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West Civ. > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Who is James Harvey Robinson?

A

James Harvey Robinson taught at Columbia University and was an influential figure in Western Civilization course.

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2
Q

When was James Harvey Robinson most influential?

A

From 1863-1936

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3
Q

Significance of James Harvey Robinson?

A

-Argued that history had a single direction (people began to look at the big picture)
-Wanted to broaden historical studies past politics (focus on ideas that outlasted empires)
-Wanted to teach prehistory and history
-JHR caused a decline in classic curriculum and more people began to agree with him that our historical curriculum was outdated.

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4
Q

What is Nea Nikomedia?

A

Established in 6000 BC, Nea Nicomedia was a city in what is now Turkey.

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5
Q

What is the significance of Nea Nicomedia?

A

-They proved that agriculture came into Europe through the middle East
-Had similar tools and Wattle and Duab (3 room) homes similar to square houses that exist in the middle east
-Showed that people in 6000 BC have some sort of belief or ritual because there was a shrine of a woman in the middle of a room.

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6
Q

What is Linear Pottery Culture?

A

-They were hand farmers in central Europe during 5700-5000 BC who looked for loess(soil made from glaciers)

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7
Q

What is the significance of linear pottery culture?

A

-They expanded very quickly and by 5000 BC they split into different cultures taking the knowledge with them
- Had unique pottery (with linear lines inside)
-polished ground stone axes
-long rectangular homes

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8
Q

What is the Tomb of Rekhmire?

A

1450 BC tomb built for the Egyptian Noble Rekhmire that was ordered to include wall paintings.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the tomb of Rekhmire?

A

The tomb was not significant, but the paintings showed foreigners traveling to Egypt (Greek people)

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10
Q

What was the Uluburun Wreck? and when was it found.

A

A very rich ship (possibly royal) that sank off of the coast of Southwestern Turkey around 1300 BC. It was found by archaeologist in 1982.

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11
Q

What was the significance of the Uluburun wreck?

A
  • Ship represented many different cultures and trade
    -Ship was so wealthy that it was believed a king put it together
  • Carried copper (Oxhide Ingots), one ton of tin, one ton of Terebinth rosin, 175 glass ingots, pottery from Cyprus, two dozen logs of Ebony from Africa, uncovered Ivory, and Gold/silver jewelry from a variety of cultures
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12
Q

What are oxhide ingots?

A

Copper that came from Cyprus that weighed about 60lbs each. They were found in the wreck in 1300 BC.

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13
Q

What is the significance of Oxhide Ingots?

A

They represented that there was standardized wights and measures in trade, telling us that trade was common and advanced.

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14
Q

Who was Ramses III?

A

He was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled Egypt from 1184-1153 BC

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15
Q

What is the significance of Ramses III?

A

He defeated the Sea People when they attacked Egypt in 1177 BC and had the temple Medinet Habu built for him

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16
Q

Who were the Sea People?

A

They were a diverse group of people who invaded Anatolia, Egypt, and Levant before and during the Late bronze Age (1200-900 BC).

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17
Q

What is the significance of the Sea People?

A

They destroyed a lot of cities and did so in a circular habit. They were seen as Barbarians.

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18
Q

What is Medinet Habu?

A

It was a temple made for Ramses III

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19
Q

What was the system collapse?

A

Around 1200 BC if something occurred in one part of the societies in East Med., it would occur in another area.

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20
Q

What was the significance of the system collapse?

A

-The societies were complex and they had a social hierarchy (people at bottom payed people at top)
- The Elite pop. began to grow and they started to demand more from people at bottom
-If there was a rebellion in the kingdom, no one would stay and fight

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21
Q

Who was Darius I?

A

Darius I was the king of Persia during the 5th century BC who attacked Greece in 490 BC and lost.

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22
Q

What is the significance of Dairus I?

A

The Greeks began to rebel against Darius I and he believed that as long as he had the independent city states, they could do it again. Proposed to invade Greece in 490BC and lost.

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23
Q

What is Salamis?

A

It was where the Athenians hid and drove the Persians out in 480 BC

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24
Q

What is the significance of Salamis?

A

Xerxes(son of Darius I) wanted to avenge his father and planned to attack the Athenians. The Athenians did not want anything to deal with it so they left and Xerxes and his army found a ghost city (they burned it)

25
Q

What is the Delian League?

A

In 478 BC it was an alliance between Greeks in case of future invasion

26
Q

What is the significance of the Delian League?

A

The Athenian League was established from the Delian League by which each member had to contribute ships, money, and boats. The headquarters began on the Island of Delios then it was moved to Athens.

27
Q

What is the Great Dionysia?

A

During the 5th and 4th century BC, it was a religious festival and the time of year that people can watch plays of their ancestors defeating foreigners to save Greece.

28
Q

What was the significance of the Great Dionysia?

A

Ambassadors from the Delian League would come, pay, and stay to watch these shows, and then would take the information they learned from the plays to their city states.

29
Q

What was the Peloponnesian War?

A

It was a war fought between Sparta and its allies and Athens and its allies in 431-404 BC

30
Q

What was the significance of the Peloponnesian War?

A

Athens was defeated and they were never as strong again

31
Q

What is Massali?

A

It was a village that sat at the mouth of a large river in 600 BC

32
Q

What is Hueneburg?

A

A hill with a fortified cellar, consists of 8 acres, and several farming villages in 600 BC.

33
Q

What is Vix?

A

It was a tomb from 480 BC found in Eastern Europe, buried in the woods

34
Q

What is the significance of Vix?

A

In the tomb the largest Krater (Greek mixing bowl) was found and was discovered to have been made is Magna Graecia (Greeks in southern Italy)

35
Q

What are Tribunes?

A

They were hand elected patrons of the plebians around 509-367 BC who created their own legislative assembly.

36
Q

What is the significance of the Tribunes?

A

They established a state within the state and gave the plebians more power because it was a threat to the Romans to leave but they were needed to fight wars.

37
Q

What is the concilium plebis?

A

It was the plebian council in 500 BC

38
Q

What is the Decemvirs?

A

From 451-449 BC the Decemvirs wrote laws in the Roman Republic

39
Q

The significance of the Decemvirs?

A

The Decemvirs wrote the Twelve Tables and gave way to a legal system that prevents arbitrary actions.

40
Q

What are the Twelve Tables?

A

451-450 BC
-Concrete laws made by the decemvirs

41
Q

What is the significance of the Twelve Tables?

A

It created a concrete legal system that is hard to change and not easy to manipulate.

42
Q

What is ager publicus?

A

It was land in Rome that could be rented out (very popular in the 5th century)

43
Q

What is the significance of ager publicus?

A

-The 5th century was a time for land, which rich Romans would take advantage of it making it hard for plebians to get land
-The Romans would auction land during the failure of the Roman Republic into ager publicus

44
Q

What is Licinio-Sextian Laws?

A

They were a series of laws passed in 367 BC by the tribunes of the plebians

45
Q

What is the significance of Licinio-Sextian Laws?

A

-It limited the amount of land that rich romans (anybody) could get from ager publicus to 300 acres
-Allowed for more land for plebians
-Allowed for people to pay back a loan from the capital in installments
-Required that each year one of the consuls was plebian.

46
Q

Who are the sufetes?

A

They were members of the Carthaginian republic in 6th century BC. Two were elected every year and had the power to call upon the Adirim.

47
Q

What is the significance of the sufetes?

A

They were the most powerful office in the government after the monarchy turned into a republic

48
Q

Who is the adirim?

A

They acted as the live senate in the Carthaginian republic in 6th century BC. They were very powerful.

49
Q

What is a tophet?

A

It is a place where child sacrifices would occur during desperate times

50
Q

What is the significance of a tophet?

A

-Archaeologist found a Tophet at Carthage from 8th-3rd century BC.
-Believed it was used for stillborn children, but older children were found

51
Q

What is Melqart?

A

It is a Phoenician God who was the protector of colonies.

52
Q

What is the significance of Melqart?

A

During the 9th-2nd century BC the Carthaginians worshipped Greek God’s and believed that Hercules was Melqart because it was believed that he founded colonies in the Western mediterranean.

53
Q

Who was Hanno?

A

He was a navigator in the late 6th/early 5th century BC who led exhibitions to est. Carthaginian colonies on the coast of Morocco and down the coast of Africa.

54
Q

What is the significance of Hanno?

A

It was believed that he heard native tribes and volcanic eruption. When the natives attacked the sailors, two native woman died and when they asked Hanno who attacked them he said Gorillas.

55
Q

What was the Battle of Himera?

A

480 BC battle fought between Gelon who led the Greek forces and Terillus who paired with Hamilcar a Carthaginian to win his city back. Gelon won

56
Q

What is the publicani?

A

During the fall of the Roman Republic in the 2nd-1st century BC. they were societies that collected taxes.

57
Q

What is the significance of the publicani?

A

-They auctioned off the right to tax
-Collected more than what they bid for
-They were very rich and became major bankers of Rome

58
Q

What is Latifundia?

A

In 2nd-1st century BC. it was lots of land ran by slaves to feed the city of Rome.

59
Q

What is the significance of Latifundia?

A

-The rich were getting richer
-Put pressure on small farmers in Italy because they couldn’t compete
-More food from population increase led to more profit form owners of latifundia

West Civ. (1 decks)

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