MIDTERM Flashcards
What is Finkel’s definition of social welfare?
The set of non-market decisions, public and private, that determine the distribution of wealth to individuals and families and the degree of availability of human services to all members of society.
What factors contribute to social development in Canada?
Social class
Gender
Race/Ethnicity
Who was Dr. Bryce and what is his
significance?
Dr. Peter Bryce was the first general medical superintendent appointed by the Department of Indian Affairs in 1904.
His dedicated efforts to improve Aboriginal health were hampered by a “lack of interest and sometimes outright racist attitudes of his colleagues towards his work.”
Bryce noted in his annual report in 1906 that the death rate for Aboriginal people in Canada was twice the rate of non-aboriginal people and in some provinces three times the rate.
Bryce argued for a series of hospitals and sanatoria to be established on or near reserves.
What is the Marsh report?
The 1943 Report on Social Security was prepared for the federal government by Leonard Marsh.
*Inspired by the Beveridge report
What did the Marsh report recommend?
The Marsh report endorsed a comprehensive program of social welfare and a government committment to maintain high levels of employment.
What are the three broad types of welfare states?
(Hint. Jane Lewis)
Strong male-breadwinner states whose policies strongly reinforce patriarchy
(eg. Irelend, Britain)
Modified male-breadwinner states where patriarchal control is exercised within the family but state policies have favoured women’s work and resulted in greater distribution of favour of families headed by single mothers than strong male-breadwinner countries.
(eg. France)
Weak male-breadwinner society where state policy consciously promotes a dual-breadwinner model.
(eg. Sweden)
Which broad type of welfare state has policies that strongly reinforce patriarchy?
Strong male-breadwinner state
Which broad type of welfare state has patriarchal control exercised within the family but state policies have favoured women’s work and resulted in greater distribution of favour of families headed by single mothers than strong male-breadwinner countries?
Modified male-breadwinner state
Which broad type of welfare state has policies that consciously promote a dual-breadwinner model?
Weak male-breadwinner state
Throughout most of Canada’s history, it has been a ____________ breadwinner state.
Strong
Though in recent years it has straddled the boundaries between strong and modified male-breadwinner states, shaping at least some of its social policies to recognize women’s right to work.
At the beginning of colonial settlement, members of the Roman Catholic orders were the providers of social services. What social services did they provide?
Both men and women were involved in educating colonists and aboriginals alike in Christian and French ways.
Women were leaders in providing healthcare services to colonists.
Both female and male religious orders provided shelters for the poor.
Women’s orders looked after foundlings, “prostitutes”, the insane, and the aged.
True or False:
In 1639, religious women established the first two hospitals in New France.
True
What is the Almshouse and what did it aim to do? (1692)
Was established to ‘help’ elderly woman who were beggars. Inmates worked either in workshops or on farmland if they were able-bodied. Able-bodied individuals were also expected to care for those who were ill.
Who established Almshouse and where was it established?
Bishop Saint-Vallier in Quebec
What were some of the class differences amongst nuns and monks?
Nuns of Hotel-Dieu/Ursulines came from families that could provide good dowries.
Nuns of Hopital-General had their beginnings in the minior nobility in France. On the initiative of higher-born women, the Hopital-General added a boarding school for girls in 1725.
True or False:
There were no class differences among charitable organizations.
False
What were some class differences amongst boarding schools?
The Ursulines’ boarding schools were reserved for girls of wealthy families whos parents could afford to pay fees required by the sisters to maintain their institutions.
Ursuline schools gave no consideration to teaching a trade. Instead they taught music, art, singing, and a foreign language to girls who were being groomed as the wives of wealthy men
Day students of the Ursuline came next in the educational hierarchy, and below them were the boarders who attended the schools founded by Marguerite Bourgeoys.
Schools for boys also had class overtones, with Jesuit schools designed mainly for the upper classes and a vocational school for boys from the popular classes.
Who did the elites blame for poverty?
The elites blamed the poor, particularly the able-bodied poor, for their own poverty, using their media to propagate this perspective.
What was the first labour test instituted in 1881 in Toronto, the House of Industry?
Stone Breaking
What was the labour test instituted in the winter of 1883-84?
Cutting wood
What happened to those who declined the work test in 1888?
The workhouse began to refuse them food and shelter. However, they continued their outdoor relief program for families.
Why did Belleville put women in charge of relief distribution?
Because they were seen as more tight-fisted than men.
What is it called when funds are paid out modestly and consistently less than the potential wages for an employed unskilled labourer?
Requirement of “less eligibility”
The availability of employment shifted with what two changes?
The business cycle and seasons
