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HIST 223 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Freedman Bureau

A
  • Land (Initially redistribute southern land)
  • Federal assistance (Provide federal assistance to recent freedmen)
  • Schools
  • Often resisted by the white Sothern neighbors
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2
Q

Black Codes

A
  • Freedman needed special protection/laws to ensure their freedom
  • Lost the right to bear arms
  • Swearing/”offensive gestures” a crime
  • Lost the right to vote
  • Limited professions could be pursued, taxes were taken from anyone not a low level worker
  • Couldn’t serve on juries
  • Civil Rights Bill: Nullified Black Codes. Vetoed by Johnson, overridden by Congress
  • Granted equality before law as protection against Black Codes (14 amendment)
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3
Q

KKK

A
  • Began ad a fraternity
  • Started in Tennessee
  • Viewed themselves as defenders of the Southern life
  • Employed guerrilla warfare
  • Harassed blacks/whites
  • KKK’s “death” in 1870s
  • Ku Klux Klan Act (1871)-bands the circulation (recruitment)-making it a federal crime
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4
Q

Sharecropping

A
  • Cycle of sharecropping.
  • Tenancy=share cropping
  • Tenancy was not color coded=whites and blacks
  • Was good for poor white southerners
  • A lot of share croppers were illiterate-hard to keep track of payment and receipts
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5
Q

Dawes Act

A

gave American Indians farming land-forces indigenous to farm –they didn’t want to live like that it was almost forced.

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6
Q

Homestead Act

A
  • Lincoln for saw end of the world
  • Homestead act 1862-Promise of fortune through free land: Homestead Act of 1862
  • 160 free acres willing to live on the land for 5 years
  • Overall, a rather disappointing law!
  • With hopes of draining cities of the poor, only 372,000 farms claimed between 1862 and 1890
  • The west was advertised- by private companies/by the government
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7
Q

Knights of Labor

A
  • Knights of Labor founded (kind of for low scale workers) in 1869 as a secret society but openly campaigned after the 1877 strike
  • They initially wanted to represent all workers –but everyone wanted something different
  • Advocated for public ownership of railroads income tax equal pay for women and abolition of child labor
  • Technically opposed strikes sought arbitration and boycotts
  • Rivaled by the American Federation of Labor which represented highly skilled labor
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8
Q

Selective Service Act

A
  • Selective Service Act- Registered 24 million men drafted 3 million/2 million volunteered
  • Women and War served as clerks admin assistants and nurses
  • Minorities in Uniform-200,000 black troops served as well as a high number of Mexican Americans
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9
Q

League of Nations

A

Wilsons Fourteen Points-road map peace for the world
• Lead to what is known as th league of nations and when that fails turns in to united nations
• Initiated before the end of the war (January 1918)
o Call for open diplomacy
o Free seas and free trade
o Disarmament (nuclear weapons ect)\
o Self rule
o Association of nations to guarantee collective security

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10
Q

Pandemic 1919

A
  • Brought from Europe by soldiers
  • Fear Germans infected American soldiers
  • Killed 675,000 more than in all the wars of this century
  • Even Wilson caught the flu survived
  • Randomly disappeared
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11
Q

Settlement House Movement 1886

A
  • Began in NYC with the opening of the University Settlement House
  • Sought to care for the needs of particularly poor women and children
  • Mostly founded by the growing number of college educated middle class women around the nation (This included women in MD’s PhD’s JD’s)
  • Colleges had a quota for women
  • Most famous was the Hull House which offered daycare kindergartens medical clinics language classes and health classes
  • By 1911 there were 400 Settlement Houses nationwide
  • Settlement house movement made a scene tracking the poor
  • Jane Adams founded the largest settlement house-the most ground breaking house
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12
Q

Tenement

A

Tenements (giant apartment building-one room would rent cheap/rarely indoor pluming/easily spread disease.
• Disease
• Challenges to mobility
• Machine Politics (below)
• Corrupt politicians are the first to address poor people –provide necessities but mandated to vote for them

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13
Q

Margaret Sanger

A
  • By 1900 the number of children had dropped from 7 in 1800 to 4
  • Led to a national discussion regarding birth control
  • Comstock law- 1873 outlawed contraceptives and information discussing how to use it
  • Contraception became a racialized issue- FOLLOW UP O
  • Rise of Margaret Sanger-published the newspaper Woman Rebel which outlined birth control methods (1913) threatened with arrest and fled to Europe (to study more about birth control)
  • Opened her birth control clinic in 1916 attracting over 400 women on the first day only allowed to be open for 9 days
  • Birth Control was ultimately legalized but then became a wing of the Eugenics movement
  • The family sized dropped was in direct correlation from education
  • View- if people accessed birth control
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14
Q

Ida B Wells

A

began the campaign anti lynching (1892)

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15
Q

Cuban Revolution

A 
•	The “Splendid Little War”
•	Cuban revolutionaries rise against Spanish ( 1895)
•	Spanish gov create concentration camps
•	US assists Cuban revolutionaries 
Worth a War
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16
Q

Henry Ford

A
  • Paying cars by credit or time
  • First mass producer of the auto-15 million by 1927
  • By 1928 cost less than 300$
  • Embodied American enterprise – not only creating goods americans can consume but also creating jobs
  • Stood as a departure from the robber baron as he championed the common man
  • By the 20’s if you were working in the factory you would be able to send you kid through the 9th grade unlike the 1800’s were if you were working in a factory you were dirt poor
17
Q

Al Capone

A

gang leader made 60 million a year in illegal alcohol
• We began to see rise of alcoholism-but historicaaly this was a massive problem. Before the 1920’s it was almost unacceptable for women to go to bars

18
Q

Trench warfare

A

Gloabl Introcution to mass carnage
Americans in the Trenches Timeline
• Wilson declares war April 1917
• Americans deployed 1917
• Bolshevik Russians sign Brest-Litovsk Treaty with Germany (March 1918) which pulled Russia out of WW1
• Germany refocuses attack on France (6000 cannons=250,000 casualties)-1918
• Americans offer counteroffensive-Summer 1918
• Germans overthrow Kaiser-November 1918
• Armistice between France and Germany-November 1918
• Euopeans have been fighting since 1914-they have been fighting for four years-becoming grump-overthrow of Kaiser

19
Q

19th Amendment

A

Womens Suffrage

  • 1920 19th amendment passed-one can not be discriminated in the polls based by gender
  • Most women did not vote-its just not something that a lot of them used to do. Voting until about 2 elections later (about 10 yrs) these are the women that were children
20
Q

15th Ammendment

A
  • 15th Amendment: Prohibit States from depriving citizens from voting based on race, color, or previous servitude
  • North worries 15th amendment would have waves of immigrant coming to America (North supported 15th in south, but not in north)
21
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

Herbert Hoover
• Elected in 1828
• Lived the rags to riches American experience-was an orphan than became the president
• Presidency(this was the first time he got elected position)
• During ww1 seen as the great humanitarian
• Hooverism-Optimistic Republicanism

Hoovers response to the crash Oct 1929
• 1. Big Business should continue to invest
• Maintain production
• Keep workers
• Workers should hold back from complaining
• 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act
• ***** this is the federal gov buy million dollars worth of crops taking them off the market to raise the prices of food.
• 1930 $420 million in public works projects

22
Q

Bonus Army

A
  • Made up of poor ww1 veterans-20,000 in number
  • Requested the promised 1$ per day in uniform (1945)
  • Marched on Washington
  • Attacked by the army
  • The senate voted down the house passed legislation to give them the moneyd
23
Q

The New Deal

A
  • Brain Trust- Top professors appointed to the administration to assist in rebuilding the economy
  • Mantra: Action, Experiment, Improvise
  • Balance between corporate power and governmental power
  • Banking Act of 1933 (ex FDIC)
  • Hundred Days: the Amount of time Roosevelts plan were enacted within the nation.
24
Q

Alphabet Agencies

A

were the U.S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

CCC-Civilian Conservation Corps (required young men to send a percentage of their wage back home to their families)
PWA- Public Works Administration
TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
NRS National Recovery Administration
SSA Social Security Act

25
Q

Wounded Knee

A

An incident that symbolized American brutality toward Native American, soldiers killed between 200 and 300 Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, after a tense standoff over a Ghost Movement pg 461

26
Q

Robber Barons

A

A pejorative name for big business leaders that suggested they grew rich by devious business practices, exploitation of workers, and political manipulation
(gready capitalists who grew rich by devious business practices, exploitation of workers, and political manipulation)

27
Q

Tammany Hall

A

Tammany Hall, tuled the entire metropolis by the 1860’s By the late 19 and early 20th centuries several machines exteneded their power to the state level.
Political Machines acquired and retained power not only by providing services to their constituents but also as suggested by this political cartoon boss William Tweed the notoriously corrupt head of Tammany Hall, by intimidating voters and engaging in election fraud,
Politcial machines often resorted to voter intimidation and election fraud as the motto in counting there is strength suggest vote counts were manipulated to ensure victory

28
Q

Lynching

A

lynch mobs killed nearly 5000 victims between 1880-1930 2 per week .
POlice arrested people or lynching
trumped up accusations that the victim had raped or murdered a white person usually fueled anti lynching
went beyond administering extralegal justice
also created climate of terror that helped white maintain social control over all blacks not just those killed.
NAACP-lobbied to make lynching a federal crime

HIST 223 (1 decks)

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