MIDTERM Flashcards
What is dissociation
A process when a molecule dissociates into wo or more components
What is ionization
when the products of the dissociation are charged ions
What are positively charged ions aka
cations
What are negatively charged ions aka
Anions
What are electrolytes
compounds form charged ion in water and thereby enable water to conduct electricity
How are electrolytes classified
based on the degree of ionization in dilute solutions
What do strong electrolytes do in dilute solutions
dissociate completely
What do weak electrolytes do in dilute solutions
dissociate partially
What do non electrolytes do in water
do not ionize in water
What are examples of non electrolytes
ehanol, glycerol, glucose, surcose
How are acid-base properties explained
using dissociation or ionization properties of compounds
What is Bronsted-Lowry acid base theory
describes acid as a compound that donates a proton and a base as a compound that accepts a proton
What is Lewis acid base theory
bases donate a pair of electrons and acids accept a pair of electrons
How does bronsted-lowry acid base theory describe dissociation of weak acids and bases
Dissociation of weak acids and bases as occurring in conjugate acid base pairs
What is the autoionization of water
water has weak acid base properties and autoionizes
Is water an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte
nonelectrolyte which means it can’t conduct electricity
What is the dissociation of water
1 x 10^-7 M
What is a peptide
one or more amino acids linked by chemical bonds
What is peptide bond
the type of chemical bond that joins the amino acids together
What is a polypeptide
a series of linked amino acids
What is a protein
one or more polypetides
What causes the polypeptide to fold into a shape that is biologically active
The sequence of the amino acid chain
Where is the amino acid sequence of proteins encoded
genes
What are the building blocks of a cell and play a variety if roles in the cell
Protein
What are some of the roles protein play (4x)
- structural (cytoskeleton)
- mechanical (muscle)
- biochemical (enzyme)
- cell signaling (hormones)
Proteins may be serval peptides held together by what
- disulfide bonds
- hydrophobic interactions
- Van der Waals (dispersion) forces
How many levels of protein organization
4
What is primary protein structure
sequence of a chain of amino acid
What is secondary protein structure
occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds
What is tertiary protein structure
occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets
What is quaternary structure
is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain
What is hemoglobin
is the protein contained in red blood cells that is responsible for delivery of oxygen to the tissues
