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Intro to Journalism > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ROLE of the press?

A

spread of knowledge

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2
Q

main ethics of journalism?

A
  1. being objective
  2. being factual
  3. being as complete as possible
  4. concealment only when necessary
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3
Q

what IS journalism?

A

objective recreation of reality within context

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4
Q

show trial

A

false trial

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5
Q

fourth estate

A

acts as a check on branches of government

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6
Q

how does media become LESS objective? and factors that cause it

A

a higher frequency of publication causes less objectivity
Factors:
1. filter function (how many ppl see it
2. time

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7
Q

on record

A

officially measured/noted

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8
Q

off record

A

not an official statement

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9
Q

how do you check sources?

A

-call
-internet search
-go with another person (partner)

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10
Q

Law of Identity

A

real is real. what is not is not. reality exists dependent of own perception

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11
Q

sensationalism

A

use of exciting/shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest

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12
Q

fundamentality of journalism

A

the lede which is the “essence” of the story

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13
Q

what does a lede include

A

essential facts
5 w’s (who, what, where, when, why)

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14
Q

epistemology

A

theory/study of limits of knowledge

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15
Q

aesthetics

A

what can be communicated from from person to another

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16
Q

metaphysics

A

accepting what is reality
-subset of law of identity

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17
Q

immediate ID

A

public figure

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17
Q

how do you reference immediate ID

A

by name

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18
Q

delayed ID

A

not a public figure (private)

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19
Q

how do you reference delayed ID

A

usually by occupation

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20
Q

lede

A

intro to news story that is supposed to entice readers to click

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21
Q

how to write a lede

A

who: immediate vs delayed ID
what: summary vs multiple elements

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22
Q

how many words is a lede

A

30

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23
Q

context

A

adds significance, builds on lede
one sentence

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24
Q

details

A

1 idea per paragraph: quotes, sources, data etc.

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25
Q

inverted pyramid

A

placing the most fundamental information in the lead paragraph of the story, and then arranging the remaining details, from most important to least important

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26
Q

first amendment

A

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

27
Q

3 Revolutions in Communications

A
  1. Transition to scribal history
  2. Printing Press
  3. Morse Code
28
Q

Who started scribal history

A

Plato, he wanted a linear way of thinking

29
Q

Who created to printing press

A

Johannes Gutenberg

30
Q

Who said “kill the poets”

A

Plato

31
Q

Impact of printing press

A

Gave normal people the upper hand over gonvernment

32
Q

What period in history did the printing press push forward?

A

Renaissance

33
Q

Who created morse code?

A

Samuel Morse

34
Q

What period in history did Samuel Morse push forward

A

Electronic Age

35
Q

Who said “the medium is the message?

A

Marshall McLuhan

36
Q

“The medium is the message” meaning

A

The medium influences how the message is received

37
Q

1st published newspaper?

A

Publick Occurrences

38
Q

Significance of Publick Occurrences

A

1st victim of censorship

39
Q

Who published Publick Occurrences?

A

Benjamin Harris

40
Q

What was the first true newspaper

A

The New England Courant

41
Q

Who took over The New England Courant

A

Ben Franklin

42
Q

Who were the Franklin Boys?

A

Ben Franklin sent the to write stories

43
Q

Who was John Peter Zenger

A

Put on trial for seditious libel but he just printed the paper

44
Q

outcomes of zenger trial

A
  1. truth established as legal defense for libel
  2. jury took it upon itself to interpret the law for the first time
45
Q

What was John Peter Zenger put on trial for

A

Seditious libel

46
Q

What is seditious libel

A

criminal defense when one rebels against the government

47
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson say?

A

“Were it up to me to have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate to choose the latter”

48
Q

Significance of Jefferson’s Government Newspaper speech

A

He basically said that newspaper act as a check on governments which helps them do better

49
Q

what is it called between on and off record?

A

not for atribution

50
Q

what does journalism reflect

A

values of society

51
Q

what is libel

A

defamation of character (slander)

52
Q

what is defamation of character

A

false statement of fact that causes the victim some type of harm.

53
Q

defenses against libel

A

1.truth
2.qualified privilege
3.fair comment defense
4.public vs private distinctions

54
Q

what is qualified privilege?

A

the act of being objective and reporting fairly. being impartial

55
Q

what is fair comment defense

A

opining is considered protected speech (movie, book critics etc.) as long as it’s wo malice

56
Q

Result of Milkovich vs Loraine Journal case?

A

even states of opinion might constitute libel if sufficiently or factually proved to be true or false

57
Q

result of Time vs Sullivan

A

paper has to print false/malicious material deliberately to constitute libel

58
Q

AP vs Walker

A

court extends Actual Malice test to public figures

59
Q

What did the Saturday Evening Post do

A

Say that the frequency of publication affects libel

60
Q

Gross Negligence Test

A

(NY)must act in gross manner for libel

61
Q

Significance of Gertz vs Welch

A

created difference between public vs private distinctions

62
Q

public vs private distinctions

A

A person who does not thrust themselves into the spotlight by promo etc is considered a private individual

63
Q

Why did Richard Jewell not win case against libel

A

Promotion and circumstance. he did interviews and was in the spotlight so he was considered a public figure

64
Q

difference between burglary and larceny

A

burglary: unlawful breaking in with intent to commit crime
larceny: actually stealing something

Intro to Journalism (2 decks)

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