midterm

Question 1

Incommensurability

Answer 1

The impossibility of comparing two differing worldviews.

Results from the radical difference between competing hypothesis

• there is no common ground
  ex: Newton and Gould

Question 2

Pessimistic Meta Induction

Answer 2

Current and future scientific belief is likely false based on the records of past scientific failures

Question 3

Technoscience Examples

Answer 3

Nano-Technology
Bio-Medicine
Semiconductor Electronics

Question 4

The familiarity trap

Answer 4

The feeling of knowing something, but you actually don’t

Question 5

Scientific Law

Answer 5

is the strongest form of scientific statement

Question 6

Application of Science belongs to:

Answer 6

Technology

Question 7

3 projects that demonstrate human development & illustrate technologies ability to stimulate scientific technology:

Answer 7

Air-pump
Bessemer Project (didn’t work)
Telescope

Question 8

Greeks and romans didn’t use _______ to their advantage in developing successful societies

Answer 8

science

Question 9

Justification consists of ________ and ________

Answer 9

Logic and Interface

Question 10

Science corrigibility

Answer 10

sciences ability to change

Question 11

spaced practice

Answer 11

studying in separate intervals over time

Question 12

2 not efficient study strategies

Answer 12

massed practice
blocked practice

Question 13

A good learning approach is one that is:

Answer 13

effortful and varied

Question 14

3 stages of understanding

Answer 14

Encoding
Consolidation
Retrieval

Question 15

The Fluency Illusion

Answer 15

Hear it, understand it, but when you go to apply it you can’t

Question 16

The example of penicillin and photography illustrate how __________ is ________ motivated

Answer 16

Technology

Socially

Question 17

Complementary Technology

Answer 17

a technology used to allow another type of technology to be useful

Question 18

Scaling up

Answer 18

is the process where a technological artifact is transformed from something reproducible one at a time to the mass production necessary for commercial success

Question 19

Oberdan’s lesson from the Sony Walkman

Answer 19

consumers are not always good judges of what they want, so developer perception of the market is important for innovation

Question 20

Technological development

Answer 20

development is incremental with “revolutionary” phases during which a given technology is completely re-imagined

Question 21

P-Hacking

Answer 21

Narrowing or expanding data to lend a hypothesis credibility

Question 22

In science it is much easier to get a ______ than a ______

Answer 22

result

anwser

Question 23

HARKing

Answer 23

Hypothesizing After Results are Known

Question 24

P-hacking

Answer 24

repeated tinkering with data and retesting to receive a result you want

Question 25

P-value

Answer 25

a number describing how likely it is that your data would have occurred under the null hypothesis of your statistical test MARGIN FOR ERROR: 0.5

Question 26

Non-rational

Answer 26

other than rational

Question 27

blocked practice

Answer 27

one thing one day, another thing another day ex: leg day... doesn't work! looking for total body

Question 28

Anomaly

Answer 28

exception to a rule ( a hole in a wall) a potential moment of failure????

Question 29

Paradigm

Answer 29

a standard set of ideas or perspectives (a way of looking at things)

Question 30

Nieve Realism

Answer 30

a default position for human beings - a belief that what you take to be true is true - believe without thinking Nieve realism is also known as scientific realism

Question 31

Technoscience

Answer 31

is a feedback loop to allow one type of technology allow another (technology) to function

Question 32

science

Answer 32

how do i get x to occur

Question 33

aims

Answer 33

goals

Question 34

induction

Answer 34

the mode of argumentation starting with a limited dataset

Question 35

meta-induction

Answer 35

this is a claim built on the information coming from the induction

Question 36

deductive

Answer 36

the mode of argumentation starting with mostly all information

Question 37

Justification

Answer 37

the reason why society believes something to be true

Question 38

Truth

Answer 38

reason and evidence

Question 39

The aim of Science

Answer 39

To develop a body of knowledge which will describe reality

Question 40

The aim of Technology

Answer 40

The aim of technology to employ justified beliefs concerning organizational systems and artifacts for achieving practical solutions to concrete problems

Question 41

scientific revolution

Answer 41

the stage that differentiates the development of science between that of technology

Question 42

necessary retrieval criteria

Answer 42

effortful delayed repeated

Question 43

Effective retrieval criteria

Answer 43

spaced interleaved varried

Question 44

3 categorical differences between science and technology

Answer 44

definitional historical developmental

Question 45

Goulds definition of science

Answer 45

fruitful mode of inquiry

Question 46

Goulds characteristics of a real scientific proposal

Answer 46

testable generous expansive