A

When girls have increased in body fat & boys have a decrease

62
Q

School agers have a lower centre of gravity, but jk/sks

A

are still top-heavy so higher centre of gravity

63
Q

Gross motor development

A

Changes to body proportions
Can gallop before skipping
Can skip by 6

64
Q

Girls excel in agility and balance whereas boys excel at…

A

speed and distance/strength

65
Q

School agers use their ________ _______ to throw

A

Whole body

66
Q

Cognitive process that allows them to know when the skills are

A

Needed

67
Q

________ skills that allow them to be part of a team

A

Interpersonal

68
Q

Coordination of nervous system:…..

A

Cerebellum mediates between motor movements, sensory perception, and precise timing

69
Q

Prediction and judgment are still

A

faulty

70
Q

What are intermittent growth spurts

A

Growing pains

71
Q

dribbling a ball while running is an example of

A

Combining gross motor actions

72
Q

Fine motor pre/k

A

Increased finger, dexterity, strength, and control

Increased control of finger pressure

Using scissors for cutting curves and smaller pieces

73
Q

Fine motor school-age

A

Eye- hand, coordination and precision continues to improve

Riding become smaller

74
Q

Vision and hearing

A

Growth of Eustachian tube helps reduce incidence of ear infections

Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs in approximately 25% of school-age children

Myopia usually emerges between 8 and 12 years

Both hereditary and environment contribute to myopia

75
Q

Contributors to declining physical activity

A

Economics
concern over safety
technology
social media

76
Q

Physical activity benefits _____ areas of development

A

All
Physical, cognitive, social emotional

77
Q

What is rough-and-tumble play?

A

Vigourous play, and non-aggressive

Child Development 3 (2 decks)

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