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UE Kinesiology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Define open kinematic chain

A

Distal part of extremity is moving through space (e.g. bicep curl)

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2
Q

Define eccentric contraction

A

Muscle contraction in which the muscle lengthens as its joint moves through its ROM; muscle controls the descent of a weight or resistance against gravity; bones move away from each other as contraction occurs (e.g. setting down a glass of water)

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3
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

when a multijoint muscle is lengthened over the joints it crosses, it is too long to allow for its full ROM and its contraction ability is compromised; e.g. when the wrist is flexed, the fingers extend; when the wrist is passively extended, fingers are pulled into flexion

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4
Q

Shunt muscle

A

allows for stability; a muscle’s proximal attachment is near the joint, distal attachment further from the joint (e.g. gastrocnemius a SHUNT muscle at the knee)

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5
Q

Spurt muscle

A

designed for mobility at a joint (rotary component); typically has its origin further away from joint surface, while distal attachment is very close to the
joint that its acting at (or performing its movement); example: gastrocnemius a SPURT at the ankle

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6
Q

Type I muscle fiber type: red or white?

A

Red: presence of myoglobin for beta oxygenation

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7
Q

Type I muscle fiber: produces high or low tension? Contraction speed slow or fast?

A

Low tension, slow contraction speed

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8
Q

Type I fiber type: fatigues easily or not?

A

Type I muscle fibers are fatigue resistant

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9
Q

Type I muscle fibers: fiber diameter?

A

Small fiber diameter

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10
Q

Example of a muscle with a large presence of Type I “Slow Oxidative” muscle fibers?

A

Soleus

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11
Q

Which muscle fiber type relies on glycogen for its metabolic needs?

A

Type IIB (“fast glycolytic”)

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12
Q

Type IIB muscle fibers: red or white?

A

White (low myoglobin)

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13
Q

Type IIB muscle fibers: contraction speed, fatigue rate

A

Fast contraction speed, fatigues quickly

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14
Q

Type IIA fibers: what are its energy sources?

A

Relies on both oxygen and glycogen, has adequate myoglobin for some beta oxidation, but still contracts quickly. Fatigues at an intermediate rate compared to Type IIB and Type I fibers (best of both worlds)

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15
Q

What type of connective tissue is injured in a sprain?

A

Ligament

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16
Q

What type of tissue is injured in a strain?

A

Tendon

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17
Q

Describe the rotary and translatory motion in a joint when a concave surface moves on a convex surface

A

Rotary and translatory motions occur in the same direction

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18
Q

Describe the rotary and translatory motion in a joint when a convex surface moves on a concave surface

A

Rotary and translatory motion occurs in opposite directions

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19
Q

Give an example of a triaxial joint

A

Glenohumeral joint: can do flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation

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20
Q

Give an example of a biaxial joint

A

MCPs: can do flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

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21
Q

Uniaxial joint: give an example

A

elbow: hinge, only does flexion and extension

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22
Q

what is a complex joint?

A

a simple or compound joint that contains a disc or a meniscus (TMJ, knee)

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23
Q

what is a compound joint?

A

joint with more than 2 bones involved (e.g. elbow, wrist

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24
Q

simple joint

A

only 2 bones involved; e.g. glenohumeral (also complex!), MCPs

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25
Q

Diarthrodial joint

A

freely moveable, synovial joint

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26
Q

Amphiarthrodial joint

A

Small amount of joint play, e.g. pubic symphysis, sternocostal

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27
Q

Motion along the x-axis occurs on which plane?

A

sagittal

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28
Q

AC joint motions

A

Internal (medial)/external (lateral) rotation; A/P tipping (tilting); upward/downward rotation

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29
Q

AC joint upward/downward rotation: what is the reference point on the scapula? What plane/axis?

A

Glenoid fossa: tilts up during upward rotation, down on downward rotation; motion limited by coracoclavicular ligaments; Occurs along z axis, frontal plane

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30
Q

AC A/P tipping: function; occurs during what motion of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

AC anterior/posterior tipping: of the scapula in relation to the clavicle; keeps the scapula contoured to the thorax; occurs during scapular elevation (anterior tipping) and depression (posterior tipping)

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31
Q

AC joint medial/lateral rotation: which axis? What does this motion do in the glenoid fossa and along the thorax? What occurs in relation to the clavicle?

A

Y-axis; transverse plane; brings glenoid fossa anteromedially, posterolaterally; maintains contact of scapula with horizontal curvature of thorax as clavicle protracts and retracts

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32
Q

Motion along the Z-axis occurs on which plane?

A

Frontal plane

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33
Q

Motion along the Y-axis occurs on which plane?

A

Transverse plane

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34
Q

Define/describe active insufficiency

A

Occurs when full ROM is attempted simultaneously at all joints crossed by a multijoint muscle, producing a decrease in torque available; muscle is shortened the joints it crosses (e.g. wrist flexed, fingers less able to make a strong fist)

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35
Q

Rotary motion

A

Direction of whole bone/segment

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36
Q

Translatory motion

A

Motion directly at joint surface

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37
Q

2 types of cartilage commonly found in joints

A

Fibrocartilage (discs, symphyses); hyaline (covering humeral head, etc)

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38
Q

Role of retinaculum

A

Binds down tendons

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39
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact, outer layer; dense, stores and releases Ca2+

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40
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone/trabecular; site of hematopoiesis, contains red bone marrow

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41
Q

Trabelculae

A

Calcified collagen, main component of cancellous bone

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42
Q

osteoblasts

A

Build up bone

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43
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bone

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44
Q

epimysium

A

Connective tissue that covers an entire muscle, continuous with deep fascia

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45
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds individual muscle fibers

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46
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds fascicles

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47
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

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48
Q

Fusiform muscle

A

Long fibers running parallel to the line of pull and parallel to the long axis of the muscle; aka longitudinal muscle; e.g. sartorius, rectus abdominus

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49
Q

Pennate muscle fibers

A

Run obliquely to longitudinal axis of muscle

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50
Q

Fusiform vs. pennate muscles: which fiber arrangement allows for more muscle fibers? What does this mean for tension production?

A

Pennate muscles contain more fibers, can therefore produce greater tension

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51
Q

which muscle fiber arrangement is better for joint excursion/ROM?

A

Longitudinal/fusiform muscle fibers

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52
Q

Define torque

A

Torque= force x distance

-tendency of a force to create rotation or motion around an axis

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53
Q

Center of mass (COM)

A

balance point around which the effects of gravity are concentrated

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54
Q

Class I lever, example

A

Seesaw; axis is between the internal force and the external force. Example: AO joint

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55
Q

Class II lever, example

A

Wheel barrow; axis, external load, internal force; example: MTP joint, standing up on tip toes. Least common lever type in the body

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56
Q

Class III lever, example

A

Bicep curl; axis, internal force, external load; very common in the body

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57
Q

External torque definition

A

Text= (Weight of limb X COM) + (Weight of external load X Distance of load from axis)

Text = (R X ra) + (W X Wa)

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58
Q

Internal torque definition

A

Tint=Rotary force X Distance of insertion from axis
Tint= Fr X fa
Tint=Text

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59
Q

Name 4 joints of the shoulder girdle

A

Scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

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60
Q

Motions of the scapulothoracic joint plus reference point:

A

abduction/adduction (protraction/retraction), elevation/depression, upward/downward rotation (glenoid fossa reference)

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61
Q

Motions of the SC joint (use clavicle as reference)

A

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, A/P rotation of the clavicle

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62
Q

What type of joint is the SC joint?

A

Saddle shaped, plane synovial joint; complex (contains a disk), triaxial

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63
Q

SC joint: elevation/depression of clavicle. what axis/plane?

A

Z axis, frontal plane

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64
Q

SC/clavicular elevation and depression: normal ROM?

A

~45 deg. elevation; ~15 deg. depression

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65
Q

SC j. clavicular elevation/depression: clavicle and manubrium surface convex or concave?

A

Clavicle surface convex, moves on concave manubrium

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66
Q

SC j. protraction/retraction: plane and axis?

A

y axis; transverse plane

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67
Q

SC j. protraction/retraction: joint surface concave/convex?

A

Clavicle concave, manubrium convex (opposite of elevation/depression–SADDLE joint)

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68
Q

SC protraction/retraction ROM:

A

~15-20 deg. protraction; ~20-30 deg retraction

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69
Q

SC Anterior/Posterior rotation: axis/plane?

A

x axis, sagittal plane

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70
Q

SC A/P rotation: ROM

A

Posterior rotation (aka upward rotation, backward rotation): up to 50 deg; Anterior rotation: >10 deg (return to neutral from posterior rotation)

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71
Q

Ligaments supporting the SC joint:

A

Interclavicular, anterior sternoclavicular, costoclavicular ligs (A/P); ***also subclavian muslce provides stability

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72
Q

What ligaments stabilize the AC joint?

A

Superior/inferior AC ligament; Coracoclavicular ligament (includes conoid and trapezoid)

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73
Q

Raising the arm produces passive tension on which AC ligament?

A

Conoid

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74
Q

Upward/downward rotation of the scapula: which shoulder joint(s) involved?

A

SC joint (clavicular elevation/dep, upward/downward rotation), AC joint upward/downward rotation, up/down rotation of the scapulothoracic

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75
Q

Elevation/depression of scapula: which joint(s) involved?

A

SC joint elev/dep, AC joint A/P tipping, AC joint rotation

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76
Q

Protraction/retraction of scapula: joint(s) involved?

A

scapulothoracic abd/add, SC joint protraction/retraction, AC joint rotation (med/lat)

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77
Q

Glenohumeral joint: type of joint

A

Triaxial, ball and socket synovial, complex (simple) joint

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78
Q

Normal ROM glenohumeral flexion/extension

A

~180 deg flex, ~40-60 deg extension (sagittal plane x axis)

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79
Q

Motions of the GH joint

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, int/ext rotation, horizontal abd/add

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80
Q

Ligaments supporting the GH joint

A

sup, middle, inf GH ligaments, coracohumeral lig, plus supraspinatus tendon

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81
Q

GH horizontal abd/add: normal ROM

A

Horizontal abd ~45 deg; add ~130 deg

82
Q

in full abduction at the shoulder, how much ROM is attributed to the GH joint, how much to other shoulder girdle (i.e. scapular) joints?

A

120 degree GH, 60 degrees scapular

83
Q

in the first 90 degrees of abduction at the shoulder, how many degrees are done by the GH joint, how much is done by the SC joint, how much by AC j?

A

60 degrees GH joint, 25 degrees by SC joint, 5 degrees AC joint

84
Q

from 90-180 of abduction at the shoulder, what is the distribution of ROM for GH j, SC and AC jj?

A

60 degrees GH, 25 degrees AC, 5 degrees SC

85
Q

Arm abduction/elevation: accessory motions

A

scapular abduction, upward rotation, medial rotation (winging), posterior tipping IS THIS RIGHT???

86
Q

What structures make up the coracoacromial arch?

A

Coracoid process, acromion, coracoacromial ligament, arches over humeral head; contains subacromial bursa, supraspinatus-leads to RC tendons, can be impinged, worn down

87
Q

How to test upper traps

A

Shoulder shrug against resistance

88
Q

Overall function of traps for shoulder girdle

A

Holds up shoulder girdle against gravity, assists in some scapular movements (upward rotation)

89
Q

Testing the middle traps

A

squeeze shoulder blades together

90
Q

Testing lower traps

A

Abduct arm 140 degrees, extend shoulder

91
Q

What muscles are involved in the synergy that allows scapular upward rotation?

A

Upper traps (lifts acromion+clavicle), lower traps (lowers root of scapular spine), serratus anterior (protracts scapula along thorax wall)

92
Q

testing the rhomboids

A

place hand behind back, retract shoulder blade (adduct)

93
Q

rhomboids-action

A

adducts, downward rotation of scap

94
Q

levator scapula-action

A

elevation, downward rotation

95
Q

pec minor-action at scapula

A

depression, downward rotation

96
Q

coracobrachialis-actions

A

flexion, adduction

97
Q

supraspinatus-actions

A

primary abductor, stabilizes GH, steers hum head in fl fossa as arm raises (convex on concave)

98
Q

which part of the deltoid does external rotation?

A

posterior delt

99
Q

Infraspinatus actions

A

Good external rotator of arm, pulls humeral head down during arm elevation

100
Q

In full arm abduction, which direction of humeral rotation is important for full ROM?

A

External rotation rotates greater tuberosity out of the way to clear the acromial shelf

101
Q

Teres minor: actions

A

external rotation, some adduction/abduction

102
Q

Rotator cuff external rotators:

A

infraspinatus, teres minor, plus posterior delt

103
Q

Rotator cuff internal rotators:

A

subscapularis plus anterior delt plus teres major plus lats

104
Q

Lats-actions

A

adduction, internal rotation, extension, scapular depression and downward rotation

105
Q

pec major-actions

A

internal rotation (biciptal groove attachment), weak flexor (clavicular head), horizontal adduction, scapular depression (sternal head), protraction (both heads, but steral moreso)

106
Q

Synergy: levator scapula, rhomboids, pec minor

A

Create scapular downward rotation
levator scap: pulls root of scap spine upward
rhomboids: pull medial border of scapula upward, tilting GH joint down
pec minor: pulls coracoid down, which is lateral to axis, supports downward rotation

107
Q

Which synergy assists in the translatory motion of the humeral head in the GH joint during arm abduction?

A

Deltoids+rotator cuff

108
Q

Which muscles act synergistically to prevent the shoulder from being pulled DOWN during abduction and flexion (

A

Delts+upper traps

109
Q

Rhomboid + teres major synergy

A

for teres major to act as an extensor and adductor of the distal humeral attachment, the proximal attachment at the scapula must be stabilized because it is lighter than the distal attachment; the rhomboids (downward scap rotators) thus fix the scapula (prevent it from rotating upward) as the teres major contracts in order to move the heavier humerus

110
Q

elbow-joint type, movements

A

uniaxial, hinge, flexion/extension

111
Q

elbow ROM

A

flexion ~140-150 deg; neutral 0 deg; hyperextension possible

112
Q

Trochlear ridge of ulna articulates with the ______________ of the humerus

A

trochlear groove

113
Q

the coronoid process of the ulna articulates with the ___________________ at the limit of elbow flexion

A

coronoid fossa

114
Q

During elbow flexion, the head of the radius fits into the ________________, which is designed to receive the head of the radius during elbow flexion. This groove is just proximal to the capitulum.

A

radial fossa

115
Q

What bony structure fits into the capitulotrochlear groove?

A

The rim of the radial head!

116
Q

During elbow flexion, the radius gets (closer/further) away to the humerus

A

It gets closer: it slides around capitulum and articulates with the radial fossa

117
Q

During full elbow extension, what does the olecranon process articulate with on the humerus?

A

Olecranon fossa

118
Q

Medial (ulnar)collateral ligament resists what type of forces?

A

Valgus forces (medially directed)

119
Q

The lateral collateral ligament resists what type of forces?

A

Varus forces (laterally directed)

120
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the proximal radial ulnar joint?

A

Radial head-radial notch (ulna)

121
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar head-sigmoid ulnar notch (radius)

122
Q

During pronation/supination of the arm, which bone moves? Which bone doesn’t?

A

Radius moves over the ulna, crossing over it during pronation. Ulna moves very little.

123
Q

What bony structures in the elbow joint limit extreme flexion of the elbow?

A

approximation of the coronoid process with coronoid fossa; rim of radial head in radial fossa

124
Q

Brachialis: shunt or spurt? Why?

A

Spurt: distal attachment lies close to the elbow joint (inserts on the ulna); proximal attachment lies further away, at mid humerus

125
Q

Biceps brachii flex and __________ the arm

A

Supinate: distally attach at the radial tuberosity, can supinate and flex the arm.

126
Q

Position of active insuffiency for biceps brachii?

A

Shoulder flexed, elbow flexed

127
Q

Brachioradialis: shunt or spurt at the elbow?

A

Shunt muscle (stabilizing elbow joint): proximal attachment is close to the elbow joint (lateral supracondylar ridge), distal attachment all the way down at the radial styloid process.

128
Q

Triceps passive insufficiency position:

A

Shoulder extended, elbow flexed (same as biceps brachii active insufficiency)

129
Q

Which ligament encircles the rim of the radial head and stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Annular ligament

130
Q

What is the primary pronator of the arm?

A

Pronator quadratus

131
Q

How can the supinator be tested?

A

Fully extend the arm to inhibit the biceps from assisting in supination

132
Q

Which action is stronger: pronation or supination of the arm?

A

Supination! Assistance from biceps

133
Q

What muscle synergy helps prevent shoulder flexion during elbow flexion?

A

Posterior deltoid is active during elbow flexion to prevent shoulder flexion

134
Q

Role of triceps in a pushup: when do they act concentrically, when do they act eccentrically?

A

Upon descent during a pushup, triceps act eccentrically to control elbow flexion; during the push UP, triceps act concentrically to extend the elbow

135
Q

Stabilizing synergy: when biceps are acting as a supinator, what other muscles prevent flexion of the elbow?

A

Triceps

136
Q

Anconeus: assists in elbow extension and stabilizes during what movements?

A

Pronation and supination

137
Q

Wrist joint characteristics

A

Complex, compound; biaxial

138
Q

2 components of the wrist joing

A

radiocarpal, midcarpal

139
Q

Does the wrist joint have greater radial deviation or ulnar deviation capabilities?

A

Ulnar deviation ~30-35 deg (rad. dev up to 25 deg)

140
Q

Does the wrist have greater flexion or extension?

A

Flexion ~80-90 degrees (extension ~70-80 degrees)

141
Q

Which part of the wrist joint brings wrist from full flexion to neutral?

A

Midcarpal

142
Q

What part of the wrist joint brings wrist from neutral to ~45 degrees of extension?

A

Distal carpal + scaphoid

143
Q

Which component of the wrist joint brings the wrist from 45 degrees of extension to full extension?

A

Radiocarpal

144
Q

What structures make up the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius, radial ulnar disc, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, NOT ULNA

145
Q

What structures make up the midcarpal joint?

A

proximal row of carpals-scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum; articulate with the distal row-trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

146
Q

In the sagittal plane, what does the scaphoid do during radial deviation?

A

flexion

147
Q

In the sagittal plane, what does the scaphoid do during ulnar deviation?

A

extension

148
Q

In the frontal plane, what do the proximal and distal carpal rows do during ulnar deviation?

A

During ulnar deviation, the proximal row of carpal bones move radially, but the distal row moves ulnarly.

149
Q

In the frontal plane, describe the movement of the proximal and distal row of carpals during radial deviation

A

During radial deviation, the proximal carpals move ulnarly and the distal row moves radially

150
Q

What are the primary wrist flexors?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

151
Q

T/F: Flexor digitorum superficialis crosses the elbow joint and runs to the middle phalanges of 4 digits (no thumb)

A

TRUE! The humeral head originates at the medial epicondyle/common flexor origin). The radial head starts at the radius.

152
Q

T/F The tendon of the flexor carpi radialis can be felt just laterally to the radial pulse.

A

False! The FCR tendon attaches to the base of the 2nd metacarpal, so it is palpable just medial (ulnarly) to the radial pulse.

153
Q

FCR flexes and _______ ________ the wrist.

A

radially deviates

154
Q

What are the actions of the FCU?

A

Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation (distally attaches to the pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th cetacarpal)

155
Q

How can the flexor pollicus longus be palpated?

A

Flex thumb DIP against resistance, tendon palpable

156
Q

What motions can occur with FPL activity?

A

Wrist flexion, radial deviation

157
Q

Which muscle makes up the “basement” of the snuff box?

A

Abductor pollicus longus

158
Q

What tendon comprises the “roof” of the snuff box?

A

Extensor pollicus longus

159
Q

Which muscle makes up the “floor” of the snuff box?

A

Extensor pollicus brevis

160
Q

What are the primary wrist extensors?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus (also radial deviator), extensor carpi radialis brevis (weak rad. dev), extensor carpi ulnaris (also ulnar deviator)

161
Q

T/F: the extensor carpi radialis longus crosses 2 joints.

A

TRUE! Crosses elbow and wrist (lateral supracondylar ridge to base of 2nd metacarpal)

162
Q

T/F: the extensor carpi ulnaris crosses 2 joints

A

TRUE! Lateral epicondyle of humerus->posterior border of ulna->dorsal aspect of 5th metacarpal

163
Q

What is the role of the wrist extensors with respect to finger flexion/wrist flexion?

A

The wrist extensors prevent wrist flexion during finger flexion; stabilize wrist for finger dexterity

164
Q

What stabilizing synergy prevents excessive radial deviation during thumb muscle activation?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris (the primary ulnar deviators!) stabilize and prevent radial deviation

165
Q

T/F: all of the muscles that make up the snuff box are considered to be primary radial deviators

A

TRUE

166
Q

What muscles contribute to “cupping” the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?

A

FCU, FCR, FDP, FDS

167
Q

What muscles contribute to “uncupping” at the carpometacarpal joint?

A

ECU, ECRL, ECRB, ED

168
Q

Define carpometacarpal joint

A

Distal row of carpal bones articulating with the metacarpals

169
Q

The 1st metacarpal articulates with which carpal bone?

A

trapezium

170
Q

The trapezoid articulates with which metacarpal?

A

2nd

171
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the 3rd metacarpal?

A

capitate

172
Q

The hamate articulates with which metacarpal(s)?

A

4th and 5th

173
Q

Which CMC joint is the most mobile?

A

1st metacarpal/trapezium

174
Q

Which CMC is the second most mobile?

A

4th/5th metacarpals/hamate

175
Q

What type of joints are the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeals?

A

condyloid! biaxial!

176
Q

What type of joint is the 1st MCP?

A

Hinge, uniaxial (flexion/extension)

177
Q

In the thumb, at what joint does abduction and adduction occur?

A

Carpometacarpal joint, NOT MCP!

178
Q

In MCP joints, is the phalanx concave or convex? Is the metacarpal concave or convex? Describe the arthrokinematics of this joint relationship

A

Metacarpal head CONVEX; phalanx CONCAVE; rotary and translatory motions occur in the same direction

179
Q

In finger abd/adduction, what is the point of reference?

A

3rd digit

180
Q

How do you describe the abduction/adduction of the 3rd digit?

A

Radial abduction/ulnar abduction

181
Q

Why is it nearly impossible to abd/add the fingers during MCP flexion?

A

the joint is in its close packed position, no room for abduction

182
Q

Does the 2nd or 4th MCP exhibit greater flexion?

A

The 4th: ulnar side of the MCPs have more flexion than the radial side

183
Q

PIP/DIP joint type

A

Hinge, uniaxial

184
Q

PIP ROM:

A

~100-130 degrees flexion (digits 2+3 have less than 3+4)

185
Q

DIP ROM

A

flexion ~80-90 degrees, can hyperextend ~10 degrees

186
Q

Thumb IP ROM

A

~80 degrees flexion, 10 degrees extension

187
Q

What is the route of the lumbricals?

A

Cross MCP jj. palmarly, pass obliquely to lateral side of extensor hood on proximal phalanges 2-5; allows MCP flexion, IP extension

188
Q

Which intrinsic hand muscles abduct the fingers?

A

Dorsal interossei

189
Q

Which intrinsic hand muscles adduct the fingers?

A

Palmar interossei

190
Q

T/F: Extensor digitorum can extend both the wrist and the fingers without the help of the intrinsic hand muscles

A

FALSE! Extensor digitorum can only extend primarily the proximal phalanges. The intrinsics (lumbricals and dorsal interossei) complete the extension of the DIP

191
Q

What movements are possible at the 1st CMC joint (thumb)?

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, axial rotation toward/away from palm

192
Q

Define power grip

A

A forceful act resulting in flexion at all finger joints; thumb may act as a stabilizer to the object and the object is generally fixed against the palm.

193
Q

Types of power grip:

A

Cylindrical grip (glass of water), spherical grip (ball), hook grip (holding a suitcase handle), lateral prehension (holding an index card between fingers)

194
Q

Define precision handling

A

Palm generally not used; skillful placement of an object between the fingers or between the thumb and finger.

195
Q

Types of precision handling

A

pad-to-pad (using tweezers), tip-to-tip (some styles of writing), pad-to-side (using a key)

196
Q

MCP 2-5 heads are concave/convex?

A

Convex

197
Q

Cylindrical grasp: what muscles are probably most active?

A

FDS, FDP (finger flexion); thumb abductors plus adductor pollicis to stabilize thumb

198
Q

What muscles would be most active in a spherical grasp?

A

FDS, FDP; extrinsic thumb flexors (FPL, APL), interossei (both the abductors and adductors)

199
Q

Hook grasp: what muscles most active?

A

no thumb, mostly FDS, FDP

200
Q

What is a “jaw chuck” grasp?

A

A style of pad-to-pad precision grasp; ex)Holding a pencil: using thumb, pressing object against 1 or 2 other digits.

201
Q

Muscles active in jaw chuck grasp?

A

Intrinsic thenar and hypothenars: OPB, FPB, AbdPB, lumbricals, interossei

UE Kinesiology (1 decks)

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