Midterm Flashcards
0
Q
Zhen qi is received from _________ and combines with grain qi to make the body full
A
Heaven (source qi)
1
Q
Zhen qi is also known as _________ or ________ qi
A
true; right
2
Q
Zong qi is also known as _______, ___________, or __________ qi
A
chest; ancestral; gathering
3
Q
Zong qi gathers in the chest which is also known as the _______ of ______
A
sea of qi
4
Q
Zong qi drives the _________ and regulates the pulses and breathing
A
heart
5
Q
Wiseman states that zong qi is reflected in the strength of the _________
A
voice
6
Q
Which qi is fierce, bold, and uninhibited?
A
Wei qi
7
Q
T/F wei qi warms the organs internally
A
true
8
Q
T/F wei qi in the exterior flows through the skin and flesh
A
true
9
Q
Wei can help keep ________ lusterous and healthy
A
skin
10
Q
Wei qi is also known as ___________ qi
A
defensive
11
Q
Ying qi is known as _____________ or __________ qi
A
construction or nutritive
12
Q
T/F ying qi helps form muscle
A
false, it helps form blood
13
Q
Ying qi is known to flow within the _________ of the blood
A
vessels
14
Q
Describe the process by which blood is formed
A
middle burner takes in qi, extracts the essence from qi, and turns that essence into blood
15
Q
Which organ plays a vital role in the formation of blood?
A
lung
16
Q
Zhong qi is known as _________ or _________ qi
A
central; middle
17
Q
Which organs is zhong qi closely related to?
A
spleen and stomach
18
Q
Zhong qi plays a vital role in ___________ the pure and __________ the turbid
A
upbear; downbear
19
Q
Failure of the spleen to upbear the pure in the body can lead to organ __________
A
prolapse
20
Q
Upright qi is also known as __________ qi
A
zheng
21
Q
T/F Zheng qi is the body’s weapon against xie/evil qi
A
True
22
Q
T/F Zheng qi is known to help the body maintain homeostasis
A
False, its job is to maintain overall health and resist disease
23
Q
What are the 4 main pathologies of qi?
A
vacuity, qi fall, stagnation, and counterflow
24
When we talk about qi vacuity, we usually refer to vacuity in ________/yuan qi
zhen
25
What factors cause qi vacuity?
illness, old age, weak constitution, malnutrition
26
Qi vacuity is often characterized by what symptoms?
weakness and lack of strength
27
T/F Qi fall is a less serious form of qi vacuity?
false, it is a more advanced condition of qi vacuity
28
Qi fall is typically the downward falling of qi, which often leads to ___________
prolapse
29
What are the main symptoms of qi fall?
dizziness and abdominal distention
30
__________ ____________ is the disruption of the normal flow of qi in an area of the body
qi stagnation
31
Name some of the factors that cause qi stagnation
emotions, dietary irregularities, external evils, trauma
32
What are the primary symptoms of qi stagnation?
local pain, distention, pain that fluctuates in intensity
33
In what two organs is counterflow qi usually exhibited?
lungs and stomach
34
What is counterflow qi?
when downbearing disrupted and qi then moves upward
35
What are the symptoms of qi counterflow in the lungs and stomach?
wheezing, coughing or nausea, hiccup, belching, vomiting
36
Xue/Blood is derived from the __________ qi from food
essential
37
How does xue or blood get its red color?
Transformation by the Construction qi and Lung
38
The heart is said to __________ the blood
govern
39
The liver is said to __________ the blood at night when the body rests
store
40
The spleen is said to __________ the blood and prevent it from spilling out of the vessels
manage
41
The blood nourishes different parts of the body. For example, the liver receives blood so we have the ability to _______
see (remember, the livers wood organ are the eyes)
42
What are the pathologies of blood?
blood vacuity, blood stasis, blood heat
43
What causes blood vacuity?
hemorrhage, reduced blood production, an impairment to blood's ability to nourish the body
44
What are the main signs and symptoms of blood vacuity?
dizziness, palpitations, lusterless facial complexion, pale lips and tongue, fine pulse, insomnia, "flowery" vision, dry skin and hair
45
What causes the stagnation or stasis of the blood?
stagnant or deficient qi, cold that congeals the blood, heat that boils or dries the blood, and physical trauma
46
What are the main symptoms of blood stasis?
dull and dark facial complexion, green/blue or purple lips, speckles on the tongue, fine rough pulse (bc blood cant get through)
47
If you have blood stasis in a particular area, what are the main symptoms?
stabbing pain in the fixed local area, swelling (from blood buildup)
48
_________ __________ cause blood heat
heat toxins
49
What are the main signs and symptoms of blood heat?
reckless movement of blood (crazy bleeding or bleeding disorders), rashes or eruptions on the skin (macopapular eruptions)
50
What are the 5 main body constituents?
skin, muscle, sinews, bone, and vessels
51
What organ is the skin/pi related to?
lungs
52
T/F body hair is not related to the skin
False, the skin includes body hair as well
53
What are the main functions of the skin?
protect the body, regulate fluids, regulate temperature
54
What organ governs the flesh and limbs (muscles/ji rou)
spleen
55
What functions of the spleen assist in the formation of blood?
transformation and transportation
56
___________ nourishes the muscles and the four limbs
blood
57
What are the functions of the muscles?
protects the organs (viscera), helps facilitate movement along with the sinews and bones
58
What organ holds the viscera in place to prevent prolapse?
spleen
59
What organ are the sinews/jin related to?
liver
60
What are the main functions of the sinews/jin?
connects the joints which allows bending and stretching, helps facilitate movement along with the muscles and bones
61
T/F bones, muscles, and tendons act as pulleys and levers in the body?
true
62
The bones or gu is dependent upon the strength of _________ organ qi to function properly
kidney
63
What are the functions of the bones or gu?
upholds the body, protects the organs (viscera), holds marrow, works with the sinews and muscles to aid in movement
64
What organ controls the blood vessels/mai?
heart
65
What are the main functions of the blood vessels?
transport qi (ying qi) and blood
66
All yang points converge at the head at what point?
du 20 (hundred meetings)
67
The head is said to house ____________
intelligence
68
What are the 7 orifices in the body?
2 eyes, 2 ears, 2 noseholes, mouth
anus and genitals as extra lower yin
69
What organ does facial complexion relate to?
heart
70
Where does cold typically enter through?
the neck (jing), which is shown as a stiff neck
71
T/F the neck (jing) and nape of the neck (jing bei) is prone to muscular issues and fluid stagnation
true
72
What organ channels runs along the back (bei)?
UB channel
73
The ________ _______ points are also located on the back and can relate to specific organs
back shu
74
Zong qi is related to which part of the body that is in the thoracic area?
chest (xiong)
75
T/F the chest houses the kidneys
false, the chest houses the heat and lung
76
What factors can lead to chest pain?
heart qi vacuity, heart blood stasis, cold, phlegm turbidity, and lung issues
77
What organs does the hypochondrium (xie) relate to?
liver and gall bladder
78
Ribside or hypochondrium pain can be caused by what issues?
liver qi stagnation, liver fire, and shao yang disease
79
The lower back or lumbus is said to house the __________
kidneys
80
T/F the health of the intestines is said to be reflected in the lower back
false, the health of the kidneys is reflected in lower back
81
Lower back pain generally indicates a deficiency in ________ organ balance
kidney
82
The channels that are related to the lower back are?
du, dai, and UB
83
What organ governs the four limbs?
spleen
84
The ________ organ governs physical movement
liver
85
T/F when the sinews are nourished by liver blood, then we can bend and stretch
true
86
What are the two lower yin according to the 7 orifices?
anus and genitals
87
The ear is related to what organ?
kidneys
88
T/F when kidney qi is abundant then hearing becomes more clear and acute
true
89
T/F deficiency in kidney can not only affect the lower back, but can impair hearing
true
90
T/F Damp heat is usually internally contracted
false, it is externally contracted, usually by eating a lot of fatty, greasy food
91
Eating fatty greasy food too much can cause damp heat which enters what channel?
shao yang channel (GB is the foot shao yang), this then enters through to the ear
92
What other channel enters the ear and affects its function?
small intestine channel (hand tai yang)
93
__________ and _________ dampness is a major cause of pediatric ear infection due to food stagnation
spleen and stomach
94
The eyes may reflect signs and symptoms of the __________
liver (thats why in jaundice the yellow can take over the sclera)
95
What two additional organs can affect the eyes?
kidneys and spleen dampness (spleen can create the sand in the eye)
96
Tearing, burning, swelling, and twitching of the eyes is caused by _________ __________
wind heat
97
The nose is governed by what organ?
lungs
98
Pathologies of the nose can be caused by what organ pairs?
lung and spleen; lung and kidneys
99
Lungs _________ qi and kidneys are the ________ of qi
governs; root
100
What organ opens up at the mouth?
spleen
101
The ________ channel are the upper teeth and gums and the __________ ___________ channel is the lower teeth and gums
stomach; large intestine
102
___________ is said to engender bone and marrow
kidneys
103
Teeth can reflect the health of what organ?
kidney
104
The tongue opens to what organ?
heart (tongue is said to be made of the same tissue as the heart)
105
___________ qi is responsible for the tongue coat
stomach
106
What two channels connect to the tongue?
spleen and kidneys
107
The throat is associated with what organ?
lungs (remember the lung channel goes to the throat)
108
A sore dry throat is primarily caused by _________ ________
wind heat
109
What organ controls the two lower yins (anus and genitals)
kidneys
110
T/F kidney qi is responsible for driving the transformation of fluids into urine
true
111
T/F disruption of kidney qi can lead to abnormal discharges, spermatorrhea, leucorrhea (vaginal discharge)
true
112
If kidney qi is disrupted, how is the anterior yin (qian) affected?
urinary frequency, incontinence (involuntary excretion), reduced flow or volume of urine
113
What organs are primarily affected in the posterior yin if the kidney qi is disrupted?
large intestine, lungs, spleen
114
What are the 6 factors that cause disease?
Wind, heat, damp, dryness, summerheat, cold
115
T/F wind is a rare external pathogenic factor
false, wind is the primary EPF
116
What other factor can affect the cause of disease?
weather and climate
117
What other factors can combine with wind to enter body and cause disease?
heat, cold, damp/phlegm
118
What season is wind prevalent?
spring
119
Wind is typically characterized by what signs?
sudden onset of disease, rapid changes and movement of disease
120
What are the main symptoms of wind issues?
tremors, shaking, dizziness, moving pain, itching
121
Wind likes to attack which areas of the body first?
upper and outer portions
122
T/F wind can be caused by external invasions AND internal disharmony
true
123
Name the primary wind patterns
liver wind stirring internally, extreme heat engendering wind, and blood vacuity engendering wind
124
What season is cold prevalent?
winter
125
What areas of the body does cold like to invade?
abdomen and internal organs
126
Cold typically consumes the ________ qi of the body, which gives rise to cold signs and symptoms
yang
127
Cold is known to ________ and ________ normal movement
constrict/contract and obstruct
128
What two issues can arises when cold is present?
qi stagnation and blood stasis (therefore, cold can give rise to pain)
129
What season is heat related to?
summer
130
T/F Heat usually moves downward and affects the stomach, kidneys, and liver
false, heat moves up and causes red face, red eyes, and red tongue
131
What organ is the most susceptible to heat issues?
heart
132
What are some of the properties of heat?
stirs wind (leads to seizure/convulsions) and speeds up movement (rapid pulse and reckless bleeding)
133
T/F external pathogens can at some point transform to heat
true
134
When is dampness more prevalent?
late summer
135
What organ is really vulnerable to damp?
spleen
136
What are the properties of dampness?
heaviness and turbidity because dampness tends to stagnate things
137
What season is dryness more prevalent?
fall
138
What organ is vulnerable to dryness?
lungs
139
Externally, dryness can be related to our _____________
environments (dry regions or super heated apartments)
140
Internally, dryness can be related to ________
heat
141
Summer heat is prevalent during which season?
summer
142
What are the properties of summer heat?
moves upward and consumes fluids
143
Summer heat can be presented as heat _______ and heat ________
heat (fever, surging pulse, no sweat, weak, dry tongue)
damp (loss of apetite, nausea/vomit, sloppy stool, slimy tongue fur, fluctuating fever)
144
What are the 7 Affects/Emotions that are main contributors to internal causes of disease?
anger, grief/sadness, fear, fright/shock, anxiety/worry, joy, thought/overthinking
145
The seven affects or emotions are usually our response to _________ stimuli
external
146
When our emotions occur in excess over a long period of time, they can damage which vital substances?
blood, qi, yin/yang
147
Relate the 7 affects/emotions with their organs
```
anger - liver
joy - heart
grief - lungs
worry - jeart
overthinking - spleen
fear - kidney
fright - kidney/heart
```
148
What are the 5 spirits
```
shen - conscious mind
po - corporeal soul or animal spirit
hun - ethereal soul
yi - intellect
zhi - will/mind
```
150
The _________ is said to be the conscious mind and the ________ is the seat of the conscious mind
shen; heart
151
T/F if the heart fulfills its function and qi/blood are abundant, then the spirit will be quiet
true, if the heart is disrupted then the shen will be disturbed
152
The po resides in what organ?
lungs
153
T/F the po is our spirit to leave the earth
false, it is the spirit that animates us and gives us our physical senses
154
The hun is housed by what organ?
liver
155
The liver stores the blood and in exchange the blood houses the __________ soul
ethereal
156
The yi is reflected in what organ?
spleen
157
T/F the yi gives us the ability to think critically, take in new information and formulate new ideas
true
158
The zhi is related and is stored in the ____________
kidneys
159
T/F the strength of zhi allows us to fulfill the vision of our higher selves, along with determination and focus
true
160
The other miscellaneous causes of disease are?
```
constitution (pre and post heaven)
trauma
pestilential qi (harmful qi)
insect bites
parasites
wrong treatment/medication
```
161
Our constitutions determine how well our bodies can __________ against disease
defend
162
What factors affect pre heaven constitution?
parent's qi/jing, parent's age, gestational nourishment, emotions
163
What factors affect post heaven constitution?
diet, overwork/lack of exercise, sexual activity, emotions
164
Ancient Chinese suggested how many years between children in order to let the mothers rest and rejuvenate so that kidney jing and constitution is not weakened?
5 years
165
What are the five taxations?
prolonged vision affects blood, prolonged laying affects qi, prolonged sitting affects flesh, prolonged standing affects bones, prolonged walking affects sinews
166
Describe the wood body type.
Capable of flexible and quick movements. Likes to work and leans toward depression if out of balance. Good tolerance to summer/spring. Darker complexion. Can get sick or injured easily. Likes challenges. i.e. Michael Jackson
167
Describe the Fire body type.
Thick spine and red skin. Wide head that comes to point and has angular features. Emotionally sensitive. Focused on what others think. Can be bald. Good in summer and spring. Overthinks. i.e. George Costanza
168
Describe the earth body type.
Thick legs and muscles. Is more of a peacemaker and gets along with everyone. Round face and big head. Fall and winter are better for them. Big time givers. Tend to overcommit themselves. i.e. Dr. Levenson
169
Describe the metal body type.
Square jaw and shoulders. Small back and shoulders. Strong skeleton and is a serious worker/efficient. Really organized. Very independent and not really big muscular wise. They know what is right because they like to judge. Isolated personality. i.e. Clint Eastwood
170
Describe the water body type.
Lacks luster and big head/big abdomen. Narrow shoulders. Darker complexion. Artistic and have fullness bc strong kidneys. Likes fall. Can be deceptive and manipulative. Wise.
171
Are fluids yin or yang?
yin
172
What are the two pathologies of fluids?
```
Temporary vacuity (causing dryness)
Humor desertion (MAJOR depletion of fluids)
```
173
What organs play a vital role in fluids?
Lungs, spleen, and kidney
174
What are the two types of phlegm?
Internal - accumulates on the interior and can be seen as nodules
External - phlegm that we cough up or blow out of nose, seen exteriorly
175
What is rheum?
Pathological collection of fluids in one area of the body due to non movement
176
T/F Phlegm can move anywhere via the san jiao and qi movement
true
177
Phlegm can be produced by any improper function of the ________, __________, and ___________ organs
lung, spleen, and kidneys
178
Phlegm is merely _______ with form, and ________ is merely formless phlegm
fire and fire
179
Qi is the _________ of blood and blood is the __________ of qi
commander; mother
180
Gangrene is a form of ________ __________ in the extremities
blood stasis
181
What causes the emergence of disease in our bodies?
insufficiency of zheng/right qi, xie/evil qi, and the fighting between zheng and xie qi
182
The two main types of disease patterns are ________ (shi) and ________ (xu)
excess; deficiency
183
What are the causes of excess (shi) disease patterns?
the six evils, pathogens, stagnation and accumulation of qi, phlegm/water, food, or blood
184
What are the primary signs and symptoms of excess disease?
fullness, pain that does not like pressure, panting/wheezing, inability to urinate, delirium
185
What is the main cause of deficient disease patterns?
Chronic diseases (consumes our vital substances and fluids)
186
T/F Chronic diseases weakens our right qi
true
187
What are the general signs and symptoms of deficient conditions?
listless spirit, white facial complexion, body fatigue, palpations, shortness of breath, physical cold, five centers heat, loose stool/diarrhea, frequent urination, pale tongue, weak/thin pulse
188
The 4 basic patterns of yin/yang disharmony are?
excess yin, excess yang, deficient yin, deficient yang
189
Excess yang (excess heat) is typically caused by what factors?
heat, cold pathogen that transformed to heat, emotional imbalance, qi and blood stagnation that turned to heat, hot diet
190
Signs and symptoms of excess yang include?
fever, aversion to heat, red face/eyes, rough breathing, loud voice, bitter taste, desire for cold liquids, red tongue, yellow and dry fur, surging rapid and forceful pulse
191
Excess yin conditions are caused by what factors?
cold, damp, yin pathogens, or excessive consumption of raw/cold food
192
What are the main signs and symptoms of excess yin?
cold body/limbs, aversion to cold, pale tongue, pulse is slow and forceless
193
What are the main causes of yang deficiency?
weak pre heaven qi, lack of nutrition, overwork, chronic disease, old age
194
What are the signs and symptoms of yang deficiency (deficient cold)?
bright white facial complexion, fatigue, lack of strength, fear of cold, cold limbs/body, lying in fetal position, spontaneous sweating, large and tender tongue, slow forceless pulse
195
What are the causes of deficient yin (deficient heat)?
congenital deficiencies, pathogenic yang that damages yin, unbalanced emotions, chronic disease, overwork, hot foods, old age
196
What are the main signs and symptoms of yin deficiency?
dryness, thirst, malar flush, 5 centers heat, night sweat, insomnia, tender red tongue with little or no fur, fine pulse
197
T/F deficient yin damages yang and deficient yang damages yin?
true
198
In chronic cases of yin deficiency, it can over time weaken essential qi of the ________ and weaken yang
kidneys
199
Signs and symptoms of deficient yin damaging yang are?
aversion to cold, cold limbs, deep weak pulse, heat signs caused by yin deficiency
200
In chronic yang deficiency, the essential qi of the ________ can again be damaged
kidneys
201
Chronic yang deficiency can cause an inability to produce ______ fluid
yin
202
Signs and symptoms of yang damaging yin are?
thin body, irratibility, dryness, upper body heat, cold signs from yang deficiency
203
What is yin yang collapse?
When yin fluid or yang qi is suddenly and excessively lost
204
What is imminent if yin yang collapse is not fixed?
death
205
What causes yin yang collapse?
the pathogen is so strong, the right qi cannot resist and yang collapses (excessive sweating, bleeding, diarrhea can also cause loss of yang qi)
206
Signs and symptoms of yang collapse are?
profuse cold sweat, very cold limbs, sleeping in fetal position, listlessness, faint deep pulse
207
What causes yin collapse?
several pathogenic heat, severe bleeding, diarrhea, sweating and vomiting
208
Signs and symptoms of yin collapse are?
profuse sticky sweat, warm limbs, shortness of breath, thirst, irritability, rapid and faint pulse
