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STS 1010 > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Incommensurability

A

The impossibility of comparing two differing worldviews.

Results from the radical difference between competing hypothesis

  • there is no common ground
    ex: Newton and Gould
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2
Q

Pessimistic Meta Induction

A

Current and future scientific belief is likely false based on the records of past scientific failures

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3
Q

Technoscience Examples

A

Nano-Technology
Bio-Medicine
Semiconductor Electronics

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4
Q

The familiarity trap

A

The feeling of knowing something, but you actually don’t

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5
Q

Scientific Law

A

is the strongest form of scientific statement

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6
Q

Application of Science belongs to:

A

Technology

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7
Q

3 projects that demonstrate human development & illustrate technologies ability to stimulate scientific technology:

A

Air-pump
Bessemer Project (didn’t work)
Telescope

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8
Q

Greeks and romans didn’t use _______ to their advantage in developing successful societies

A

science

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9
Q

Justification consists of ________ and ________

A

Logic and Interface

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10
Q

Science corrigibility

A

sciences ability to change

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11
Q

spaced practice

A

studying in separate intervals over time

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12
Q

2 not efficient study strategies

A

massed practice
blocked practice

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13
Q

A good learning approach is one that is:

A

effortful and varied

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14
Q

3 stages of understanding

A

Encoding
Consolidation
Retrieval

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15
Q

The Fluency Illusion

A

Hear it, understand it, but when you go to apply it you can’t

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16
Q

The example of penicillin and photography illustrate how __________ is ________ motivated

A

Technology

Socially

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17
Q

Complementary Technology

A

a technology used to allow another type of technology to be useful

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18
Q

Scaling up

A

is the process where a technological artifact is transformed from something reproducible one at a time to the mass production necessary for commercial success

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19
Q

Oberdan’s lesson from the Sony Walkman

A

consumers are not always good judges of what they want, so developer perception of the market is important for innovation

20
Q

Technological development

A

development is incremental with “revolutionary” phases during which a given technology is completely re-imagined

21
Q

P-Hacking

A

Narrowing or expanding data to lend a hypothesis credibility

22
Q

In science it is much easier to get a ______ than a ______

A

result

anwser

23
Q

HARKing

A

Hypothesizing After Results are Known

24
Q

P-hacking

A

repeated tinkering with data and retesting to receive a result you want

25
Q

P-value

A

a number describing how likely it is that your data would have occurred under the null hypothesis of your statistical test

MARGIN FOR ERROR: 0.5

26
Q

Non-rational

A

other than rational

27
Q

blocked practice

A

one thing one day, another thing another day
ex: leg day… doesn’t work! looking for total body

28
Q

Anomaly

A

exception to a rule ( a hole in a wall)

a potential moment of failure????

29
Q

Paradigm

A

a standard set of ideas or perspectives (a way of looking at things)

30
Q

Nieve Realism

A

a default position for human beings
- a belief that what you take to be true is true
- believe without thinking

Nieve realism is also known as scientific realism

31
Q

Technoscience

A

is a feedback loop to allow one type of technology allow another (technology) to function

32
Q

science

A

how do i get x to occur

33
Q

aims

A

goals

34
Q

induction

A

the mode of argumentation starting with a limited dataset

35
Q

meta-induction

A

this is a claim built on the information coming from the induction

36
Q

deductive

A

the mode of argumentation starting with mostly all information

37
Q

Justification

A

the reason why society believes something to be true

38
Q

Truth

A

reason and evidence

39
Q

The aim of Science

A

To develop a body of knowledge which will describe reality

40
Q

The aim of Technology

A

The aim of technology to employ justified beliefs concerning organizational systems and artifacts for achieving practical solutions to concrete problems

41
Q

scientific revolution

A

the stage that differentiates the development of science between that of technology

42
Q

necessary retrieval criteria

A

effortful
delayed
repeated

43
Q

Effective retrieval criteria

A

spaced
interleaved
varried

44
Q

3 categorical differences between science and technology

A

definitional
historical
developmental

45
Q

Goulds definition of science

A

fruitful mode of inquiry

46
Q

Goulds characteristics of a real scientific proposal

A

testable
generous
expansive

STS 1010 (1 decks)

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