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OPP 4 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What grade WHIPLASH

No Physical Signs

A

GRADE 1

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2
Q

What grade WHIPLASH

Musculoskeletal signs

A

Grade 2

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3
Q

What grade WHIPLASH

Neurological Signs

A

Grade 3

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4
Q

What grade WHIPLASH

Fracture or dislocation

NOT WHIPLASH

A

Grade 4

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5
Q

What STAGE of Whiplash?

Flexion of C-spine

A

Stage 1

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6
Q

What STAGE of Whiplash?

S-Shaped C Spine

A

Stage 2

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7
Q

What STAGE of Whiplash?

Hyperextension

A

Stage 3

Stage 4 = HyperFLEXION

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8
Q

What would you expect to find on an X-Ray/CT scan for a patient with WHIPLASH?

A

LOSS OF LORDOSIS “military neck”

Prevertebral edema
Swelling of alar and transverse ligaments

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9
Q

What are NERVE results of whiplash injury?

A

Occipital headaches, blurred vision, diminished reflexes, paresthesias, proprioception issues

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10
Q

ACUTE Stage Treatment for Whiplash Injury

moderate-severe ROM limitation, warm “boggy” tissue, echymosis

A

Ice
Rest
Cervical Collar
NSAIDS
**AVOID DIRECT TECHNIQUES **

INDIRECT, lymphaic

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11
Q

When do you perform HVLA when treating someone with CHRONIC stage WHIPLASH injury?

A

NO HVLA (1 week to 1 month)

HVLA can be done when >1 month

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12
Q

Which cervical disc RESISTS COMPRESSION and which RESISTS TENSILE LOADS?

A

NUCLEUS PULPOSIS = RESISTS COMPRESSION

ANNULUS FIBROSIS = RESISTS TENSILE LOADS

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13
Q

Which cervical spine muscle is responsible for:
SB same side
Rotate opposite side
Bilateral Contraction flexes neck

A

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)

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14
Q

Which cervical spine muscle is responsible for:
SB same side
bilateral contraction FLEXES neck

A

SCALENES

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15
Q

Which cervical spine muscle is responsible for:
SB Same side
Bilateral contraction EXTENDS neck

A

TRAPEZIUS

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16
Q

Which cervical spine muscle is responsible for:
Rotate same side

A

SPLENIUS

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17
Q

Which cervical spine muscle is responsible for:
NECK EXTENSION

A

Semispinalis

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18
Q

Usual presentation for congenital muscuklar torticollis?

Tx = physical therapy and stretching excercises

A

Lateral Neck Flexion (same side)
Neck Rotation (opposite side)

is sustained –> plagiocephaly = flattening on side of curvature

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19
Q

Ocular Torticollis is usually due to ..

A

CN 4 (trochlear) or CN 6 (abducens) palsy
Present around 9 mo – child tilts head toward unaffected side of muscle/nerve dysfunction

Common presentation = child unable to see after getting up

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20
Q

Juvenile RA –>

A

AA subluxation

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21
Q

What type of TORTICOLLIS is resistant to all treatments?

A

Neurologic Torticollis

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22
Q

involuntary contraction of cervical muscles – twisting and reptitive head movements and postures

A

Spasmodic Torticollis

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23
Q

HALLMARK of Acute Torticollis

sudden onset – usually in morning with no hx of trauma

A

Acute Side-bending

TX = Botox A – temp. inhibits overactive neck muscles

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24
Q

Which type of torticollis is usually a symptom of an underlying medical condition or injury?

A

Acquired Torticollis

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25
Q

Which type of torticollis is characterized by involuntary twisting movements of the neck?

A

Cervical Dystonia

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26
Q

unilateral throbbing headache with assoc. nausea and visual changes =

A

MIGRANE

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27
Q

type of headache

pain is described as a SQUEEZING BAND

A

Tension Type

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28
Q

cause of headache

Sudden onset of severe headache with neurologic signs
“Worst headache of my life” or “thunderclap” headache

A

Hemorrhage (SUBARACHNOID)

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29
Q
  • superficial temporary artery vasculitis
  • Presentation: Age >50 , elevated ESR, pain worsening if stopping or lying flat

assoc. fever , weight loss, night sweats, joint pain

A

Temporal Arteritis

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30
Q

WARNING SIGNS – HEADACHES

  • Abrupt onset of pain < 1 week or sudden change in pattern
  • Stiff Neck
  • Altered conscciousness
  • Neurologic deficit
  • Progressively worsening
  • Vomiting precedes headache
  • new onset in patients over 50
A
  • Abrupt onset of pain < 1 week or sudden change in pattern
  • Stiff Neck
  • Altered conscciousness
  • Neurologic deficit
  • Progressively worsening
  • Vomiting precedes headache
  • new onset in patients over 50
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31
Q

vascular dilations in the cerebral arteries – circle of willis

oculomotor is affected –> dilation of the pupils

A

Berry Aneurysm

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32
Q

Pathophysiology

typically vascular in origin, increased contraction leads to low oxygen levels in that area dropping level of serotonin

LOW SEROTONIN –>

A

MIGRAINE

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33
Q

Migraine with or without AURA?

Sx: Scintillating Scotoma = visual disturbance
Ascending paresthesia
Weakness
Aphasia

A

MIGRAINE WITH AURA

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34
Q

migranes WITHOUT AURA affect what location

A

Frontal or Periorbital

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35
Q

What is the most common adult headache?

typically in women

A

TENSION headaches

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36
Q

During a TENSION headache a band of pain is usually felt where?

A

Frontal Temporal

37
Q

Pathophysiology

Myodural bridge between rectus capitis posterior minor and intracranial dura

A

Cervicogenic Headache

38
Q

Triggers for Cluster Headaches

A

Alcohol
Wind Exposure
Heat

39
Q

Primary Respiratory Mechanism

On FLEXION, what happens to unpaired and paired bones?

A

Unpaired (midline) – FLEX
Paired – EXTERNALLY ROTATE

40
Q

Primary Respiratory Mechanism

On EXTENSION, what happens to unpaired and paired bones?

A

Unpaired – EXTEND
Paired – INTERNALLY ROTATE

41
Q

the 5 principles of PRM involve what aspects

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid Fluctuation
Membranes
Motility of Neural Tube
Articular Mobility of Cranial Bones
Involuntary mobility of sacrum

42
Q

Which ventricle serves as the mixing chamber?

A

4th Ventricle

43
Q

Firm Extracranial attachments include what 4 things?

A

Foramen Magnum
C2
C3
S2

44
Q

What is the innermost membrane surrounding meninges

A

PIA MATER

45
Q

During INHALATION/FLEXION, what happens to the CNS and spinal cord

A

CNS shortens and thickens and the spinal cord moves upward

46
Q

During EXHALATION/EXTENSION, what happens to the CNS and spinal cord

A

CNS lengthens and thins
Spinal Cord moves downward

47
Q

What suture runs between occipital bone and temporal bone

A

Occipitomastoid Suture (OM)

Houses CN IX, X, XI, Jugular vein

48
Q

develops from cartilage and bone develops by endochondral ossification

A

CRANIAL BASE

49
Q

develops from membrane (flatter bones) and develops via intramembranous ossification

A

Cranial Vault

50
Q

sacral rocking motion occurs around what axis?

A

superior (resp.) transverse sacral axis

51
Q

while in VAULT HOLD, the index finger lies on

A

greater wing of sphenoid

52
Q

while in VAULT HOLD, the middle 2 fingers lies on

A

zygomatic process of temporal bone and mastoid process

53
Q

name the MIDLINE bones

FLEXION and EXTENSION

A

VOMER
OCCIPUT
SACRUM
SPHENOID
ETHMOID

54
Q

INHALATION = FLEXION = EXTERNAL ROTATION

A

EXHALATION = EXTENSION = INTERNAL ROTATION

55
Q

The base of the SPHENOID moves in what direction, while the base of the OCCIPUT moves in what direction?

A

SPHENOID – CLOCKWISE
OCCIPUT – COUNTERCLOCKWISE

56
Q

Which cranial strains are NON-Physiologic

A

Lateral and Vertical Strain

57
Q

axis for flexion and extension

A

TWO PARALLEL
TRANSVERSE AXIS

58
Q

FLEXION Causes the sacrum to do what?

A

COUNTERNUTATES

sacrum goes posterior

59
Q
A
60
Q

EXTENSION causes the sacrum to do what?

A

NUTATE

sacrum goes anterior

61
Q

describe the movement of the sphenoid and occiput during TORSION

A

move in opposite direction

62
Q

TORSION occurs on which AXIS?

A

Single AP Axis

63
Q

Left and Right TORSION are named based on ..

A

GREATER WING OF SPHENOID IS HIGHER ON THAT SIDE

64
Q

SIDEBENDING occurs on which axis?

A

Two parallel vertical axis
One AP axis

65
Q

Lateral Strains occur on what axis?

A

Two Parallel Vertical Axes

66
Q

lateral strains are named for

A

the postion of the base of the sphenoid

67
Q

VERTICAL strains occur on what axis

A

TWO Parallel Transverse Axis

68
Q

Whose studies show the opening of sutures with tissue in between
Shows movement is independent of respiration and HR

A

RETZLAFF Studies

69
Q

Whose studies show compliance in cat model
SKull bones moved with inside and outside forces

A

HEISEY and ADAMS

70
Q

Whose studies measured human skull motion with pick on parietal bones
- found rhythm varies with subjects / not synced with breathing

A

FRYMANN

71
Q

Whose study used infrared recording device –> accurtely show skull movements
- acupuncture needles as markers
- 100% detection at 45 microns

A

ZANAKIS

72
Q

Whose study involved Traub-Hering-Mayer oscillations
- measured with laer-doppler flowmeter

A

Chicago (NELSON)

73
Q

Whose study revealed that active motion testing of the SBS affects the cranial system to a level that results in a measurable effect?

A

SANDHOUSE

74
Q

Visceral Somatic Reflex

Pituatary / Thyroid / Parathyroid (HEENT)

A

T1-4

75
Q

Visceral Somatic Reflex

Pancreas

A

T7-9

76
Q

Visceral Somatic Reflex

Adrenal

A

T 8-10

77
Q

Visceral Somatic Reflex

GONADS

A

T10 - T11

78
Q

PARASYMPATHETICS

The OA and SACRUM involve what

A

OA – VAGUS

Sacrum – Pelvic Splanchnic

79
Q

DISORDER

Muscle atrophy
Myopathy with fatty infiltration infiltration
acropachy-Graves Dz
Pretibial myxedema, graves ophthalmopathy
Shoulder adhesive capsulitis

A

HYPERTHYROID

80
Q

DISORDER

Irregular or stippled Epiphyses
Delayed bone maturation
Proximal Muscle myopathy
Carpal Tunnel syndrome

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

81
Q

DISORDER

Bone Resorption
Soft tissue Calcifications
Psteotos Fibrosa Cystica

A

HYPERPARATHYROID

82
Q

DISORDER

MCP and Metatarsal Shortening
Short middle and distal phalanges with canes epiphyses
Short stature
Rounded facies
Central obesity
Subcutaneous calcifications

A

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

83
Q

DISORDER

Osteopenia/osteoporosis
Osteonecrosis
Muscle wasting

A

Hypercortisolism (CUSHINGS)

84
Q

the sympathetic nerves orginate from

A

THORACO-LUMBAR

Parasympathetic – cervical and sacral

85
Q

Celiac Ganglion involve which segments

stomach, duodenum, liver, GB, pancreas, spleen

A

T5-T9

86
Q

Superior Mesenteric Ganglion involve which segments

SI beyond duodenum, r. colon, kidneys and adrenals

A

T10 - 11

87
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion involve which segments

Left Colon / Pelvic Organgs

A

T12 - L2

88
Q

Poorly localized pain, usually midline
Vague, gnawing/cramping, deep

A

TRUE VISCERAL PAIN

89
Q
A

OPP 4 (1 decks)

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