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Principles Of Crop Production > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Photosynthesis consist of processes by which _______ are synthesized and manufactured

A

Assimilates

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1
Q

Plant productivity depends on the production and use of assimilates

A

True

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2
Q

Define Anabolism

A

Complex molecules ( proteins and fats) are formed from simpler ones

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3
Q

Define catabolism

A

Used to describe the destructive reactions in the plant’s physiology

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4
Q

Define Assimilates

A

Carbohydrates and other substances that are synthesized & manufactured in photosynthesis

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5
Q

Define Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism

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6
Q

The energy locked in anabolic products is made available through ______ a destructive process

A

Respiration

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7
Q

Clearly explain the importance of metabolism

A

Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism

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8
Q

Over ____ of dry matter of crop plants depends on photosynthetic activity

A

90%

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9
Q

Crop yields depends on the rate of duration of photosynthesis

A

True

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10
Q

What are the primary producers and how important are they in the ecosystem

A

Plants. They are the ultimate source of food for life on Earth

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11
Q

The leaf is the principal plant organ of _______ in which photosynthesis occurs.

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

Where in the leaf does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplasts

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13
Q

All organisms require energy for their chemical reactions

A

True

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14
Q

Photosynthesis also involves two other pigments

A

Carotenoids- yellow/red pigments found in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Phycobilins- red, orange, and blue pigments water soluble found in Cyanobacteria and red algae

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15
Q

What is chlorophyll and how important is it in the process of photosynthesis

A

An enzyme and a protein. Most abundant enzyme or protein on Earth. Actually captures sunlight ( light energy)

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16
Q

These reactions may be involved with reproduction, growth, or other activities

A

Chemical reactions

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17
Q

Photosynthetic organisms such as plants use _____ energy to produce carbohydrate

A

Light

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18
Q

Clearly explain the process of photosynthesis

A

Plants and bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP

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19
Q

What is the equation representing the general reaction for photosynthesis

A

6H2O + 6CO2———> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

20
Q

Photosynthesis can be discussed with reference to the fate of CO2 in 3 steps. List the 3 steps

A
  1. Entry of CO2 into plant organs by the process of diffusion
  2. Harvesting light by photochemical process 3. Reduction of CO2 biochemical processes
21
Q

Carbon Dioxide enters the plant by diffusion Explain

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration of those molecules to a region of lower concentration

22
Q

CO2 availability is affected by many factors Explain 1

A

Opening and closing of the stomata opening the aperture of the pores is controlled by water in the guard cell

23
Q

What are guard cells and what role do they play

A

2 cells that flank the stoma/stomata they control the opening and closing of the stoma ( controls transpiration)

24
Q

Define Xylem

A

The supporting and water conducting tissue of plants

25
Q

Define Phloem

A

The food conducting tissue of vascular plants

26
Q

Define stoma

A

A pore in the epidermis of the leaf through which gases and water vapor pass through

27
Q

Define Cuticle

A

Made of cutin, covers the epidermis and prevents excessive water loss

28
Q

Light absorbing pigments are packed into ______ in discrete units called photo systems

A

Thylakoids

29
Q

Photosynthesis is a 2 step process

A

Light Dependent– requires the direct energy of light to make energy carrier molecules that are used in the second process

Light Independent— occurs when the products of the light reaction are used to form carbs

30
Q

What is ATP

A

Light Dependent stage of Photosynthesis the energy received from the sun is stored in the form of ATP is also passed from the light dependent stage to the dark stage or the light independent stage to be used as energy in that process as well

31
Q

In a photo system only a pair chlorophyll molecules out of all the pigments present is capable of using the light energy absorbed

A

True

32
Q

What is photo phosphorylation

A

The reaction by which ATP is formed from ADP and Phosphorus

33
Q

The final step in photosynthesis involves biochemical process that result in the _____ or assimilation of CO2

A

Fixation

34
Q

What is the difference between a C3 and C4 plant and give an example of each

A

C3 have a higher rate of CO2 assimilation at low light intensity

C4 plants have a lower CO2 compensation point because they are more efficient in trapping CO2 than C3 plants
Irradiance increases C4 higher rate of CO2 assimilation

35
Q

What is Carbon Fixation

A

The process in plants and algae by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon compounds

36
Q

C3 plant experience a loss in energy through a process called photo respiration

A

True

37
Q

What is photo respiration

A

It is the light dependent production of glycolic acid in the chloroplast

38
Q

Unlike respiration, photo respiration produces no ATP

A

True

39
Q

A third pathway in CO2 assimilation is Crassulacean acid metabolism

A

By fixing CO2 in the dark

40
Q

The rate of photosynthesis in higher plants is affected by a number of environmental factors list 2

A

Irradiance increasing intensity of light increases the rate of photosynthesis to a point

Temperature the photosynthetic rate decreases as temperature decreases enzymes are involved in CO2 assimilation enzymes are temperature sensitive

41
Q

C4 plants have a higher rate of CO2 assimilation at low light intensity than C3 plants.

A

False

42
Q

When plants grow in ____ light, their leaves grow longer

A

Low

43
Q

Leaves of plant grown in _____ high light intensity are _____ thicker and broader than when grown

A

High, Thickef

44
Q

How does temperature affect photosynthesis

A

CO2 assimilation involves enzymes, enzymes are temperature sensitive

45
Q

Generally in temperate plant species the rate of CO2 assimilation doubles for each 20 degrees Celsius increase in temperature provided light is not limiting

A

False

46
Q

Under conditions of moisture stress, caused by low soil moisture or drying winds, the rate of ________ loss exceeds __________ absorption of water

A

Transpiration root

47
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in ______ and respiration in the ________

A

Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

48
Q

What is the difference between growth and maintenance respiration

A

Growth refers to the biosynthesis process within a growing organ and related Phloem transport

Maintenance refers to the CO2 released, O2 consumed during basal rate of metabolism of usable energy

Principles Of Crop Production (1 decks)

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