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MGMT 6055 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a Project

A
  • a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
  • has a definite beginning and end
  • ends when the project objectives are achieved (or terminated due to not achieving the project)
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2
Q

What is project management?

A

the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, managing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals

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3
Q

How many PMBOK processes

A

49

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4
Q

How many knowledge areas

A

10

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5
Q

How many process groups

A

5

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6
Q

What are the 5 process groups

A

Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring and Controlling
Closing

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7
Q

What are the knowledge areas

A

Integration
Scope
Time
Cost
Quality
Resources
Communications
Risk
Procurement
Stakeholder

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8
Q

ITTO

A

Inputs
Tools and Techniques
Outputs

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9
Q

SOW

A

Statement of Work

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10
Q

What is a SOW

A

a narrative description of the work to be completed if/when the project is launched

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11
Q

a document that is reviewed and approved before launching a formal project

A

SOW

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12
Q

Who creates the SOW (from PPT)

A

senior manager or project sponsor

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13
Q

a document where the initial ideas for a project are put on paper

A

SOW

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14
Q

What are included in the SOW

A
  • Strategic Plan
  • Business need
  • Description of the product or service(scope description)
    Also include:
  • funding constraints
  • high level schedule
  • deliverables
  • acceptance criteria
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15
Q

It shows how the project supports the overall organization

A

Strategic Plan

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16
Q

What is a Project Charter

A
  • a document that formally authorizes a project (or phase)
  • establishes a partnership between the performing organization and the requesting organization
  • formally initiates the project
  • assigns a project manager (who is typically involved in creating the Charter
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17
Q

What is the project life cycle

A

starts the project
organizes project
closes the project

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18
Q

What are included in the Statement of Work

A

Business Need
High level schedule
funding constraints

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19
Q

What is not included in the Statement of Work

A

WBS

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20
Q

Project management has ____ processes organized into ____ knowledge areas and ____process groups

A

49, 10, 5

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21
Q

Statements about project life cycle

A
  • phases are segmented into logical subsets
  • as each phase closes, a decision is needed
  • milestones dictate when phases close
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22
Q

the output for develop project charter

A

project charter and assumption log

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23
Q

who is the requesting organization

A

client (may be internal or external)

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24
Q

inputs for developing a project charter

A

business documents
agreements
enterprise environmental factors
organizational process assets

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25
Q

what business documents are needed to create a project charter

A

business case
benefits management plan

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26
Q

business case may include:

A

business justification for the project
feasibility analysis
needs assessment
situation analysis
cost-benefit analysis

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27
Q

What are considered as business needs

A

market demand
organizational need
customer request
technological advance?
legal requirement

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28
Q

what is a benefits management plan

A

a plan that shows how and when the project benefits (outcomes of value to stakeholders) will be delivered

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29
Q

examples of agreements

A

Memorandums of Understanding
letters of intent

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30
Q

What are included in the Organizational Process Assets

A
  • organizational processes and procedures for conducting project work (ex. templates, policies, procedures)
  • organizational knowledge stored in databases and historical files (ex. past project files, cost databases)
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31
Q

What are Enterprise Environmental Factors

A

conditions that constrain or influence the project success such as organizational structure, market conditions, industry characteristics/environment, political climate, project management software or information system, government/industry standards or requirements

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32
Q

What are the tools and techniques in creating a project charter

A
  • expert judgment
  • data gathering
  • interpersonal and team skills
  • meetings
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33
Q

what are the data gathering techniques to create a project charter

A

brainstorming
focus groups
interviews

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34
Q

what interpersonal and team skills are needed to develop a project charter

A

conflict management
facilitation
meeting management

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35
Q

what is an assumption log

A

a document which the project manager and team use to capture, document, and track assumptions throughout the project’s lifecycle

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36
Q

Also known as traditional or predictive projects

A

waterfall projects

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37
Q

characteristics of waterfall projects

A
  • generally sequential
  • project activities are planned at the start and executed as the project progresses
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38
Q

Also known as adaptive or iterative projects

A

agile projects

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39
Q

It uses a different methodology, with successive planning/execution cycles

A

agile

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40
Q

project management methodology used in Europe

A

PRINCE2

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41
Q

triple constraints

A

scope, cost, schedule

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42
Q

a formal, approved document that defines how the project is executed, monitored, and controlled

A

Project Management Plan

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43
Q

Inputs for developing Project Management Plan

A

project charter
outputs from other processes
enterprise environmental factors
organizational process assets

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44
Q

Tools and Techniques used to create Project Management Plan

A

expert judgment
data gathering
interpersonal and team skills
meetings

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45
Q

Data gathering techniques used to create Project management Plan

A

brainstorming
checklists
focus groups
interviews

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46
Q

Types of components that can be seen in a project management plan

A

scope management plan
cost management plan
change management plan
risk management plan
procurement management plan
quality management plan
lifecycle descriptions
baselines

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47
Q

It tells you what it is you are creating or building, what it is you are trying to accomplish

A

Scope (of a project)

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48
Q

the set of project management processes concerned with the determining and managing WHAT IS and WHAT IS NOT included in the project and product

A

Scope Management

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49
Q

6 processes related to scope management

A
  1. plan scope management
  2. collect requirements
  3. define scope
  4. create WBS
  5. validate scope
  6. control scope
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50
Q

a process which shows how the scope is going to be managed for the project

A

plan scope management

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51
Q

the process of defining and documenting stakeholder needs, to meet the project objective

A

collect requirements

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52
Q
  • a process that produces a “Scope Statement”, which is the master blueprint for the project and product
  • develop a detailed description of the project or product
A

Define scope

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53
Q

the process of producing a detailed breakdown of work elements of the project

A

Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

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54
Q

the process of obtaining the approval for the client for the deliverables that are produced

A

Validate Scope

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55
Q

the process of comparing the actual results to planned results

A

Control Scope

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56
Q

Outputs for Plan Scope Management

A
  1. scope management plan
  2. requirements management plan
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57
Q

describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and verified

A

Scope Management Plan

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58
Q

Scope Management Plan includes:

A
  • how the detailed scope statement be prepared
  • How will the WBS be prepared
  • how the deliverables be accepted
  • how changes to scope be handled
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59
Q

describes how the requirements will be identified, analyzed, documented, and managed

A

Requirements Management Plan

60
Q

Requirements Management Plan includes:

A
  • how the requirements activities be planned, tracked, and reported
  • who will be involved in each tasks
  • how will the priorities be determined
  • RACI chart
61
Q

RACI

A

Responsible, Accountable, Consult, Inform

62
Q

Responsible in RACI means:

A

someone who performs the task or activity

63
Q

Accountable in RACI means:

A

someone who makes the decisions (decision maker)

64
Q

Consult in RACI

A

someone who will be asked/consulted before proceeding to the next level

65
Q

Inform in RACI

A

who we let know after all is done

66
Q

2 common classifications of requirements

A

Functional and Non-functional

67
Q

Observable tasks or processes that must be performed by the system

A

Functional

68
Q

requirements that specify criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors

A

Non-functional

69
Q

person who identifies and defines solutions that deliver value to stakeholders

A

business analyst

70
Q

Responsibilities of a business analyst

A

collecting, analyzing, managing, and communicating project requirements from stakeholders

71
Q

body of knowledge used by business analysts

A

BABOK

72
Q

Collect Requirements tools and techniques

A

expert judgment
data gathering
data analysis
decision making
data representation
interpersonal and team skills
context diagram
prototype

73
Q

statements of fact and assumptions that define the expectations of the system in terms of mission objectives, environment, constraints, and measures of effectiveness and suitability

A

Customer requirements

74
Q

It explains what has to be done by identifying the necessary system architecture of a system

A

Architecture Requirements

75
Q

It explains what has to be done by identifying the necessary structure of a system

A

Structural Requirements

76
Q

It explains what has to be done by identifying the necessary behavior of a system

A

Behavioral Requirements

77
Q

the extent to which a mission or function must be executed; generally measured in terms of quantity, quality, coverage, timelines, and readiness

A

Performance Requirements

78
Q

the “build to”, “code to”, and “buy to” requirements for products and “how to execute” requirements for processes expressed in technical data packages and technical manuals

A

Design Requirements

79
Q

requirements that are implied or transformed from higher-level requirement

A

Derived Requirements

80
Q

Requirement that is established by dividing or otherwise allocating a high-level requirement into multiple lower-level requirements

A

Allocated Requirements

81
Q

refers to technical subject matter expertise, facilitation expertise, etc

A

Expert Judgment

82
Q

data gathering methods

A

interviews, focus groups, questionnaires/surveys, benchmarking, brainstorming

83
Q

refers to document analysis

A

data analysis

84
Q

methods of decision making

A

voting, multi-criteria decision making

85
Q

data representation methods

A

affinity diagrams, mind mapping

86
Q

what interpersonal and team skills are needed to collect requirements

A

nominal group technique, observation/conversation, facilitation (workshops, collaborative construction of personas, user stories, use case diagrams)

87
Q

a type of data gathering technique where a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes

A

Focus groups

88
Q

4 steps in conducting interviews and focus groups

A
  1. prepare a plan
  2. create questions
  3. conduct interviews/focus groups
  4. summarize the responses
89
Q

Comparing actual or planned practices to those of comparable products to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, or providing a basis for measuring performance

A

Benchmarking

90
Q

Sharing your ideas no matter how crazy they sound (data gathering technique)

A

Brainstorming

91
Q

Results are tabulated and a summary of aggregated findings are produced (often using statistical procedures),
quick, cheap, can get information for a large sample group

A

Questionnaires/Surveys

92
Q

Scaling method used in questionnaires and surveys

A

Likert Scale

93
Q

Analyzing existing documents to identify information relevant to project requirements (ex. building codes, other regulatory information, problem/issue logs)

A

Document analysis

94
Q

Everyone agrees on the requirement

A

Unanimity

95
Q

more than 50% of the people agree on the requirement

A

Majority

96
Q

when there’s a choice of options, the choice that gets the most votes is the winner (even though it might not have received the numerical majority of votes)

A

Plurality

97
Q

Making decisions about what criteria are more important than others (weighted criteria)

A

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

98
Q

matrix used in multi-criteria decision analysis

A

Weighted Decision Matrix

99
Q

Ideas are grouped into their natural relationships

A

Affinity Diagrams

100
Q

A visual or graphic way to represent groupings of ideas, using branches or sub-branches

A

Mind Maps

101
Q

A full-scale working model of something built for study, testing, or display

A

Prototype

102
Q

Steps in Nominal Group Technique

A
  1. Introduce and explain
  2. Let members generate ideas silently
  3. Share ideas
  4. Discuss each ideas as a group
  5. Vote and rank ideas
103
Q

View individuals in their natural environment to understand how they behave, used when it is difficult for a user to articulate what they are doing

A

Observation

104
Q

Observation is sometimes called what?

A

Job Shadowing (may be done undercover)

105
Q

It’s when people change their behavior/action if they know that they are being watched

A

Drawback

106
Q

To identify and clarify requirements so they are clearly understood by the project team when documented

A

Facilitation

107
Q

High-level visual maps of a system and how other people or other systems interface with it, including inputs, actors, and outputs

A

Context Diagrams

108
Q

Imaginary representation of a user role

A

Persona

109
Q

A concise statement of functionality or quality needed to deliver value to a specific stakeholder

A

user stories

110
Q

a data representation that defines a goal-oriented set of interactions between external actors and the system under consideration

A

Use Case

111
Q

MCQ
The project lifecycle
a. organizes the project
b. closes the project
c. starts the project
d. all of the above

A

d.

112
Q

MCQ
Which of the following may not be included in the Statement of Work?
a. Work Breakdown Structure
b. High level schedule
c. business need
d. funding constraints

A

a.

113
Q

MCQ
Project Management has ___ processes organized into ___ knowledge areas and ___process groups
a. 10, 5, 49
b. 5, 49, 10
c. 49, 10, 5
d. 10,49, 5

A

c.

114
Q

MCQ
Which of the following statements about project lifecycle is false?
a. phases are segmented into logical subsets
b. there is a set number of phases
c. As each phase closes, a decision is needed
d. milestones dictate when phases close

A

b.

115
Q

MCQ
The output of Develop Project Charter is
a. Project Charter and SOW
b. Project Charter and Assumption Logs
c. Project Charter and Scope Definition
d. Project Charter

A

b.

116
Q

MCQ
Which of the following is not an input to the project charter?
a. stakeholder communication plan
b. letters of intent
c. feasibility analysis
d. templates and company policies

A

a.

117
Q

MCQ
Which is not a tool and technique for Planning Scope management?
a. Data gathering
b. expert judgment
c. meetings
d. alternatives analysis

A

a.

118
Q

MCQ
What does RACI mean?
a. Responsible, Assessed, Consulted, Included
b. Responsible, Accountable, Consult, Inform
c. Required, Accountable, Confirm, Inform
d. Required, Acknowledged, Clarified, Indicated

A

b.

119
Q

True or False
A closed end question can be answered with a limited set of possible responses.

A

true

120
Q

MCQ
What is the 4 step process for using focus groups?
a. plan questions, create groups, conduct focus groups, summarize results

b. create questions, plan focus group, conduct focus group, summarize results

c. plan focus group, create questions, conduct focus group, summarize results

d. plan focus group, plan questions, conduct focus group, summarize result

A

c.

121
Q

MCQ
Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?
a. 4 second “click to glass” response time
b. ability to print invoice
c. email and username display
d. high contrast white background

A

a.

122
Q

True or False
“How badly did you do on the test?” is a good example of a closed ended question.

A

False

123
Q

True or False
An open ended question is better for conducting focus groups

A

True

124
Q

MCQ
Which of the following is NOT a tool and technique for Collect Requirements?
a. expert judgment
b. prototypes
c. data representation
d. product analysis

A

d.

125
Q

MCQ
You’ve been hired as a PM after the charter is complete. The sponsor wants to add more requirements. What should you do?
a. Review the business case
b. review the SOW
c. Submit a change request
d. Review the Charter

A

b.

126
Q

MCQ
A use case in which the actors does not interact within the system is called
a. Independent activity
b. solitary interaction model
c. asynchronous system
d. neutrino complex

A

c.

127
Q

MCQ
“When the zoo closes, the animals have a party” is an example of a disadvantage of which tool and technique?
a. Nominal Group technique
b. Observation
c. Case Studies
d. Facilitated workshops

A

b.

128
Q

MCQ
Data mining, validating interviews, and studying org charts is an example of
a. document analysis
b. mind mapping
c. alternative analysis
d. multi-criteria decision making

A

a.

129
Q

MCQ
Which of the following is not an input of Plan Scope management?
a. project Charter
b. Project management plan
c. requirements management plan
d. organizational process assets

A

c.

130
Q

MCQ
Which of the following statements about Surveys is false?
a. relatively inexpensive to administer
b. easier to collect information from a large audience
c. typically requires a significant amount of time from respondents
d. effective for stakeholders who are geographically dispersed

A

c.

131
Q

MCQ
Which of the following statements about benchmarking is incorrect?
a. competitors are not considered industry leaders
b. determines gaps between current and best practice
c. requires a survey of selected enterprise to understand practices
d. requires identification of areas to be studied

A

a.

132
Q

MCQ
Which of the following statements about tools and techniques is true?
a. Mind maps are not effective communication tools
b. business analysts do not need to create content when using document analysis
c. brainstorming does not produce diverse results
d. prototypes do not provide a valid representation of future state

A

b.

133
Q

MCQ
What is the most effective method to teach North American students?
a. satellite mind control
b. funny cartoon
c. smart pills
d. subliminal messages

A

b.

134
Q

Non Functional Category:
degree to which the solution is operable and accessible when required for use, often expressed in terms of percent of time the solution is available

A

Availability

135
Q

Non Functional Category:
degree to which the solution operates effectively with other components in its environment, such as one process with another

A

Compatibility

136
Q

Non Functional Category:
degree to which the solution functions meet user needs, including aspects of suitability, accuracy, and interoperability

A

Functionality

137
Q

Non Functional Category:
ease with which a solution or component can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment

A

Maintainability

138
Q

Non Functional Category:
degree to which a solution or component performs its designated functions with minimum consumption of resources. Can be defined based on the context or period, such as high-peak, mid-peak, or off-peak usage

A

Performance Efficiency

139
Q

Non Functional Category:
ease with which a solution or component can be transferred from one environment to another

A

portability

140
Q

Non Functional Category:
ability of a solution or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time, such as mean time to failure of a device

A

Reliability

141
Q

Non Functional Category:
degree to which a solution is able to grow or evolve to handle increased amount of work

A

Scalability

142
Q

Non Functional Category:
Aspects of a solution that protect solution content or solution components from accidental or malicious access, use, modification, destruction, or disclosure

A

Security

143
Q

Non Functional Category:
ease with which a user can learn to use the solution

A

usability

144
Q

Non Functional Category:
constraints on the solution that are necessary to meet certain standards or industry conventions

A

Certification

145
Q

Non Functional Category:
regulatory, financial, or legal constraints which can vary based on the context or jurisdiction

A

Compliance

146
Q

Non Functional Category:
requirements dealing with the local languages, laws, currencies, cultures, spellings, and other characteristics of users, which requires attention to the context

A

Localization

147
Q

Non Functional Category:
constraints of the organization being served by the solution that are formally agreed to by both the provider and the user of the solution

A

Service Level Agreements

MGMT 6055 (1 decks)

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